Linux下的Cacti网络管理系统---案例1远程监控
环境介绍安装cacti的监控机A,ip为 192.168.0.16
安装snmp的被监控机B,ip为 192.168.0.17
系统为centos 4/5
被监控B机安装snmp
net-snmp 安装参考
修改B机snmp配置，充许外部访问
自带的snmp配置文件在/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf;
编译安装的snmp配置文件在/usr/local/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf;
vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
[*]com2sec local localhost privatepass #安装教程中配置的本机访问要权限
[*]com2sec mynetwork 192.168.0.16 privatepass #新增的外部访问权限，192.168.0.16为监控机ip,privatepass 为安全码可以和local不同
[*]
[*]group MyROGroup v1 local
[*]group MyROGroup v2c local
[*]group MyROGroupnet v1 mynetwork #新增
[*]group MyROGroupnet v2c mynetwork #新增
[*]
[*]
[*]view mib2 included.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2 fc
[*]view all included.1 80 #新增
[*]
[*]
[*]access MyROGroup ""anynoauthexactmib2nonenone
[*]access MyROGroupnet "" any noauth exactall none none #新增
[*]
[*]
[*]#以下为访问项目，如果想监控磁盘空间，load等需把注释去掉
[*]#编译安装默认已去掉，自带安装的需手动把注释去掉
[*]
[*]#Make sure mountd is running
[*]proc mountd #去掉前面的"#"
[*]
[*]#Make sure there are no more than 4 ntalkds running, but 0 is ok too.
[*]proc ntalkd 4
[*]
[*]#Make sure at least one sendmail, but less than or equal to 10 are running.
[*]proc sendmail 10 1
[*]
[*]# Check the / partition and make sure it contains at least 10 megs.
[*]
[*]disk / 10000
[*]
[*]# Check for loads:
[*]load 12 14 14
重启snmpd服务
#/etc/init.d/snmpd restart
或
#killall -9 snmpd
#/usr/local/sbin/snmpd
iptables规则
假如B机开启了iptables并且INPUT默认策略为DROP
在第一条插入充许192.168.0.16(监控机)以udp协议访问snmpd默认161端口的规则
[*]/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p udp -m udp -s 192.168.0.16 --dport 161 -j ACCEPT
保存一下,防止重启服务后失效
[*]/etc/init.d/iptables save
测试snmp
在A机上先看下系统信息
#snmpwalk -v 2c -c privatepass 192.168.0.17 system
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Linux touareg 2.6.18-128.el5 #1 SMP Wed Jan 21 10:41:14 EST 2009 x86_64
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0 = OID: NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmpAgentOIDs.10
[*]DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (59664) 0:09:56.64
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysContact.0 = STRING: Root <root@localhost> (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: touareg
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysLocation.0 = STRING: Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORLastChange.0 = Timeticks: (7) 0:00:00.07
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.1 = OID: SNMPv2-MIB::snmpMIB
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.2 = OID: TCP-MIB::tcpMIB
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.3 = OID: IP-MIB::ip
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.4 = OID: UDP-MIB::udpMIB
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.5 = OID: SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmBasicGroup
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.6 = OID: SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB::snmpFrameworkMIBCompliance
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.7 = OID: SNMP-MPD-MIB::snmpMPDCompliance
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.8 = OID: SNMP-USER-BASED-SM-MIB::usmMIBCompliance
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.1 = STRING: The MIB module for SNMPv2 entities
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.2 = STRING: The MIB module for managing TCP implementations
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.3 = STRING: The MIB module for managing IP and ICMP implementations
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.4 = STRING: The MIB module for managing UDP implementations
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.5 = STRING: View-based Access Control Model for SNMP.
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.6 = STRING: The SNMP Management Architecture MIB.
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.7 = STRING: The MIB for Message Processing and Dispatching.
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.8 = STRING: The management information definitions for the SNMP User-based Security Model.
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.1 = Timeticks: (6) 0:00:00.06
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.2 = Timeticks: (6) 0:00:00.06
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.3 = Timeticks: (6) 0:00:00.06
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.4 = Timeticks: (6) 0:00:00.06
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.5 = Timeticks: (6) 0:00:00.06
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.6 = Timeticks: (7) 0:00:00.07
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.7 = Timeticks: (7) 0:00:00.07
[*]SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.8 = Timeticks: (7) 0:00:00.07
没有问题，再看下磁盘信息
#snmpwalk -v 2c -c privatepass 192.168.0.17 .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskIndex.1 = INTEGER: 1
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPath.1 = STRING: /
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.1 = STRING: /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinimum.1 = INTEGER: 10000
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinPercent.1 = INTEGER: -1
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskTotal.1 = INTEGER: 44628400
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskAvail.1 = INTEGER: 22383404
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskUsed.1 = INTEGER: 19941408
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPercent.1 = INTEGER: 47
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPercentNode.1 = INTEGER: 1
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskErrorFlag.1 = INTEGER: noError(0)
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskErrorMsg.1 = STRING:
出现下面这个信息，你需要检查下A机snmpd.conf中“disk / 10000”前的注释有无去掉。
[*]UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskTable = No Such Object available on this agent at this OID
“.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9″代表磁盘
“.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10″代表load,可以参考snmpd.conf中的注释
监控机cacti增加监控设备
Console -> Devices->add
在设置页面配置
Description:touareg
Hostname:192.168.0.17
Host Template:ucd/net SNMP Host
Downed Device Detection:Ping and SNMP
SNMP Version:预定义的设置
保存后在页面左上角可以看到调试信息
touareg (192.168.0.17)
SNMP Information
System:Linux touareg 2.6.18-128.el5 #1 SMP Wed Jan 21 10:41:14 EST 2009
x86_64
Uptime: 38790 (0 days, 0 hours, 6 minutes)
Hostname: touareg
Location: Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)
Contact: Root root@localhost (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)
1) ucd/net – CPU Usage Not Being Graphed (cpu负载,system,user,nice)
2) ucd/net – Load Average Not Being Graphed (系统平均负载,1分钟,5分钟,15分钟)
3) ucd/net – Memory Usage Not Being Graphed (内存使用,free,buffers,cache)
1) SNMP – Interface Statistics (网卡流量,in,out)
2) ucd/net – Get Monitored Partitions (根分区,free,used)
Not Being Graphed 表示还末生成图像,创建图像后会变成Is Being Graphed
我们可以再添加一些更详细的监控
Host MIB – Processes 监控进程数量
Host MIB – Logged in Users 监控登录用户
SNMP – Get Mounted Partitions 更多分区大小,Memory Buffer,Real Memory,Swap Space
SNMP – Get Processor Information 每个cpu的负载
临控对像增加图表
左则New Graphs
在host中选择touareg
勾选右则后选择create,就完成了图表创建，真是很方便。
添加到Graph Trees
图表创建后在Graph Management里可以看到图表，但点击导航上方的”graphs”是看不到的，需要添加到graph trees中。
Console -> Graph Trees -> (Edit) -> Graph Tree Items
Tree Item Type:host
Host:touareg
创建后就可以在graph中看到了
参
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