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[经验分享] ansible安装及配置使用

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发表于 2018-7-30 13:15:48 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  http://blog.chinaunix.net/xmlrpc.php?r=blog/index&uid=29253247&cid=191299&pattern=list&page=1
  http://docs.ansible.com/
  http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/1435415    https://github.com/dl528888/ansible-examples
  http://blog.csdn.net/smallfish1983/article/details/37812435
  http://outofmemory.cn/wr/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.ansible.com%2Fintro_inventory.html
  https://github.com/ansible
  http://www.shencan.net
  http://467754239.blog.51cto.com/4878013/1536193
  http://breezey.blog.51cto.com/2400275/1555530  晏维
  puppet与salt这2个软件都需要安装客户端,并且更新很快,每次更新都是令人蛋疼的事,尤其是salt,喜欢他的命令功能,但bug太多,不敢在公司线上使用,puppet虽然稳定,但弄命令执行的时候,需要mco配置,ansible自动化软件,他既有命令执行也有配置管理,关键开发它的语言是python,paramiko进行ssh连接,不需要安装客户端。
  一、安装
  1、安装第三方epel源
  centos 5的epel
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm  centos 6的epel
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm  查看系统版本
  cat /etc/issue
  2、安装ansible
yum install ansible  如果需要自定义module或者想阅读源码、使用最新版本,可以去github里下载源码
git clone https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git  3. 查看ansible在哪里
  whereis ansible
  ansible: /usr/bin/ansible /etc/ansible /usr/share/ansible /usr/share/man/man1/ansible.1.gz
  4. ssh密钥
  # useradd ansible -s /bin/bash -m     //服务端客户端都创建用户ansible
  # su - ansible                     //服务端生成ssh-key 并分发到所有客户端
  $ ssh-keygen -t ras                //一直回车键到完成
  $ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ansible@192.168.0.10//也可scp等熟悉的方法拷贝过去
  $ cp  ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub  ~/.ssh/authorized_keys     //服务器本机测试用
  $ ssh -p 2221 ansible@192.168.24.15    //测试ssh可否
  5. 进行相关配置,添加主机
17:22:08 # cd /etc/ansible/  
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
  
17:23:27 # ll
  
total 12
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5113 Dec 29 03:00 ansible.cfg
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  965 Dec 29 03:00 hosts
  
其中ansible.cfg是配置文件,hosts是管理主机信息
  
17:24:44 # cat hosts
  
[localhost]
  

  
127.0.0.1
  
172.17.0.10
  
[zabbix]
  
172.17.0.2:49154
  
172.17.0.4:49155
  
[***]
  
172.17.0.10
   #vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
[defaults]  
# some basic default values...
  
hostfile       = /etc/ansible/hosts
  
library        = /usr/share/ansible
  
remote_tmp     = $HOME/.ansible/tmp
  
pattern        = *
  
forks          = 5
  
poll_interval  = 15
  
sudo_user      = test
  
#ask_sudo_pass = True
  
#ask_pass      = True
  
transport      = smart
  
remote_port    = 22
  #vim /etc/sudoers
test ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL     //设置sudo  6、使用密码登陆
  ansible支持正则测试
16:20:57 # ansible 127.0.0.1 -m ping  
SSH password:
  
127.0.0.1 | success >> {
  
    "changed": false,
  
    "ping": "pong"
  
}
  

  
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
  
16:21:05 # ansible all -m ping
  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.5 | success >> {
  
    "changed": false,
  
    "ping": "pong"
  
}
  

  
172.17.0.4 | success >> {
  
    "changed": false,
  
    "ping": "pong"
  
}
  如果你有多台服务器的话,想并发运行,可以使用-f参数,默认是并发5
  7、使用密钥登陆测试
11:30:35 # ansible *** -m shell -a "echo hello world" -u test --private-key=denglei -K  
SSH password:
  
