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varnish这几年已经应用比较广泛且成熟了，与squid相比，它具有以下优点： 1、稳定性更好，在处理相同的负载情况下，squid发生故障的概率要高于varnish 2、访问速度更快，因为varnish的数据存储在内存中，而squid是存储在硬盘上。 3、varnish支持并发能力比squid要强，它释放tcp链接要比squid快，所以可以支持更多的链接 4、varnish在管理方面比squid强，他可以通过管理端口使用正则来清理部分缓存，squid是做不到的 5、varnish可以起多个进程，而squid是单cpu单核处理的 varnish的缺点： 1、重启服务后，内存数据清除，需要到后端服务器重新获取数据
安装一些系统需要的包
yum install gcc-c++yum install gccyum install libtoolyum install ncurses-devel #如果这个不装，varnishstat不会安装，这个rhel5的一个bug下载pcre和varnish
cd /optwget http://repo.varnish-cache.org/source/varnish-3.0.1.tar.gzwget http://downloads.sourceforge.net ... &use_mirror=ncu安装pcre
unzip pcre-8.30.zipcd pcre-8.30 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcremake && make install安装varnish
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/pcre/lib/pkgconfiguseradd -s /sbin/nologin varnish mkdir -p /data/varnish/cachemkdir -p /data/varnish/logchown -R varnish:varnish /data/varnishtar zxvf varnish-3.0.1.tar.gzcd varnish-3.0.1./configuare --prefix=/usr/local/varnishmake && make installcp redhat/varnish.initrc /etc/init.d/varnish cp redhat/varnish.sysconfig /etc/sysconfig/varnish
vim /etc/sysconfig/varnish
NFILES=131072MEMLOCK=182000DAEMON_OPTS="-a 0.0.0.0:80 \ #监听的地址和端口 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 \ #管理地址和端口 -f /usr/local/varnish/etc/vcl.conf\ #加载的配置 -u varnish -g varnish \ #用户和组 -w 10,51200,10 \ #min,max,timeout -n /data/varnish/cache \ -s file,/data/varnish/cache/varnish_cache.data,4G" #-s 用来定义存储类型和存储容量。Mmap file是使用文件的形式存储，然后再一次性加载到内存中。这种方式如果在访问量很大的情况下，对IO有一定的压力 #-s malloc,2G #这种方式是直接分配内存，不写文件。对IO无压力chmod 775 /etc/init.d/varnish
vim /usr/local/varnish/etc/vcl.conf
#Cache for linuxtone sites#backend vhostbackend webserver {.host = "192.168.3.30"; #后端server IP.port = "80";}#acl 运行purge缓存的3个IPacl purge { "localhost"; "127.0.0.1"; "10.13.3.0"/24;}sub vcl_recv { if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) { if (req.url ~ "\.(jpg|png|gif|jpeg|flv)$" ) { remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; remove req.http.Cookie; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip"; } else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") { set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate"; } else { remove req.http.Accept-Encoding; } } if (req.http.host ~ "(.*)taobao.org") { set req.backend = webserver; } else { error 404 "This website is maintaining or not exist"; } if (req.request == "PURGE") { if (!client.ip ~purge) { error 405 "Not Allowed"; }#.dd..... return(lookup); }#...GET...url...jpg,png,gif. ..cookie if (req.request == "GET"&& req.url ~ "\.(png|gif|jpeg|jpg|ico|swf|css|js|html|htm|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg|mp4|flv|f4v|pdf)$") { unset req.http.cookie; }#..GET...url.php....cache.... if (req.request =="GET"&&req.url ~ "\.php($|\?)"){ return (pass); }# if (req.restarts == 0) { if (req.http.x-forwarded-for) { set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = req.http.X-Forwarded-For + ", " + client.ip; } else { set req.http.X-Forwarded-For = client.ip; }# }#........pipe.. if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD" && req.request != "PUT" && req.request != "POST" && req.request != "TRACE" && req.request != "OPTIONS" && req.request != "DELETE") { return (pipe); }#..GET .HEAD..... if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") { return (pass); } if (req.http.Authorization) { return (pass); } return (lookup);}#..url+host hash......sub vcl_hash { hash_data(req.url); if (req.http.host) { hash_data(req.http.host); } else { hash_data(server.ip); } return (hash);}# .....purge .....sub vcl_hit { if (req.request == "PURGE") { set obj.ttl = 0s; error 200 "Purged"; } return (deliver);}sub vcl_fetch { if (req.url ~ "\.(jpeg|jpg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg|ico|swf|flv|dmg|js|css|html|htm)$") { set beresp.ttl = 2d; set beresp.http.expires = beresp.ttl; set beresp.http.Cache-Control = "max-age=172800"; unset beresp.http.set-cookie; } if (req.url ~ "\.(dmg|js|css|html|htm)$") { set beresp.do_gzip = true; } if (beresp.status == 503) { set beresp.saintmode = 15s; }}sub vcl_deliver { set resp.http.x-hits = obj.hits ; if (obj.hits > 0) { set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT You!"; } else { set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS Me!"; }} /etc/init.d/varnish start #启动varnish 启动成功后，进程中会出现两个varnishd进程。一个master主进程和一个worker工作子进程。master进程读取存储配置命令，进行初始化。子进程则分配线程进行cache工作。 /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishlog -n /data/varnish/cache
/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /data/varnish/cache
#多次执行该语句，可以测试是否命中缓存 curl -I http://wfstatic.taobao.org/Resources/images/bg_welcome.png
#列出最近被清除的内容 /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 ban.list
#清除指定的文件，后面可以用正则来匹配 /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 ban.url /resources/mvcres/style/default/form.css #之前的版本，清除缓存使用的是purge.url | 
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