Linux下的Cacti网络管理系统---案例1远程监控

zycchen

　　环境介绍
安装cacti的监控机A,ip为 192.168.0.16
安装snmp的被监控机B,ip为 192.168.0.17
系统为centos 4/5
　　被监控B机安装snmp
net-snmp 安装参考
　　修改B机snmp配置，充许外部访问
自带的snmp配置文件在/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf;
编译安装的snmp配置文件在/usr/local/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf;
vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

• com2sec local     localhost       privatepass #安装教程中配置的本机访问要权限
  
• com2sec mynetwork     192.168.0.16       privatepass #新增的外部访问权限，192.168.0.16为监控机ip,privatepass 为安全码可以和local不同
  
• 
  
• group MyROGroup v1 local
  
• group MyROGroup v2c local
  
• group MyROGroupnet v1         mynetwork #新增
  
• group MyROGroupnet v2c        mynetwork #新增
  
• 
  
• 
  
• view mib2   included  .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2 fc
  
• view all    included  .1                               80 #新增
  
• 
  
• 
  
• access MyROGroup ""anynoauthexactmib2nonenone
  
• access MyROGroupnet ""      any       noauth    exact  all    none   none #新增
  
• 
  
• 
  
• #以下为访问项目，如果想监控磁盘空间，load等需把注释去掉
  
• #编译安装默认已去掉，自带安装的需手动把注释去掉
  
• 
  
• #  Make sure mountd is running
  
• proc mountd #去掉前面的"#"
  
• 
  
• #  Make sure there are no more than 4 ntalkds running, but 0 is ok too.
  
• proc ntalkd 4
  
• 
  
• #  Make sure at least one sendmail, but less than or equal to 10 are running.
  
• proc sendmail 10 1
  
• 
  
• # Check the / partition and make sure it contains at least 10 megs.
  
• 
  
• disk / 10000
  
• 
  
• # Check for loads:
  
• load 12 14 14
  

　　重启snmpd服务
#/etc/init.d/snmpd restart
或
#killall -9 snmpd
#/usr/local/sbin/snmpd
　　iptables规则
假如B机开启了iptables并且INPUT默认策略为DROP
在第一条插入充许192.168.0.16(监控机)以udp协议访问snmpd默认161端口的规则

• /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p udp -m udp -s 192.168.0.16 --dport 161 -j ACCEPT
  

　　保存一下,防止重启服务后失效

• /etc/init.d/iptables save
  

　　测试snmp
在A机上先看下系统信息
#snmpwalk -v 2c -c privatepass 192.168.0.17 system

• SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Linux touareg 2.6.18-128.el5 #1 SMP Wed Jan 21 10:41:14 EST 2009 x86_64
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0 = OID: NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmpAgentOIDs.10
  
• DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (59664) 0:09:56.64
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysContact.0 = STRING: Root <root@localhost> (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: touareg
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysLocation.0 = STRING: Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORLastChange.0 = Timeticks: (7) 0:00:00.07
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.1 = OID: SNMPv2-MIB::snmpMIB
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.2 = OID: TCP-MIB::tcpMIB
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.3 = OID: IP-MIB::ip
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.4 = OID: UDP-MIB::udpMIB
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.5 = OID: SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmBasicGroup
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.6 = OID: SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB::snmpFrameworkMIBCompliance
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.7 = OID: SNMP-MPD-MIB::snmpMPDCompliance
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORID.8 = OID: SNMP-USER-BASED-SM-MIB::usmMIBCompliance
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.1 = STRING: The MIB module for SNMPv2 entities
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.2 = STRING: The MIB module for managing TCP implementations
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.3 = STRING: The MIB module for managing IP and ICMP implementations
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.4 = STRING: The MIB module for managing UDP implementations
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.5 = STRING: View-based Access Control Model for SNMP.
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.6 = STRING: The SNMP Management Architecture MIB.
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.7 = STRING: The MIB for Message Processing and Dispatching.
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORDescr.8 = STRING: The management information definitions for the SNMP User-based Security Model.
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.1 = Timeticks: (6) 0:00:00.06
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.2 = Timeticks: (6) 0:00:00.06
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.3 = Timeticks: (6) 0:00:00.06
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.4 = Timeticks: (6) 0:00:00.06
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.5 = Timeticks: (6) 0:00:00.06
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.6 = Timeticks: (7) 0:00:00.07
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.7 = Timeticks: (7) 0:00:00.07
  
• SNMPv2-MIB::sysORUpTime.8 = Timeticks: (7) 0:00:00.07
  

　　没有问题，再看下磁盘信息
#snmpwalk -v 2c -c privatepass 192.168.0.17 .1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9

• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskIndex.1 = INTEGER: 1
  
• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPath.1 = STRING: /
  
• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskDevice.1 = STRING: /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol01
  
• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinimum.1 = INTEGER: 10000
  
• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskMinPercent.1 = INTEGER: -1
  
• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskTotal.1 = INTEGER: 44628400
  
• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskAvail.1 = INTEGER: 22383404
  
• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskUsed.1 = INTEGER: 19941408
  
• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPercent.1 = INTEGER: 47
  
• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskPercentNode.1 = INTEGER: 1
  
• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskErrorFlag.1 = INTEGER: noError(0)
  
• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskErrorMsg.1 = STRING:
  

　　出现下面这个信息，你需要检查下A机snmpd.conf中“disk / 10000”前的注释有无去掉。

• UCD-SNMP-MIB::dskTable = No Such Object available on this agent at this OID
  

　　“.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.9&Prime;代表磁盘
“.1.3.6.1.4.1.2021.10&Prime;代表load,可以参考snmpd.conf中的注释
　　监控机cacti增加监控设备
Console -> Devices->add

在设置页面配置

　　Description:touareg
Hostname:192.168.0.17
Host Template:ucd/net SNMP Host
　　Downed Device Detection:Ping and SNMP
　　SNMP Version:预定义的设置

　　保存后在页面左上角可以看到调试信息
touareg (192.168.0.17)
SNMP Information
System:Linux touareg 2.6.18-128.el5 #1 SMP Wed Jan 21 10:41:14 EST 2009
x86_64
Uptime: 38790 (0 days, 0 hours, 6 minutes)
Hostname: touareg
Location: Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)
Contact: Root root@localhost (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)

　　1) ucd/net – CPU Usage Not Being Graphed (cpu负载,system,user,nice)
2) ucd/net – Load Average Not Being Graphed (系统平均负载,1分钟,5分钟,15分钟)
3) ucd/net – Memory Usage Not Being Graphed (内存使用,free,buffers,cache)
　　1) SNMP – Interface Statistics (网卡流量,in,out)
2) ucd/net – Get Monitored Partitions (根分区,free,used)
　　Not Being Graphed 表示还末生成图像,创建图像后会变成Is Being Graphed
我们可以再添加一些更详细的监控
Host MIB – Processes 监控进程数量
Host MIB – Logged in Users 监控登录用户
　　SNMP – Get Mounted Partitions 更多分区大小,Memory Buffer,Real Memory,Swap Space
SNMP – Get Processor Information 每个cpu的负载
　　临控对像增加图表
左则New Graphs
在host中选择touareg

勾选右则后选择create,就完成了图表创建，真是很方便。
　　添加到Graph Trees
图表创建后在Graph Management里可以看到图表，但点击导航上方的”graphs”是看不到的，需要添加到graph trees中。
Console -> Graph Trees -> (Edit) -> Graph Tree Items

　　Tree Item Type:host
Host:touareg

　　创建后就可以在graph中看到了

　　参