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
hello world
  8. 模块相关命令
  ansible <pattern_goes_here> -m<module_name> -a <arguments>
  选项
  -i 设备列表路径,可制定一些动态路径
  -f 并行任务数
  –private-key 私钥路径
  -m 模块名
  -M 模块夹在路径
  -a 参数
  -k 登陆密码
  -K sudo密码
  -t 输出结果保存路径
  -B 后台运行超时时间
  -P 调查后台程序时间
  -u 执行用户
  -U sudo用户
  -l 限制设备范围
  -s是此用户sudo无需输入密码
  9.体验命令操作
  (1)用户类操作
  $ ansible webtest -m group -a"name=jjgame state=present" -s
  $ ansible webtest -m user -a"name=utest groups=jjgame state=present" -s
  $ ansible webtest -m user -a"name=utest state=absent remove=yes" -s
  (2)服务安装管理
  $ ansible local -a 'sudo apt-get -y installnginx'
  $ ansible local -a "sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop"
  $ ansible local -a "sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start"
  $ ansible webtest -m service -a "name=nginx state=running" -s
  (3)其他测试过的
  $ ansible datacenter -a 'ls -l /root' -s
  $ ansible datacenter -a 'mv /root/old.tar.gz /root/new.tar.gz' -s
  $ ansible datacenter -m file -a'path=/root/new.tar.gz' -s    //查看文件属性
  $ ansible datacenter -a 'rm -rf /root/directory' -s    //删除目录
  $ ansible all -m command -a "/bin/echo hello world " --ask-pass
  $ ansible all -m ping --ask-pass -u root
  $ ansible all -m script -a "/root/hequan/shell/t.sh" -k
  $ ansible all -m copy -a "src=/root/hequan/shell/t.sh dest=/tmp/ mode=755 owner=rootgroup=root" -k -u root
  $ ansible all -m file -a"dest=/tmp/t.sh mode=755 owner=root group=root" -k -u root
  $ ansible all -i /etc/ansible/serverlist -m shell -a "/tmp/t.sh" -k -u root
  $ ansible webtest -m get_url -a "url=http://192.168.0.8/sa/sh.tar.gz dest=/tmp/" -s
  $ ansible webtest -a "sudo tar zxvf/tmp/sh.tar.gz -C /tmp/" -s  //不指定解压目录,会解压到/home/ansible目录下
  $ ansible webtest -a "sudo /tmp/lansa_sh/t.sh" –s
  # ansible all -m get_url -a "url=http://192.168.24.14/sa.tar.gz dest=/tmp/" -k   # 下载
  # ansible all -a 'md5sum /tmp/sa.tar.gz' -k   # md5校验
  # ansible all -m raw -a 'ls -l /tmp |grepsa' -k     # 查看下载文件,注意 raw
  # ansible all -m raw -a 'chmod +x/tmp/sa/*.sh' -k  # 赋予执行权限对*.sh文件或以下单文件:
  # ansible all -m file -a "path=/tmp/sa/game_os.sh owner=root group=root mode=0755" -k
  # ansible all -a '/tmp/sa/os.sh' -k       # 执行脚本,注意脚本中必须使用绝对路径
  http://docs.ansible.com/modules.html 这里也有一堆模块 没事的自己去看吧
  不想看那里的,那就看这里的吧
  ansible-doc   -l
  太多了 想看详细用法 那就这样吧 (比如只看yum的)
  ansible-doc   -s  yum
  如果想自定义的话  看这里 , 呵呵
  ansible叫playbook 这个东西 (就是saltstack的state东西)可以查看源码。
  给个源码的地址  https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/a/ansible/ansible-1.2.3.tar.gz
DSC0000.jpg

  二、模块应用
  6、文件传输
11:30:44 # ansible *** -m copy -a "src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K  
SSH password:
  
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
  
172.17.0.10 | success >> {
  
    "changed": true,
  
    "dest": "/tmp/server",
  
    "gid": 505,
  
    "group": "test",
  
    "md5sum": "e8b32bc4d7b564ac6075a1418ad8841e",
  
    "mode": "0664",
  
    "owner": "test",
  
    "size": 7,
  
    "src": "/home/test/.ansible/tmp/ansible-1402630447.45-253524136818424/source",
  
    "state": "file",
  
    "uid": 503
  
}
  去客户端查看文件是否传输过来
11:34:57 # ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=denglei -K  
SSH password:
  
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 76
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  3124 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.pid
  可以看到已经传过来了
  看看文件内容,内容正常
11:35:09 # ansible *** -m shell -a "cat /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K  
SSH password:
  
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
server
  7. 模块file,可以修改用户与权限
  下面是当前文件状态
13:50:07 # ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K  
SSH password:
  
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
  server文件是664权限,用户与组都是test
  修改一下
13:51:17 # ansible *** -m file -a "dest=/tmp/server mode=755 owner=root group=root" -u test --private-key=denglei -K  
SSH password:
  
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
  
172.17.0.10 | success >> {
  
    "changed": true,
  
    "gid": 0,
  
    "group": "root",
  
    "mode": "0755",
  
    "owner": "root",
  
    "path": "/tmp/server",
  
    "size": 7,
  
    "state": "file",
  
    "uid": 0
  
}
  

  
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
  
13:51:31 # ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
  
SSH password:
  
