SharePoint 2010开发最佳实践指南
摘要:本文基于SharePoint SDK文档,总结了开发者最佳实践,以对SharePoint2010开发提供指南。本指南覆盖2007以及2010两个版本,包括对SPSite和SPWeb对象的使用指南,系统Template文件夹下部署内容时的命名规范,事件处理器内SPWeb, SPSite对象使用、大文件夹以及大列表的处理、对象缓存以及代码优化的一些例子。
避免使用构造不必要的SPWeb和SPSite对象
1. SPWeb和SPSite会占用大量的内存,开发时尽量避免构造新的SPWeb和SPSite对象,特别是只是为了取得对SPWebApplication的引用等情况,为了取得SPWebApplication,可以调用SPWebApplication.Lookup(uri)来取得引用,接下类也可以通过webApplication.Farm来取得对farm的引用,进一步如果知道内容数据库的索引值,可以通过webApplication.ContentDatabase来取得对内容数据库的引用。
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SPWebApplication webApplication = SPWebApplication.Lookup(new Uri("http://localhost/");
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SPFarm farm = webApplication.Farm;
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SPContentDatabase content = webApplication.ContentDatabases; 2. 如果一定要构造SPWeb和SPSite对象,务必注意使用完后对象的释放,可以使用以下三种技术:
Dispose方法
using
try, catch, finally
使用using如下:
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String str;
using(SPSite oSPsite = new SPSite("http://server/"))
{
using(SPWeb oSPWeb = oSPSite.OpenWeb())
{
str = oSPWeb.Title;
str = oSPWeb.Url;
}
}但是在使用的时候一定要特别注意,避免释放了不该释放的内容,比如:using( SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(HttpContext.Current)) { ... }SPContext由SharePoint框架来进行维护,不应该释放,SPContext.Site, SPContext.Current.Site, SPContext.Web, SPContext.Current.Web同理也不能释放。try, catch, finally本质和using是一样,对实现了IDisposal接口的对象,.NET运行时环境会自动将using转换成try, catch, finally.
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String str;
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SPSite oSPSite = null;
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SPWeb oSPWeb = null;
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try
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{
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oSPSite = new SPSite("http://server/");
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oSPWeb = oSPSite.OpenWeb(..);
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str = oSPWeb.Title;
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}
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catch(Exception e)
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{
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//Handle exception, log exception, etc.
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}
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finally
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{
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if (oSPWeb != null)
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oSPWeb.Dispose();
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if (oSPSite != null)
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oSPSite.Dispose();
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} 页面重定向时候的资源释放:如下例,在Response.Redirect调用时会生成ThreadAbortedException异常,而之后finally会被执行,此时会导致线程的异常,无法保证资源一定会得到释放,因此在任何Response.Redirect调用之前一定要确保SPSite,SPWeb对象的释放
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String str;
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SPSite oSPSite = null;
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SPWeb oSPWeb = null;
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try
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{
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oSPSite = new SPSite("http://server/");
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oSPWeb = oSPSite.OpenWeb(..);
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str = oSPWeb.Title;
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if(bDoRedirection)
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{
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if (oSPWeb != null)
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oSPWeb.Dispose();
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if (oSPSite != null)
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oSPSite.Dispose();
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Response.Redirect("newpage.aspx");
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}
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}
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catch(Exception e)
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{
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}
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finally
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{
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if (oSPWeb != null)
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oSPWeb.Dispose();
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if (oSPSite != null)
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oSPSite.Dispose();
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} 以上问题也适用于using。
不要创建静态的SPWeb和SPSite对象
调用SPSiteCollection.Add方法创建返回的SPSite对象需要释放;
通过SPSiteColleciton的索引器SPSiteColleciton[]返回的SPSite对象需要释放;
在SPSiteCollection集合中进行foreach是的SPSite对象需要释放;
以下是推荐的做法:
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void SPSiteCollectionForEachNoLeak()
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{
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using (SPSite siteCollectionOuter = new SPSite("http://moss/"))
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{
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SPWebApplication webApp = siteCollectionOuter.WebApplication;
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SPSiteCollection siteCollections = webApp.Sites;
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foreach (SPSite siteCollectionInner in siteCollections)
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{
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try
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{
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// ...
