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1. 前言
openstack默认为了防止用户随意使用存储空间，默认针对cinder做了限制，防止用户过度使用存储空间，和nova与neutron相类似，cinder的quota也是有一个专门的驱动来完成，当超过quota时，使用cinder将会失败。
2. cinder默认的quota
1. 默认配置
quota_driver=cinder.quota.DbQuotaDriver quota的驱动，源代码的路径
quota_volumes=10 volume的个数
quota_snapshots=10 快照个数
quota_gigabytes=1000 volume的空间大小，默认单位是GB，包括快照和volume的空间
reservation_expire=86400 过期时长
max_age=0 刷新间隔 2. 查看tenant默认的配额
[root@controller ~]# cinder quota-defaults 7ff1dfb5a6f349958c3a949248e56236
+-----------+-------+
| Property | Value |
+-----------+-------+
| gigabytes | 1000 | 允许使用的空间
| snapshots | 10 | 快照的个数
| volumes | 10 | volume的个数 3. 查看quota的使用情况
[root@controller ~]# cinder quota-usage 7ff1dfb5a6f349958c3a949248e56236
+-----------+--------+----------+-------+
| Type | In_use | Reserved | Limit |
+-----------+--------+----------+-------+
| gigabytes | 0 | 0 | 1000 |
| snapshots | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| volumes | 0 | 0 | 10 |
+-----------+--------+----------+-------+ 3. 调整quota配置
[root@controller ~]# cinder quota-update --volumes 100 --snapshots 100 --gigabytes 5000 7ff1dfb5a6f349958c3a949248e56236
[root@controller ~]# cinder quota-show 7ff1dfb5a6f349958c3a949248e56236
+-----------+-------+
| Property | Value |
+-----------+-------+
| gigabytes | 5000 |
| snapshots | 100 |
| volumes | 100 |
+-----------+-------+
[root@controller ~]# cinder quota-usage 7ff1dfb5a6f349958c3a949248e56236
+-----------+--------+----------+-------+
| Type | In_use | Reserved | Limit |
+-----------+--------+----------+-------+
| gigabytes | 0 | 0 | 5000 |
| snapshots | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| volumes | 0 | 0 | 100 |
+-----------+--------+----------+-------+ 4. 总结
关于cinder quota的配置，只需要借助cinder quota*相关的子命令即可完成配额的调整，在实际的生产环境中，随着volume的个数和存储空间的增大，当达到cinder的quota之后，将无法建立cinder的volume，具体的信息可以参考/var/log/cinder/cinder.api.log中查看即可，可以根据日志的提示内容，修改quota即可。
5. 附录
关于cinder quota的源代码，可以参考如下内容
"""Quotas for volumes."""
import datetime
from oslo.config import cfg
from cinder import context
from cinder import db
from cinder import exception
from cinder.openstack.common import importutils
from cinder.openstack.common import log as logging
from cinder.openstack.common import timeutils
LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
'''
在cinder的配置文件中，注册quota的配置选项，包括volume,snpshots,gigabytes空间，driver等
'''
quota_opts = [
cfg.IntOpt('quota_volumes',
default=10,
help='number of volumes allowed per project'),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_snapshots',
default=10,
help='number of volume snapshots allowed per project'),
cfg.IntOpt('quota_gigabytes',
default=1000,
help='number of volume gigabytes (snapshots are also included) '
'allowed per project'),
cfg.IntOpt('reservation_expire',
default=86400,
help='number of seconds until a reservation expires'),
cfg.IntOpt('until_refresh',
default=0,
help='count of reservations until usage is refreshed'),
cfg.IntOpt('max_age',
default=0,
help='number of seconds between subsequent usage refreshes'),
cfg.StrOpt('quota_driver',
default='cinder.quota.DbQuotaDriver',
help='default driver to use for quota checks'),
cfg.BoolOpt('use_default_quota_class',
default=True,
help='whether to use default quota class for default quota'), ]
CONF = cfg.CONF
CONF.register_opts(quota_opts)
'''
cinder quota的管理驱动，即包含了增删改查，和cinder配额的校验函数，都封装在该class内，cinder的quota和nova的quota实现方式非常类似
'''
class DbQuotaDriver(object):
"""Driver to perform check to enforcement of quotas.
Also allows to obtain quota information.
The default driver utilizes the local database.
"""
#获取tenant的quota信息，即cinder quota-show <tenant_id>的实现函数
def get_by_project(self, context, project_id, resource_name):
"""Get a specific quota by project."""