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
  7、安装软件
14:20:30 # ansible *** -m yum -a "name=nmap state=installed" -u test --private-key=denglei -K  
SSH password:
  
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
  
172.17.0.10 | success >> {
  
    "changed": true,
  
    "msg": "",
  
    "rc": 0,
  
    "results": [
  
        "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn\nSetting up Install Process\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package        Arch             Version                   Repository      Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nmap           x86_64           2:5.51-3.el6              Base           2.7 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall       1 Package(s)\n\nTotal download size: 2.7 M\nInstalled size: 9.7 M\nDownloading Packages:\nRunning rpm_check_debug\nRunning Transaction Test\nTransaction Test Succeeded\nRunning Transaction\n\r  Installing : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64                                     1/1 \n\r  Verifying  : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64                                     1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n  nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6                                                      \n\nComplete!\n"
  
    ]
  
}
  三、playbook配置管理
  8、playbook
  A.进行一下shell模块操作,测试删除文件
  先查看一下客户端的server-test是否存在
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  

  
SSH password:
  

  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  

  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 00:37 /tmp/server-test
  可以看到是存在的
  然后写一个删除的playbook
[root@puppet ansible]# cat test.yml  
---
  
- hosts: ***
  
  remote_user: test
  
  tasks:
  
  - name: delete /tmp/server-test
  
    shell: rm -rf /tmp/server-test
  运行
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook test.yml  --private-key=/root/denglei -k  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [delete /tmp/server-test] ***********************************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  在进行查看,发现文件已经删除
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
  
ls: cannot access /tmp/server-test: No such file or directory
  B.进行一下template模块操作,测试文件传输
[root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml  
---
  
- hosts: ***
  
  remote_user: test
  
  tasks:
  
  - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
  
    template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server-test
  
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml  --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] **************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  

  
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 /tmp/server-test
  C.使用service模块,测试一下服务重启
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  -K -s  
SSH password:
  
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
Shutting down pptpd:                                       [  OK  ]
  
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  -K -s
  
SSH password:
  
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
Shutting down pptpd:                                       [  OK  ]
  D.多项目同时更新
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 84
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
  

  
[root@puppet ansible]# vim multi_copy.yml
  
[root@puppet ansible]# cat multi_copy.yml
  
---
  
- hosts: ***
  
  remote_user: test
  
  gather_facts: False
  
  tasks:
  
  - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
  
    template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-`item`
  
    with_items:
  
      - server-1
  
      - server-2
  
      - server-3
  
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook multi_copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] **************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
  
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
  
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=1    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  

  
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 96
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
  E.根据条件进行删除
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 96
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
  

  
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete.yml
  
---
  
- hosts: ***
  
  remote_user: test
  
  gather_facts: True
  
  tasks:
  
  - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
  
    shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
  
    when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
  

  
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  

  
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 92
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
  F.debug输出
[root@puppet ansible]# cat debug.yml  
---
  
- hosts: ***
  
  remote_user: test
  
  gather_facts: True
  
  tasks:
  
  - name: debug to print interface
  
    debug: msg="`item`"
  
    with_items: ansible_default_ipv4.address
  
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook debug.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [debug to print interface] **********************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=10.10.32.34) => {
  
    "item": "10.10.32.34",
  
    "msg": "10.10.32.34"
  
}
  G.check模式,仅检测,但不进行执行
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 92
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
  

  
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --check
  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] **************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
  
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
  
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0
  H.diff
  使用diff与不使用作对比,使用diff可以看到详细变化情况
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "rm -rf  /tmp/test-server-1" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  

  

  
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 92
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
  

  
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --diff
  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  

  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] **************************
  
--- before
  
+++ after
  
@@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
  
+server
  

  
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
  

  
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
  

  
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  9、主机信息查看
  类似puppet的fact、salt的grains,数据太多,我就展示部分。
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m setup -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success >> {
  
    "ansible_facts": {
  
        "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
  
            "10.10.32.34",
  
            "10.10.32.34"
  
        ],
  
        "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
  
            "fe80::f816:3eff:fe3e:1667"
  
        ],
  
        "ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
  
        "ansible_bios_date": "01/01/2007",
  
        "ansible_bios_version": "Bochs",
  
        "ansible_cmdline": {
  
            "KEYBOARDTYPE": "pc",
  
            "KEYTABLE": "us",
  
            "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",
  
            "quiet": true,
  
            "rd_NO_DM": true,
  
            "rd_NO_LUKS": true,
  
            "rd_NO_LVM": true,
  
            "rd_NO_MD": true,
  
            "rhgb": true,
  
            "ro": true,
  
            "root": "UUID=c6042d42-8edb-4bb4-a31b-2197b043500c"
  
