apache 自带 ab.exe 性能测试工具使用

huazhi

ab的全称是ApacheBench，是Apache附带的一个小工具，专门用于 HTTP Server 的benchmark testing，能够同时模拟多个并发请求。前段时间看到公司的研发人员也在用他作一些测试，看起来也不错，很简单，也很容易使用，所以今天花一点时间看了一下。
通过下面的一个简单的例子和注释，相信大家能够更容易理解这个工具的使用。
一个简单的例子
/*在这个例子的一开始，我执行了这样一个命令 ab -n 10 -c 10 http://www.google.com/。这个命令的意思是启动 ab ，向 www.google.com 发送10个请求(-n 10) ，并每次发送10个请求(-c 10)——也就是说一次都发过去了。
ab -t 60 -c 100 http://www.google.com/ 的意思是在60秒内发请求，一次100个请求。
//如果需要在url中带参数，这样做
ab -t 60 -c 100 -T "text/plain" -p p.txt http://127.0.0.1/hello.php
p.txt 是和ab.exe在一个目录
p.txt 中可以写参数，如  p=wdp&fq=78


跟着下面的是 ab 输出的测试报告，红色部分是我添加的注释。*/
C:\Apache2.2\bin>ab -n 10 -c 10 http://www.google.com/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.0.40-dev  apache-2.0
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Copyright 1997-2005 TheApacheSoftware Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking www.google.com (be patient).....done
Server Software:       GWS/2.1
Server Hostname:       www.google.com
Server Port:              80
Document Path:          /
Document Length:       230 bytes
Concurrency Level:        10
/*整个测试持续的时间*/
Time taken for tests:     3.234651 seconds
/*完成的请求数量*/
Complete requests:        10
/*失败的请求数量*/
Failed requests:       0
Write errors:          0
Non-2xx responses:        10
Keep-Alive requests:    10
/*整个场景中的网络传输量*/
Total transferred:        6020 bytes
/*整个场景中的HTML内容传输量*/
HTML transferred:       2300 bytes
/*大家最关心的指标之一，相当于 LR 中的每秒事务数，后面括号中的 mean 表示这是个平均值*/
Requests per second:    3.09 [#/sec] (mean)
/*大家最关心的指标之二，相当于 LR 中的平均事务响应时间，后面括号中的 mean 表示这是个平均值*/
Time per request:       3234.651 [ms] (mean)
/*这个还不知道是什么意思，有知道的朋友请留言，谢谢 ^_^ */
Time per request:       323.465 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
/*平均每秒网络上的流量，能够帮助排除是否存在网络流量过大导致响应时间延长的问题*/
Transfer rate:          1.55 [Kbytes/sec] received
/*网络上消耗的时间的分解，各项数据的具体算法还不是很清楚*/
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median     max
Connect:       20 318 926.1    30    2954
Processing:    40 2160 1462.0     3034    3154
Waiting:       40 2160 1462.0     3034    3154
Total:           60 2479 1276.4     3064    3184
/*下面的内容为整个场景中任何请求的响应情况。在场景中每个请求都有一个响应时间，其中 50％的用户响应时间小于 3064 毫秒，60 ％的用户响应时间小于 3094 毫秒，最大的响应时间小于 3184 毫秒*/
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50%     3064
66%     3094
75%     3124
80%     3154
90%     3184
95%     3184
98%     3184
99%     3184
100%     3184 (longest request)
更多信息
ab 不像 LR 那么强大，但是他足够轻便，假如只是在研发过程中想检查一下某个模块的响应情况，或做一些场景比较简单的测试，ab 还是个不错的选择——至少不用花费很多时间去学习 LR 那些复杂的功能，就更别说那 License 的价格了。
下面是 ab 的周详参数解释，大家有兴趣的能够研究一下。
ab[ -Aauth-username:password ] [ -cconcurrency ] [ -Ccookie-name=value ] [-d ] [ -ecsv-file ] [ -ggnuplot-file ] [ -h ] [ -Hcustom-header ] [ -i ][ -k ] [ -nrequests ] [ -pPOST-file ] [ -Pproxy-auth-username:password ][ -q ] [ -s ] [ -S ] [ -ttimelimit ] [ -Tcontent-type ] [ -vverbosity] [-V ] [ -w ] [ -x-attributes ] [ -Xproxy[:port] ] [ -y-attributes ] [ -z-attributes ] [http://]hostname[:port]/path
-A auth-username:password
SupplyBASIC Authentication credentials to the server. The username and password are separated by a single : and sent on the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the server needs it (i.e., has sent an 401 authentication needed).
-c concurrency
Number of multiple requests to perform. at a time. Default is one request at a time.
-C cookie-name=value
Add a Cookie: line to the request. The argument is typically in the form. of a name=value pair. This field is repeatable.
-d
Do not display the "percentage served within XX [ms] table". (legacy support).
-e csv-file
Writea Comma separated value (CSV) file which contains for each percentage (from 1% to 100%) the time (in milliseconds) it took to serve that percentage of the requests. This is usually more useful than the 'gnuplot' file; as the results are already 'binned'.
-g gnuplot-file
Writeall measured values out as a 'gnuplot' or TSV (Tab separate values) file. This file can easily be imported into packages like Gnuplot, IDL, Mathematica, Igor or even Excel. The labels are on the first line of thefile.
-h
Display usage information.
-H custom-header
Appendextra headers to the request. The argument is typically in the form. ofa valid header line, containing a colon-separated field-value pair (i.e., "Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit").
-i
Do HEAD requests instead of GET.
-k
Enable the HTTP KeepAlive feature, i.e., perform. multiple requests within one HTTP session. Default is no KeepAlive.
-n requests
Numberof requests to perform. for the benchmarking session. The default is tojust perform. a single request which usually leads to non-representative benchmarking results.
-p POST-file
File containing data to POST.
-P proxy-auth-username:password
SupplyBASIC Authentication credentials to a proxy en-route. The username and password are separated by a single : and sent on the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the proxy needs it (i.e., has sent an 407 proxy authentication needed).
-q
When processing more than 150 requests, ab outputs a progress count on stderrevery 10% or 100 requests or so. The -q flag will suppress these messages.
-s
When compiled in (ab -h will show you) use the SSL protected https rather than the http protocol. This feature is experimental and very rudimentary. You probably do not want to use it.
-S
Donot display the median and standard deviation values, nor display the warning/error messages when the average and median are more than one or two times the standard deviation apart. And default to the min/avg/max values. (legacy support).
-t timelimit
ab用法：

http://blog.csdn.net/riyao/article/details/3547997