Linux下安装配置Apache服务器

amy_888

Linux下安装配置Apache服务器
　　1. 安装Apache
　　[root@localhost ~]# yum –y install httpd
　　2. 启动Apache
　　[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
　　3. 查看进程
　　[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd
　　httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
　　Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled)
　　Active: active (running) since 四 2016-06-09 10:41:59 CST; 7min ago
　　Docs: man:httpd(8)
　　man:apachectl(8)
　　Main PID: 5183 (httpd)
　　Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec"
　　CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
　　├─5183 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
　　├─5184 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
　　├─5185 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
　　├─5186 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
　　├─5187 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
　　└─5188 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
　　6月 09 10:41:59 localhost.localdomain httpd[5183]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using localhost.loca...s message
　　6月 09 10:41:59 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
　　Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
　　4. 修改配置文件
　　[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
　　# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the
　　# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
　　# See  for detailed information.
　　# In particular, see
　　#
　　# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
　　#
　　# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
　　# what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure
　　# consult the online docs. You have been warned.
　　#
　　# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
　　# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
　　# server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin
　　# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so 'log/access_log'
　　# with ServerRoot set to '/www' will be interpreted by the
　　# server as '/www/log/access_log', where as '/log/access_log' will be
　　# interpreted as '/log/access_log'.
　　#
　　# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
　　# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
　　#
　　# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point
　　# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the
　　# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used. If you wish to share the
　　# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at
　　# least PidFile.
　　#
　　ServerRoot "/etc/httpd" //配置文件的位置。
　　#
　　# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
　　# ports, instead of the default. See also the
　　# directive.
　　#
　　# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
　　# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
　　#
　　#Listen 12.34.56.78:80 //基于ip端口的监听
　　Listen 80 //监听的端口
　　#
　　# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
　　#
　　# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
　　# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
　　# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
　　# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
　　# to be loaded here.
　　#
　　# Example:
　　# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
　　#
　　Include conf.modules.d/*.conf //包含进来的配置文件
　　#
　　# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
　　# httpd as root initially and it will switch.
　　#
　　# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
　　# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
　　# running httpd, as with most system services.
　　#
　　User apache // apache的用户
　　Group apache // apache的组名
　　# 'Main' server configuration
　　#
　　# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
　　# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
　　#  definition. These values also provide defaults for
　　# any  containers you may define later in the file.
　　#
　　# All of these directives may appear inside  containers,
　　# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
　　# virtual host being defined.
　　#
　　#
　　# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
　　# e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
　　# as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com
　　#
　　ServerAdmin root@localhost //管理员邮箱
　　#
　　# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
　　# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
　　# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
　　#
　　# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
　　#
　　ServerName www.example.com:80 //主机名的端口
　　#
　　# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
　　# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other
　　#  blocks below.
　　#
　　
　　AllowOverride none
　　Require all denied
　　
　　#
　　# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
　　# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
　　# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
　　# below.
　　#
　　#
　　# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
　　# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
　　# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
　　#
　　DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" //web服务器的根目录
　　#
　　# Relax access to content within /var/www.
　　#
　　
　　AllowOverride None
　　# Allow open access:
　　Require all granted
　　
　　# Further relax access to the default document root:
　　
　　#
　　# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
　　# or any combination of:
　　# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
　　#
　　# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
　　# doesn't give it to you.
　　#
　　# The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see
　　# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options
　　# for more information.
　　#
　　Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
　　#
　　# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
　　# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
　　# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
　　#
　　AllowOverride None
　　#
　　# Controls who can get stuff from this server.
　　#
　　Require all granted
　　
　　#
　　# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
　　# is requested.
　　#
　　
　　DirectoryIndex index.html
　　
　　#
　　# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
　　# viewed by Web clients.
　　#
　　
　　Require all denied
　　
　　#
　　# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
　　# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a
　　# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
　　# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a
　　# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
　　#
　　ErrorLog "logs/error_log" //错误日志文件位置
　　#
　　# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
　　# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
　　# alert, emerg.
　　#
　　LogLevel warn //错误级别设定
　　//错误日志格式
　　#
　　# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
　　# a CustomLog directive (see below).
　　#
　　LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
　　LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
　　
　　# You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
　　LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
　　
　　#
　　# The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
　　# If you do not define any access logfiles within a
　　# container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do*
　　# define per- access logfiles, transactions will be
　　# logged therein and *not* in this file.
　　#
　　#CustomLog "logs/access_log" common
　　#
　　# If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
　　# (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
　　#
　　CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
　　
　　
　　#
　　# Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to
　　# exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client
　　# will make a new request for the document at its new location.
　　# Example:
　　# Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar
　　#
　　# Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
　　# access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
　　# Example:
　　# Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
　　#
　　# If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
　　# require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely
　　# need to provide a  section to allow access to
　　# the filesystem path.
　　#
　　# ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.
　　# ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
　　# documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
　　# run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
　　# client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
　　# directives as to Alias.
　　#
　　ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
　　
　　#
　　# "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
　　# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
　　#
　　
　　AllowOverride None
　　Options None
　　Require all granted
　　
　　
　　#
　　# TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
　　# filename extension to MIME-type.
　　#
　　TypesConfig /etc/mime.types
　　#
　　# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
　　# file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
　　#
　　#AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
　　#
　　# AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
　　# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
　　#
　　#AddEncoding x-compress .Z
　　#AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
　　#
　　# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
　　# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
　　#
　　AddType application/x-compress .Z
　　AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
　　#
　　# AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
　　# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
　　# or added with the Action directive (see below)
　　#
　　# To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
　　# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
　　#
　　#AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
　　# For type maps (negotiated resources):
　　#AddHandler type-map var
　　#
　　# Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
　　#
　　# To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
　　# (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
　　#
　　AddType text/html .shtml
　　AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
　　
　　#
　　# Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables
　　# interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default. To use the
　　# default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags
　　# in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this
　　# directive:
　　#
　　AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
　　
　　#
　　# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
　　# contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile
　　# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
　　#
　　MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
　　
　　#
　　# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
　　# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
　　#
　　# Some examples:
　　#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
　　#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
　　#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
　　#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
　　#
　　# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,
　　# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver
　　# files. This usually improves server performance, but must
　　# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted
　　# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
　　# broken on your system.
　　# Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off
　　#
　　#EnableMMAP off
　　EnableSendfile on
　　# Supplemental configuration
　　#
　　# Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if any.
　　IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
　　5. 重启服务
　　[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
　　6. 开机自启动
　　[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd.service
　　7. 防火墙设置
　　[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp
　　8. 浏览器输入查看