        },
  10、优化ansible-playbook运行时间
  默认playbook是进行客户端fact搜集,一般如果你配置里没有使用fact,可以关闭这样就能减少运行时间
  A: 没有优化的时候
[root@puppet ansible]# cat shell.yml  
---
  
- hosts: ***
  
  remote_user: test
  
#  gather_facts: False
  
  tasks:
  
  - name: echo hi
  
    shell: echo "hi"
  
[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [echo hi] ***************************************************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  

  

  
real    0m8.396s
  
user    0m0.796s
  
sys 0m0.158s
  

  
[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [echo hi] ***************************************************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  

  

  
real    0m3.409s
  
user    0m0.716s
  
sys 0m0.099s
  可以看到第一次8s,后1次都是3s
  B: 下面是优化后(未使用fact)
[root@puppet ansible]# cat shell.yml  
---
  
- hosts: ***
  
  remote_user: test
  
  gather_facts: False
  
  tasks:
  
  - name: echo hi
  
    shell: echo "hi"
  
[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
TASK: [echo hi] ***************************************************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=1    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  

  

  
real    0m2.758s
  
user    0m0.585s
  
sys 0m0.096s
  
[root@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
TASK: [echo hi] ***************************************************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=1    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  

  

  
real    0m2.359s
  
user    0m0.565s
  
sys 0m0.077s
  运行时间就是2s
  11、自定义模块
  默认的模块放到/usr/share/ansible
  在这个目录创建一个目录hostname,然后把下面文件放到此目录
15:03:26 # cat /usr/share/ansible/hostname/hostname  
#!/bin/bash
  
#This script is modify system hostname
  
set -e
  
# This is potentially dangerous
  
source ${1}
  
OLDHOSTNAME="$(hostname)"
  
CHANGED="False"
  
if [ ! -z "$hostname" -a "${hostname}x" != "${OLDHOSTNAME}x" ];
  
then
  
hostname $hostname
  
OLDHOSTNAME="$hostname"
  
CHANGED="True"
  
fi
  
echo "hostname=${OLDHOSTNAME} changed=${CHANGED}"
  
exit 0
  查看一下***的当前hostname
15:03:29 # ansible *** -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -k  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
ip-10-10-32-34
  然后编写playbook
15:04:14 # cat /etc/ansible/hostname.yml  
- name: Test the hostname file
  
  hosts: ***
  
  tasks:
  
    - name: Set the hostname
  
      hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34
  运行这个模块, -M用于指定模块的文件路径
15:04:37 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [Test the hostname file] *************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [Set the hostname] ******************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0
  然后修改一下hostname.yml的主机名
16:20:00 # cat hostname.yml  
- name: Test the hostname file
  
  hosts: ***
  
  tasks:
  
    - name: Set the hostname
  
      hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34-test
  在playbook运行这个模块
16:26:46 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k -K -s  
SSH password:
  
sudo password [defaults to SSH password]:
  

  
PLAY [Test the hostname file] *************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [Set the hostname] ******************************************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  

  
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
  
16:26:55 # ansible *** -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -k
  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
ip-10-10-32-34-test
  12、playbook扩展var
  扩展var就是在playbook的yml里写入变量,在执行的时候制定变量从而执行,大大的提供了重复使用率
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 96
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 01:44 test-server-1
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
  可以看到有test-server-1文件
  在看看playbook文件内容
root@puppet ansible]  
# cat delete_vars.yml
  
---
  
- hosts: `host`
  
  remote_user: `user`
  
  gather_facts: `gather`
  
  tasks:
  
  - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
  
    shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
  
    when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
  执行前先检测一下语法是否有问题,使用--syntax-check
[root@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
ERROR: Syntax Error while loading YAML script, delete_vars.yml
  
Note: The error may actually appear before this position: line 2, column 11
  

  
---
  
- hosts: `host`
  
          ^
  
This one looks easy to fix.  YAML thought it was looking for the start of a
  
hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{".  Most likely this was
  
meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the
  
parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to
  
just quote the entire value.
  

  
For instance, if the original line was:
  

  
    app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo
  

  
It should be written as:
  

  
    app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"
  

  
We could be wrong, but this one looks like it might be an issue with
  
missing quotes.  Always quote template expression brackets when they
  
start a value. For instance:
  

  
    with_items:
  
      - {{ foo }}
  

  
Should be written as:
  

  
    with_items:
  
      - "{{ foo }}"
  

  

  
This one looks easy to fix.  YAML thought it was looking for the start of a
  
hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{".  Most likely this was
  
meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the
  
parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to
  
just quote the entire value.
  