#从数据库中，调用nova.db.api下的quota_get()函数，返回数据库中关于tenant的配置信息
return db.quota_get(context, project_id, resource_name)
def get_by_class(self, context, quota_class, resource_name):
"""Get a specific quota by quota class."""
return db.quota_class_get(context, quota_class, resource_name)
#获取默认的quota配置信息，通过调用quota_class_get_default()方法实现
def get_default(self, context, resource):
"""Get a specific default quota for a resource."""
default_quotas = db.quota_class_get_default(context)
return default_quotas.get(resource.name, resource.default)
#调用系统默认的cinder quota配置内容
def get_defaults(self, context, resources):
"""Given a list of resources, retrieve the default quotas.
Use the class quotas named `_DEFAULT_QUOTA_NAME` as default quotas,
if it exists.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
"""
quotas = {}
default_quotas = {}
if CONF.use_default_quota_class:
default_quotas = db.quota_class_get_default(context)
for resource in resources.values():
if resource.name not in default_quotas:
LOG.deprecated(_("Default quota for resource: %(res)s is set "
"by the default quota flag: quota_%(res)s, "
"it is now deprecated. Please use the "
"the default quota class for default "
"quota.") % {'res': resource.name})
quotas[resource.name] = default_quotas.get(resource.name,
resource.default)
return quotas
def get_class_quotas(self, context, resources, quota_class,
defaults=True):
"""Given list of resources, retrieve the quotas for given quota class.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
:param quota_class: The name of the quota class to return
quotas for.
:param defaults: If True, the default value will be reported
if there is no specific value for the
resource.
"""
quotas = {}
default_quotas = {}
class_quotas = db.quota_class_get_all_by_name(context, quota_class)
if defaults:
default_quotas = db.quota_class_get_default(context)
for resource in resources.values():
if resource.name in class_quotas:
quotas[resource.name] = class_quotas[resource.name]
continue
if defaults:
quotas[resource.name] = default_quotas.get(resource.name,
resource.default)
return quotas
'''
获取tenant的配额信息
'''
def get_project_quotas(self, context, resources, project_id,
quota_class=None, defaults=True,
usages=True):
"""Given a list of resources, retrieve the quotas for the given
project.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
:param project_id: The ID of the project to return quotas for.
:param quota_class: If project_id != context.project_id, the
quota class cannot be determined. This
parameter allows it to be specified. It
will be ignored if project_id ==
context.project_id.
:param defaults: If True, the quota class value (or the
default value, if there is no value from the
quota class) will be reported if there is no
specific value for the resource.
:param usages: If True, the current in_use and reserved counts
will also be returned.
"""
quotas = {}
project_quotas = db.quota_get_all_by_project(context, project_id)
if usages:
project_usages = db.quota_usage_get_all_by_project(context,
project_id)
# Get the quotas for the appropriate class. If the project ID
# matches the one in the context, we use the quota_class from
# the context, otherwise, we use the provided quota_class (if
# any)
if project_id == context.project_id:
quota_class = context.quota_class
if quota_class:
class_quotas = db.quota_class_get_all_by_name(context, quota_class)
else:
class_quotas = {}
default_quotas = self.get_defaults(context, resources)
for resource in resources.values():
# Omit default/quota class values
if not defaults and resource.name not in project_quotas:
continue
quotas[resource.name] = dict(
limit=project_quotas.get(
resource.name,
class_quotas.get(resource.name,
default_quotas[resource.name])),
)
# Include usages if desired. This is optional because one
# internal consumer of this interface wants to access the
# usages directly from inside a transaction.
if usages:
usage = project_usages.get(resource.name, {})
quotas[resource.name].update(
in_use=usage.get('in_use', 0),
reserved=usage.get('reserved', 0), )
return quotas
def _get_quotas(self, context, resources, keys, has_sync, project_id=None):
"""A helper method which retrieves the quotas for specific resources.
This specific resource is identified by keys, and which apply to the
current context.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
:param keys: A list of the desired quotas to retrieve.
:param has_sync: If True, indicates that the resource must
have a sync attribute; if False, indicates
that the resource must NOT have a sync
attribute.
:param project_id: Specify the project_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user's tenant.
"""
# Filter resources
if has_sync:
sync_filt = lambda x: hasattr(x, 'sync')
else:
sync_filt = lambda x: not hasattr(x, 'sync')
desired = set(keys)
sub_resources = dict((k, v) for k, v in resources.items()
if k in desired and sync_filt(v))
# Make sure we accounted for all of them...
if len(keys) != len(sub_resources):
unknown = desired - set(sub_resources.keys())
raise exception.QuotaResourceUnknown(unknown=sorted(unknown))
# Grab and return the quotas (without usages)
quotas = self.get_project_quotas(context, sub_resources,
project_id,
context.quota_class, usages=False)
return dict((k, v['limit']) for k, v in quotas.items())
'''
配额的检查函数
'''
def limit_check(self, context, resources, values, project_id=None):
"""Check simple quota limits.
