Nginx + Apache, mod_wsgi serve python web application （test with TG2）

cheng029

　　Ref:
　　http://wiki.jmoiron.net/MigratingFromApacheToNginx
　　http://turbogears.org/2.0/docs/main/Deployment/modwsgi+virtualenv.html
　　http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxConfiguration
　　Req:
　　Debian os, python2.5, apache2, libapache2-mod-wsgi
　　Nginx is designed to do best to serve static files and proxying request to it's actual processor, so our deployment will use nginx as a front end, actually act as a web server, also do some load balance job; apache act as a application server role in our deployment, we don't use the mod_wsgi(atually apache-mod_wsgi,not that nginx's patch) in a embeded mode, which code executed in the apache's worker process and cause apache do much work that it shouldn't, daemon mode is like FastCGI and apache proxying task to other worker process, like wsgi handers.

• Follow above link2 to install apache/virtualenv, also install TG2RC1(currently), then get a sample app "myapp"
  
• Follow above link2 to do a apache+mod_wsgi deployment for the "myapp", best to deploy to /usr/local/turbogears/ for convenient, make sure it's run ok.
  
• Modify /etc/apache2/ports.conf to add muti-virtualhost refer to our "myapp"　　
  
  #/etc/apache2/ports.conf
  
  NameVirtualHost *:8119
  Listen 8119
  NameVirtualHost *:8120
  Listen 8120　　
  
• Modify /etc/apache2/sites-available/myapp to follow above ports　　
  
  #Apache configuration File
  #Read README.txt
  #1. This file should be added to your apache config folder; On Debian copy to /etc/apache2/sites-available/
  #Default location for tg2 project is /usr/local/turbogears/myapp. That is where you should put your project. This folder should be outside of apache location. Your package should not be installed into python site-package.
  
  #2. Alias/Allow apache to serve static content.
  #Alias /myapp/images /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/myapp/public/images
  #Alias /myapp/css /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/myapp/public/css
  #Alias /myapp/javascript /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/myapp/public/javascript
  
  #Embeded mode (http://example.com/myapp).For big websites with a lot of memory and visitors.
  #WSGIScriptAlias /myapp /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/apache/myapp.wsgi
  
  #3. Test if modwsgi is working. Uncomment below line, and go to http://localhost/test:
  #WSGIScriptAlias /test /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/apache/test.wsgi
  
  #4. [Optional] Sitewide (http://example.com/)
  #Alias /images /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/myapp/public/images
  #Alias /css /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/myapp/public/css
  #Alias /javascript /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/myapp/public/javascript
  #WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/local/turbogears/apache/myapp.wsgi
  
  #5. [Optional] Deamon mode with 10 threads and 3 processes. For small to medium website.
  #WSGIDaemonProcess myapp threads=10 processes=3
  #WSGIProcessGroup myapp
  #WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/apache/myapp.wsgi
  
  #6. Directory Permission.
  
  Order deny,allow
  Allow from all
  
  #7. [Optional] If you want to use Virtualhost apache settings.
  #Sample Virtual Host configuration would look like this:
  
  
      Order allow,deny
      Allow from all
  
  NameVirtualHost *:8119
  
          #WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/apache/myapp.wsgi
          WSGIDaemonProcess myapp1 threads=10 processes=3
          WSGIProcessGroup myapp1
          WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/apache/myapp.wsgi
  
  NameVirtualHost *:8120
  
          WSGIDaemonProcess myapp2 threads=10 processes=3
          WSGIProcessGroup myapp2
          WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/apache/myapp.wsgi
  　　
  
• Modify /etc/nginx/nginx.conf to serve static and proxy request to apache appsvr　　
  
  #user  nobody;
  worker_processes  1;
  #error_log  logs/error.log;
  #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
  #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
  
  #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
  
  events {
      worker_connections  1024;
  }
  
  http {
      include       mime.types;
      default_type  application/octet-stream;
      #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
      #                  '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
      #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
  
      #access_log  logs/access.log  main;
  
      sendfile        on;
      #tcp_nopush     on;
  
      #keepalive_timeout  0;
      keepalive_timeout  65;
      #gzip  on;
     
      upstream myapp {
          server 127.0.0.1:8119;
          server 127.0.0.1:8120;
          # other balance
      }
      server {
          listen       80;
          server_name  localhost;
          # site_media - folder in uri for static files
          location ~ ^/\/(images|javascript|js|css|flash|media|static)/  {
                  root /usr/local/turbogears/myapp/public;
                  access_log   off;
                  expires 30d;
          }
          #charset koi8-r;
  
          #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
  
          location / {
             # root   html;
             # index  index.html index.htm;
             proxy_pass http://myapp;
          }
          #error_page  404              /404.html;
  
          # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
          #
          error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
          location = /50x.html {
              root   html;
          }
  
      }
  }　　
  
• Test the deployment　　
  
  $ /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
  $ nginx -t -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
  $ nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf &
  #open browser to browse the http://your_debian_host/ check your deploment　　
  　　this is very simple config, for the production enviroment, you should check the more doc to get the best suit for you.
  

　　We get the perfectly 3-tiers infrastructure for our n-tiers-oriented application, but it compares to the nginx+nginx-mod_wsgi style may has little speed limitation, no benchmark data now, maybe someone can do a test to get the actual performance data.