ubuntu安装及简单实用

　　1.修改网卡：
cat /etc/network/interfaces，添加如下内容

# interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto ens192
iface ens192 inet static
address 172.16.9.200
netmask 255.255.0.0
gateway 172.16.9.1
　　添加dns
cat /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base
nameserver  8.8.8.8
　　启动网卡：

systemctl stop NetworkManager
systemctl disable NetworkManager
ifup ens192
　　更改apt镜像源
cat /etc/apt/sources.list

    # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Kylin 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse
　　删除多余的软件包：
apt-get remove thunderbird unity-webapps-common totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot gnome-mines transmission-common gnome-orca webbrowser-app gnome-sudoku  libreoffice-common -y
安装软件包：
apt-get update
有时候需要解决问题，test -w /var/cache/app-info -a -e /usr/bin/appstreamcli；appstreamcli refresh >/dev/null的报错问题

pkill -KILL appstreamcli
apt-get install wget -y
wget -P /tmp https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/appstream_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_am
wget -P /tmp https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/appstream_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/libappstream3_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
dpkg -i /tmp/appstream_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb /tmp/libappstream3_0.9.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
　　再apt-get update就不会报上面的错误
apt-get install vim openssh-server sogoupinyin -y
　　查看系统版本：
cat /etc/issue
其他可选安装：
　　安装wps

    wget http://kdl.cc.ksosoft.com/wps-community/download/a21/wps-office_10.1.0.5672~a21_amd64.deb
dpkg -i wps-office_10.1.0.5672~a21_amd64.deb
由于使用wps有时候会有字符集问题，需要额外的字符集，字符集安装包：我的网盘里。
```
　　unzip wps_symbol_fonts.zip -d /usr/share/fonts/wps-office
cd /usr/share/fonts/wps-office
chmod 644 ./*
mkfontscale
mkfontdir
fc-cache


解决python占用cpu过高的问题：

　　add-apt-repository ppa:karl-qdh/ppa
apt-get update  
apt-get upgrade
reboot


安装vncserver，实现vnc远程连接ubuntu桌面
　　apt-get install xfce4
apt-get install vnc4server
apt-get install xrdp
vncserver

编辑.vnc/xstartup文件，如下
cat .vnc/xstartup
#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
# unset SESSION_MANAGER
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
#[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
#[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
#xsetroot -solid grey
#vncconfig -iconic &
#x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
vncconfig -iconic &
xfce4-session &

停止vncserver
`vncserver -kill :1 `  
启动vncserver
　　vncserver
service xrdp restart     
systemctl stop xrdp
systemctl start xrdp


查看是否启动
`netstat -lntup`
然后就可以在windows桌面上使用vnc-client连接了。
![](http://i2.运维网.com/images/blog/201805/25/7ce60256b6de64214ae78418a1a1f5d9.png"=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
安装远程连接windows服务器的系统：
`apt-get install rdesktop -y`
这个需要在ubuntu的桌面上连接，才可以。
rdesktop -f 远程IP