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}
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finally
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{
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if(siteCollectionInner != null)
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siteCollectionInner.Dispose();
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}
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}
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} // SPSite object siteCollectionOuter.Dispose() automatically called.
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} 通过SPSite.AllWebs.Add返回的SPWeb对象需要释放;
通过SPWebColleciton.Add返回的SPWeb对象需要释放;
通过SPSite.AllWebs[]索引器返回的SPWeb对象需要释放;
通过foreach循环SPWebColleciton的SPWeb对象需要释放;
通过OpenWeb打开的SPWeb对象需要释放;
通过SPSite.SelfServiceCreateSite创建的SPWeb对象需要释放;
SPSite.RootWeb不需要进行释放;
通过Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.PersonalSite返回的SPSite对象需要释放;
推荐的开发方式如下:
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01void PersonalSiteNoLeak()
02{
03 // Open a site collection
04 using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://moss/"))
05 {
06 UserProfileManager profileManager = new UserProfileManager(ServerContext.GetContext(siteCollection));
07 UserProfile profile = profileManager.GetUserProfile("domain\\username");
08 using (SPSite personalSite = profile.PersonalSite)
09 {
10 // ...
11 }
12 }
13}
此处可以通过ProfileLoader省去构造新的SPSite以提高性能
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UserProfile myProfile = ProfileLoader.GetProfileLoader().GetUserProfile();
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using (SPSite personalSite = myProfile.PersonalSite)
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{
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// ...
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} 特别,如果为MySite创建web部件,可以使用PersonalSite而不用释放:
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IPersonalPage currentMySitePage = this.Page as IPersonalPage;
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if (currentMySitePage != null && !currentMySitePage.IsProfileError)
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{
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SPSite personalSite = currentMySitePage.PersonalSite; // Will not leak. // ...
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} 通过GetContextSite返回的SPSite不需要释放
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1void SPControlBADPractice()
2{
3 SPSite siteCollection = SPControl.GetContextSite(Context);
4 //siteCollection.Dispose(); 不要释放
5 SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context);
6 //web.Dispose();不要释放
7}
SPLimitedWebPartManager含有内部对SPWeb的引用,需要释放
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01void SPLimitedWebPartManagerLeak()
02{
03 using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://moss/"))
04 {
05 using (SPWeb web = siteCollection.OpenWeb())
06 {
07 SPFile page = web.GetFile("Source_Folder_Name/Source_Page");
08 SPLimitedWebPartManager webPartManager =
09 page.GetLimitedWebPartManager(PersonalizationScope.Shared);
10 webPartManaber.Web.Dispose();
11 } // SPWeb object web.Dispose() automatically called.
12 }// SPSite object siteCollection.Dispose() automatically called.
13}
Microsoft.SharePoint.Publishing.PublishingWeb(SharePoint2007 only)
PublishingWeb.GetPublishingWebs会返回PublishingWebCollection,foreach时候需要调用close方法释放每一个对象:
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void PublishingWebCollectionNoLeak()
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{
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using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://moss/"))
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{
05
using (SPWeb web = siteCollection.OpenWeb())
06
{
07
// Passing in SPWeb object that you own, no dispose needed on
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// outerPubWeb.
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PublishingWeb outerPubWeb = PublishingWeb.GetPublishingWeb(web);
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PublishingWebCollection pubWebCollection = outerPubWeb.GetPublishingWebs();
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foreach (PublishingWeb innerPubWeb in pubWebCollection)
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{
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try
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{
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// ...
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}
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finally
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{
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if(innerPubWeb != null)
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innerPubWeb.Close();
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}
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}
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}// SPWeb object web.Dispose() automatically called.
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} // SPSite object siteCollection.Dispose() automatically called.
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} 同样,调用PublishingWebCollection.Add返回的PublishingWeb也需要释放;
3.在事件处理器里可以使用以下方法避免生成新的SPSite或者SPWeb
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// Retrieve SPWeb and SPListItem from SPItemEventProperties instead of
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// from a new instance of SPSite.
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SPWeb web = properties.OpenWeb();//此处通过properties.OpenWeb()返回的SPWeb不用释放;
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// Operate on the SPWeb object.