For limits--those quotas for which there is no usage
synchronization function--this method checks that a set of
proposed values are permitted by the limit restriction.
This method will raise a QuotaResourceUnknown exception if a
given resource is unknown or if it is not a simple limit
resource.
If any of the proposed values is over the defined quota, an
OverQuota exception will be raised with the sorted list of the
resources which are too high. Otherwise, the method returns
nothing.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
:param values: A dictionary of the values to check against the
quota.
:param project_id: Specify the project_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user's tenant.
"""
# Ensure no value is less than zero
unders = [key for key, val in values.items() if val < 0]
if unders:
raise exception.InvalidQuotaValue(unders=sorted(unders))
# If project_id is None, then we use the project_id in context
if project_id is None:
project_id = context.project_id
# Get the applicable quotas
quotas = self._get_quotas(context, resources, values.keys(),
has_sync=False, project_id=project_id)
# Check the quotas and construct a list of the resources that
# would be put over limit by the desired values
overs = [key for key, val in values.items()
if quotas[key] >= 0 and quotas[key] < val]
if overs:
raise exception.OverQuota(overs=sorted(overs), quotas=quotas,
usages={})
def reserve(self, context, resources, deltas, expire=None,
project_id=None):
"""Check quotas and reserve resources.
For counting quotas--those quotas for which there is a usage
synchronization function--this method checks quotas against
current usage and the desired deltas.
This method will raise a QuotaResourceUnknown exception if a
given resource is unknown or if it does not have a usage
synchronization function.
If any of the proposed values is over the defined quota, an
OverQuota exception will be raised with the sorted list of the
resources which are too high. Otherwise, the method returns a
list of reservation UUIDs which were created.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param resources: A dictionary of the registered resources.
:param deltas: A dictionary of the proposed delta changes.
:param expire: An optional parameter specifying an expiration
time for the reservations. If it is a simple
number, it is interpreted as a number of
seconds and added to the current time; if it is
a datetime.timedelta object, it will also be
added to the current time. A datetime.datetime
object will be interpreted as the absolute
expiration time. If None is specified, the
default expiration time set by
--default-reservation-expire will be used (this
value will be treated as a number of seconds).
:param project_id: Specify the project_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user's tenant.
"""
# Set up the reservation expiration
if expire is None:
expire = CONF.reservation_expire
if isinstance(expire, (int, long)):
expire = datetime.timedelta(seconds=expire)
if isinstance(expire, datetime.timedelta):
expire = timeutils.utcnow() + expire
if not isinstance(expire, datetime.datetime):
raise exception.InvalidReservationExpiration(expire=expire)
# If project_id is None, then we use the project_id in context
if project_id is None:
project_id = context.project_id
# Get the applicable quotas.
# NOTE(Vek): We're not worried about races at this point.
# Yes, the admin may be in the process of reducing
# quotas, but that's a pretty rare thing.
quotas = self._get_quotas(context, resources, deltas.keys(),
has_sync=True, project_id=project_id)
# NOTE(Vek): Most of the work here has to be done in the DB
# API, because we have to do it in a transaction,
# which means access to the session. Since the
# session isn't available outside the DBAPI, we
# have to do the work there.
return db.quota_reserve(context, resources, quotas, deltas, expire,
CONF.until_refresh, CONF.max_age,
project_id=project_id)
'''
提交确认函数
'''
def commit(self, context, reservations, project_id=None):
"""Commit reservations.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param reservations: A list of the reservation UUIDs, as
returned by the reserve() method.
:param project_id: Specify the project_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user's tenant.
"""
# If project_id is None, then we use the project_id in context
if project_id is None:
project_id = context.project_id
db.reservation_commit(context, reservations, project_id=project_id)
#回滚函数
def rollback(self, context, reservations, project_id=None):
"""Roll back reservations.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param reservations: A list of the reservation UUIDs, as
returned by the reserve() method.
:param project_id: Specify the project_id if current context
is admin and admin wants to impact on
common user's tenant.
"""
# If project_id is None, then we use the project_id in context
if project_id is None:
project_id = context.project_id
db.reservation_rollback(context, reservations, project_id=project_id)
#删除tenant的配额，即执行cinder quota-delete的操作，恢复到默认值
def destroy_all_by_project(self, context, project_id):
"""Destroy all that is associated with a project.
This includes quotas, usages and reservations.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
:param project_id: The ID of the project being deleted.
"""
db.quota_destroy_all_by_project(context, project_id)
#保留过期的cinder
def expire(self, context):
"""Expire reservations.
Explores all currently existing reservations and rolls back
any that have expired.
:param context: The request context, for access checks.
"""
db.reservation_expire(context)
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