　　9. 查看Apache配置参数
　　[root@localhost ~]# httpd -V
　　Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
　　Server built: May 12 2016 10:27:23
　　Server's Module Magic Number: 20120211:24
　　Server loaded: APR 1.4.8, APR-UTIL 1.5.2
　　Compiled using: APR 1.4.8, APR-UTIL 1.5.2
　　Architecture: 64-bit
　　Server MPM: prefork
　　threaded: no
　　forked: yes (variable process count)
　　Server compiled with....
　　-D APR_HAS_SENDFILE
　　-D APR_HAS_MMAP
　　-D APR_HAVE_IPV6 (IPv4-mapped addresses enabled)
　　-D APR_USE_SYSVSEM_SERIALIZE
　　-D APR_USE_PTHREAD_SERIALIZE
　　-D SINGLE_LISTEN_UNSERIALIZED_ACCEPT
　　-D APR_HAS_OTHER_CHILD
　　-D AP_HAVE_RELIABLE_PIPED_LOGS
　　-D DYNAMIC_MODULE_LIMIT=256
　　-D HTTPD_ROOT="/etc/httpd"
　　-D SUEXEC_BIN="/usr/sbin/suexec"
　　-D DEFAULT_PIDLOG="/run/httpd/httpd.pid"
　　-D DEFAULT_SCOREBOARD="logs/apache_runtime_status"
　　-D DEFAULT_ERRORLOG="logs/error_log"
　　-D AP_TYPES_CONFIG_FILE="conf/mime.types"
　　-D SERVER_CONFIG_FILE="conf/httpd.conf"
　　10. 查看已经被编译的模块
　　[root@localhost ~]# httpd -l
　　Compiled in modules:
　　core.c
　　mod_so.c
　　http_core.c
配置个人用户web空间
　　1. 修改配置文件
　　[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf
　　# UserDir: The name of the directory that is appended onto a user's home
　　# directory if a ~user request is received.
　　#
　　# The path to the end user account 'public_html' directory must be
　　# accessible to the webserver userid. This usually means that ~userid
　　# must have permissions of 711, ~userid/public_html must have permissions
　　# of 755, and documents contained therein must be world-readable.
　　# Otherwise, the client will only receive a "403 Forbidden" message.
　　#
　　
　　#
　　# UserDir is disabled by default since it can confirm the presence
　　# of a username on the system (depending on home directory
　　# permissions).
　　#
　　UserDir disabled //改为UserDir public_html
　　#
　　# To enable requests to /~user/ to serve the user's public_html
　　# directory, remove the "UserDir disabled" line above, and uncomment
　　# the following line instead:
　　#
　　#UserDir public_html
　　
　　#
　　# Control access to UserDir directories. The following is an example
　　# for a site where these directories are restricted to read-only.
　　#
　　
　　AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit Indexes
　　Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec //改为 Options None
　　Require method GET POST OPTIONS
　　
　　2. 创建文件夹并修改权限
　　[root@localhost html]# mkdir /home/redhat/public_html
　　[root@localhost html]# chmod 705 /home/redhat/ -R
　　3. 创建index.html文件并查看