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SPListItem item = properties.ListItem;
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// Operate on an item. 文件名限制:
在实战中如果需要部署文件夹或者文件到%ProgramFiles%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\14\TEMPLATE目录,出于安全考虑,SharePoint Foundation只能够读取文件名有ASCII字符、数字、下划线、句号、破折号(dashed)组成的名字,特别是文件名不能包括两个连续的句号,例如,以下是允许的文件名:
AllItems.aspx
Dept_1234.doc
Long.Name.With.Dots.txt
以下是不允许的名字:
Cæsar.wav
File Name With Spaces.avi
Wow...ThisIsBad.rtf
揵.htm
大文件夹、大列表的处理
不要使用SPList.Items,因为这个调用会返回所有子文件夹下的所有记录,使用以下方法替代:
添加记录:使用SPList.AddItem,不使用SPList.Items.Add;
查询记录:使用SPList.GetItemById,不适用SPList.Items.GetItemById;
返回列表所有记录:使用SPList.GetItems(SPQuery query)而不是SPList.Items,根据需要使用条件过滤,仅仅挑选必要的字段返回,如果返回结果超过2000条,采用分页技术:
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SPQuery query = new SPQuery();
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SPListItemCollection spListItems ;string lastItemIdOnPage = null; // Page position.
03
int itemCount = 2000 while (itemCount == 2000)
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{
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// Include only the fields you will use.
06
query.ViewFields = "<FieldRef Name=\"ID\"/><FieldRef Name=\"ContentTypeId\"/>"; query.RowLimit = 2000; // Only select the top 2000.
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// Include items in a subfolder (if necessary).
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query.ViewAttributes = "Scope=\"Recursive\"";
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StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
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// To make the query order by ID and stop scanning the table, specify the OrderBy override attribute.
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sb.Append("<OrderBy Override=\"TRUE\"><FieldRef Name=\"ID\"/></OrderBy>");
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//.. Append more text as necessary ..
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query.Query = sb.ToString(); // Get 2,000 more items. SPListItemCollectionPosition pos = new SPListItemCollectionPosition(lastItemIdOnPage);
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query.ListItemCollectionPosition = pos; //Page info.
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spListItems = spList.GetItems(query);
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lastItemIdOnPage = spListItems.ListItemCollectionPosition.PagingInfo;
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// Code to enumerate the spListItems.
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// If itemCount <2000, finish the enumeration.
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itemCount = spListItems.Count;
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} 分页显示:
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SPWeb oWebsite = SPContext.Current.Web;
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SPList oList = oWebsite.Lists["Announcements"];
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SPQuery oQuery = new SPQuery();
05
oQuery.RowLimit = 10;
06
int intIndex = 1;
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do
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{
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Response.Write("<BR>Page: " + intIndex + "<BR>");
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SPListItemCollection collListItems = oList.GetItems(oQuery);
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foreach (SPListItem oListItem in collListItems)
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{
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Response.Write(SPEncode.HtmlEncode(oListItem["Title"].ToString()) +"<BR>");
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}
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oQuery.ListItemCollectionPosition = collListItems.ListItemCollectionPosition;
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intIndex++;
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} while (oQuery.ListItemCollectionPosition != null);
性能差不推荐使用的API
性能更好的推荐使用的API
SPList.Items.Count
SPList.ItemCount
SPList.Items.XmlDataSchema
创建SPQuery,仅仅返回需要的数据
SPList.Items.NumberOfFields
创建SPQuery,指定ViewFields,仅仅返回需要的数据
SPList.Items
SPList.GetItemByUniqueId(System.Guid)
SPList.Items
SPList.GetItemById(System.Int32)
SPList.Items.GetItemById(System.Int32)
SPList.GetItemById(System.Int32)
SPList.Items.ReorderItems(System.Boolean[],System.Int32[],System.Int32)
使用SPQuery分页
SPList.Items.ListItemCollectionPosition
ContentIterator.ProcessListItems(SPList, ContentIterator.ItemProcessor, ContentIterator.ItemProcessorErrorCallout) (Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 only)
参考:
释放检查工具SPDisposeCheck: http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/SPDisposeCheck
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa973248(office.12).aspx
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb687949%28office.12%29.aspx
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