  
For instance, if the original line was:
  

  
    app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo
  

  
It should be written as:
  

  
    app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"
  可以看到有问题
  解决方法是把var的变量前后添加""或者''
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml  
---
  
- hosts: "`host`"
  
  remote_user: "`user`"
  
  gather_facts: "`gather`"
  
  tasks:
  
  - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
  
    shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
  
    when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
  然后再检测一下
[root@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  

  
playbook: delete_vars.yml
  没有问题了,现在运行一下
[root@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=False" -k  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************
  
fatal: [172.17.0.10] => error while evaluating conditional: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
  

  
FATAL: all hosts have already failed -- aborting
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
           to retry, use: --limit @/root/delete_vars.retry
  

  
172.17.0.10             : ok=0    changed=0    unreachable=1    failed=0
  无法运行,原因是我yml里制定了获取fact信息后,判断如果是redhat系列系统才删除,
  而我在运行的指定不收集fact,
  下面在指定收集fact
[root@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=True" -k  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  可以看到发现运行成功了,文件已经删除了。
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 92
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
  13、tags
  A:  使用tag可以让playbook选择性的运行程序
  查看一下客户端情况
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 92
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
  带有tag的yml文件
[root@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars_tags.yml  
---
  
- hosts: "`host`"
  
  remote_user: "`user`"
  
  gather_facts: "`gather`"
  
  tasks:
  
  - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
  
    shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
  
    when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
  
    tags: server-1
  
  - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2
  
    shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-2
  
    when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
  
    tags: server-2
  做一下错误检测--syntax-check
[root@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k --syntax-check  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  

  
playbook: delete_vars_tags.yml
  没问题在运行
[root@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  查看一下客户端的文件情况
[root@puppet ansible]#  ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 88
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
  从上面测试可以看到,如果playbook使用了tag,并且在运行中指定tag,那么运行时候仅允许此tag的信息
  B: 下面是测试运行时候不带tag的情况
  先创建文件
[root@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml  
---
  
- hosts: ***
  
  remote_user: test
  
  tasks:
  
  - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
  
    template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-`item`
  
    with_items:
  
      - server-1
  
      - server-2
  
      - server-3
  
[root@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei  -k
  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] **************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1)
  
changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2)
  
ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3)
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0
  

  
[root@puppet ansible]#  ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 96
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-1
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-2
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
  然后再不指定tag运行,可以看到如果不知道tag,那么运行的时候,会全部运行。
[root@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=*** user=test gather=True"  -k  
[WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
  
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
  
it (ie. yum update gmp).
  

  
SSH password:
  

  
PLAY [***] ********************************************************************
  

  
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
  
ok: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************
  
changed: [172.17.0.10]
  

  
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
  
172.17.0.10             : ok=3    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0
  

  
[root@puppet ansible]#  ansible *** -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
  
total 88
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_***.sh
  
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
  
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 ***_centos6.sh
  
-rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
  
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
  常见出现错误问题:
  1、出现Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!
SSH password:  
172.17.0.4 | FAILED >> {
  
    "failed": true,
  
    "msg": "Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!",
  
    "parsed": false
  
}
  原因是python版本过低,要不升级python要不就安装python-simplejson
  安装完成后,在查看
SSH password:  
172.17.0.4 | success >> {
  
    "changed": false,
  
    "ping": "pong"
  
}
  2、默认ansible是使用key验证的,如果使用密码登陆的服务器,使用ansible的话,要不修改ansible.cfg配置文件的ask_pass      = True给取消注释,要不就在运行命令时候加上-k,这个意思是-k, --ask-pass        ask for SSH password
  3、如果客户端不在know_hosts里将会报错
paramiko: The authenticity of host '172.17.0.5' can't be established.  
The ssh-rsa key fingerprint is 397c139fd4b0d763fcffaee346a4bf6b.
  
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
  如果想解决此问题,需要修改ansible.cfg的#host_key_checking = False取消注释。
  4、如果出现
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei  
172.17.0.2 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file
  
172.17.0.4 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file
  需要你在最后添加参数-k
[root@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei -k  
SSH password:
  
172.17.0.2 | success | rc=0 >>
  
xterm
  

  
172.17.0.4 | success | rc=0 >>
  
xterm
  转载:http://dl528888.blog.51cto.com/2382721/1435415

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