随着nosql风潮兴起,redis作为当中一个耀眼的明星,也越来越多的被关注和使用,我在工作中也广泛的用到了redis来充当cache和key-value DB,但当大家发现数据越来越多时,不禁有些担心,redis能撑的住吗,虽然官方已经有漂亮的benchmark,自己也可以做做压力测试,但是看看源码,也是确认问题最直接的办法之一。比如目前我们要确认的一个问题是,redis是如何删除过期数据的? 用一个可以"find reference"的IDE,沿着setex(Set the value and expiration of a key)命令一窥究竟:
1 void setGenericCommand(redisClient *c, int nx, robj *key, robj *val, robj *expire) {
2 long seconds = 0; /* initialized to avoid an harmness warning */
3
4 if (expire) {
5 if (getLongFromObjectOrReply(c, expire, &seconds, NULL) != REDIS_OK)
6 return;
7 if (seconds db,key) != NULL && nx) {
14 addReply(c,shared.czero);
15 return;
16 }
17 setKey(c->db,key,val);
18 server.dirty++;
19 if (expire) setExpire(c->db,key,time(NULL)+seconds);
20 addReply(c, nx ? shared.cone : shared.ok);
21 }
13行处理"Set the value of a key, only if the key does not exist"的场景,17行插入这个key,19行设置它的超时,注意时间戳已经被设置成了到期时间。这里要看一下redisDb(即c->db)的定义:
typedef struct redisDb {
dict *dict; /* The keyspace for this DB */
dict *expires; /* Timeout of keys with a timeout set */
dict *blocking_keys; /* Keys with clients waiting for data (BLPOP) */
dict *io_keys; /* Keys with clients waiting for VM I/O */
dict *watched_keys; /* WATCHED keys for MULTI/EXEC CAS */
int id;
} redisDb;
1 int expireIfNeeded(redisDb *db, robj *key) {
2 time_t when = getExpire(db,key);
3
4 if (when < 0) return 0; /* No expire for this key */
5
6 /* Don't expire anything while loading. It will be done later. */
7 if (server.loading) return 0;
8
9 /* If we are running in the context of a slave, return ASAP:
10 * the slave key expiration is controlled by the master that will
11 * send us synthesized DEL operations for expired keys.
12 *
13 * Still we try to return the right information to the caller,
14 * that is, 0 if we think the key should be still valid, 1 if
15 * we think the key is expired at this time. */
16 if (server.masterhost != NULL) {
17 return time(NULL) > when;
18 }
19
20 /* Return when this key has not expired */
21 if (time(NULL) expires);
16 time_t now = time(NULL);
17
18 expired = 0;
19 if (num > REDIS_EXPIRELOOKUPS_PER_CRON)
20 num = REDIS_EXPIRELOOKUPS_PER_CRON;
21 while (num--) {
22 dictEntry *de;
23 time_t t;
24
25 if ((de = dictGetRandomKey(db->expires)) == NULL) break;
26 t = (time_t) dictGetEntryVal(de);
27 if (now > t) {
28 sds key = dictGetEntryKey(de);
29 robj *keyobj = createStringObject(key,sdslen(key));
30
31 propagateExpire(db,keyobj);
32 dbDelete(db,keyobj);
33 decrRefCount(keyobj);
34 expired++;
35 server.stat_expiredkeys++;
36 }
37 }
38 } while (expired > REDIS_EXPIRELOOKUPS_PER_CRON/4);
39 }
40 }
41
/* This function gets called when 'maxmemory' is set on the config file to limit
* the max memory used by the server, and we are out of memory.
* This function will try to, in order:
*
* - Free objects from the free list
* - Try to remove keys with an EXPIRE set
*
* It is not possible to free enough memory to reach used-memory < maxmemory
* the server will start refusing commands that will enlarge even more the
* memory usage.
*/
void freeMemoryIfNeeded(void) 这个函数太长就不再详述了,注释部分说明只有在配置文件中设置了最大内存时候才会调用这个函数,而设置这个参数的意义是,你把redis当做一个内存cache而不是key-value数据库。
以上3种删除过期key的途径,第二种定期删除一定比例的key是主要的删除途径,第一种“读时删除”保证过期key不会被访问到,第三种是一个当内存超出设定时的暴力手段。由此也能看出redis设计的巧妙之处。
这下知道为啥从从redis中能访问到过期的key了,虽然从redis知道key过期,但没有权限删除。
以上纯属自己的理解,有什么不对,请批评指正。