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摘要:
本文基于SharePoint SDK文档,总结了开发者最佳实践,以对SharePoint2010开发提供指南。本指南覆盖2007以及2010两个版本,包括对SPSite和SPWeb对象的使用指南,系统Template文件夹下部署内容时的命名规范,事件处理器内SPWeb, SPSite对象使用、大文件夹以及大列表的处理、对象缓存以及代码优化的一些例子。
避免使用构造不必要的SPWeb和SPSite对象
1. SPWeb和SPSite会占用大量的内存,开发时尽量避免构造新的SPWeb和SPSite对象,特别是只是为了取得对SPWebApplication的引用等情况,为了取得SPWebApplication,可以调用SPWebApplication.Lookup(uri)来取得引用,接下类也可以通过webApplication.Farm来取得对farm的引用,进一步如果知道内容数据库的索引值,可以通过webApplication.ContentDatabase[index]来取得对内容数据库的引用。
view sourceprint?
1 | SPWebApplication webApplication = SPWebApplication.Lookup(new Uri("http://localhost/"); |
2 | SPFarm farm = webApplication.Farm; |
3 | SPContentDatabase content = webApplication.ContentDatabases[0]; | 2. 如果一定要构造SPWeb和SPSite对象,务必注意使用完后对象的释放,可以使用以下三种技术:
Dispose方法
using
try, catch, finally
使用using如下:
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using(SPSite oSPsite = new SPSite("http://server/")) |
using(SPWeb oSPWeb = oSPSite.OpenWeb()) |
但是在使用的时候一定要特别注意,避免释放了不该释放的内容,比如:using( SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(HttpContext.Current)) { ... }SPContext由SharePoint框架来进行维护,不应该释放,SPContext.Site, SPContext.Current.Site, SPContext.Web, SPContext.Current.Web同理也不能释放。try, catch, finally本质和using是一样,对实现了IDisposal接口的对象,.NET运行时环境会自动将using转换成try, catch, finally.
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07 | oSPSite = new SPSite("http://server/"); |
08 | oSPWeb = oSPSite.OpenWeb(..); |
14 | //Handle exception, log exception, etc. |
页面重定向时候的资源释放:如下例,在Response.Redirect调用时会生成ThreadAbortedException异常,而之后finally会被执行,此时会导致线程的异常,无法保证资源一定会得到释放,因此在任何Response.Redirect调用之前一定要确保SPSite,SPWeb对象的释放
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07 | oSPSite = new SPSite("http://server/"); |
08 | oSPWeb = oSPSite.OpenWeb(..); |
19 | Response.Redirect("newpage.aspx"); |
以上问题也适用于using。
不要创建静态的SPWeb和SPSite对象
调用SPSiteCollection.Add方法创建返回的SPSite对象需要释放;
通过SPSiteColleciton的索引器SPSiteColleciton[]返回的SPSite对象需要释放;
在SPSiteCollection集合中进行foreach是的SPSite对象需要释放;
以下是推荐的做法:
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01 | void SPSiteCollectionForEachNoLeak() |
03 | using (SPSite siteCollectionOuter = new SPSite("http://moss/")) |
05 | SPWebApplication webApp = siteCollectionOuter.WebApplication; |
06 | SPSiteCollection siteCollections = webApp.Sites; |
08 | foreach (SPSite siteCollectionInner in siteCollections) |
16 | if(siteCollectionInner != null) |
17 | siteCollectionInner.Dispose(); |
20 | } // SPSite object siteCollectionOuter.Dispose() automatically called. |
通过SPSite.AllWebs.Add返回的SPWeb对象需要释放;
通过SPWebColleciton.Add返回的SPWeb对象需要释放;
通过SPSite.AllWebs[]索引器返回的SPWeb对象需要释放;
通过foreach循环SPWebColleciton的SPWeb对象需要释放;
通过OpenWeb打开的SPWeb对象需要释放;
通过SPSite.SelfServiceCreateSite创建的SPWeb对象需要释放;
SPSite.RootWeb不需要进行释放;
通过Microsoft.Office.Server.UserProfiles.PersonalSite返回的SPSite对象需要释放;
推荐的开发方式如下:
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01 | void PersonalSiteNoLeak() |
03 | // Open a site collection |
04 | using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://moss/")) |
06 | UserProfileManager profileManager = new UserProfileManager(ServerContext.GetContext(siteCollection)); |
07 | UserProfile profile = profileManager.GetUserProfile("domain\\username"); |
08 | using (SPSite personalSite = profile.PersonalSite) |
此处可以通过ProfileLoader省去构造新的SPSite以提高性能
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1 | UserProfile myProfile = ProfileLoader.GetProfileLoader().GetUserProfile(); |
2 | using (SPSite personalSite = myProfile.PersonalSite) |
特别,如果为MySite创建web部件,可以使用PersonalSite而不用释放:
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1 | IPersonalPage currentMySitePage = this.Page as IPersonalPage; |
2 | if (currentMySitePage != null && !currentMySitePage.IsProfileError) |
4 | SPSite personalSite = currentMySitePage.PersonalSite; // Will not leak. // ... |
通过GetContextSite返回的SPSite不需要释放
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1 | void SPControlBADPractice() |
3 | SPSite siteCollection = SPControl.GetContextSite(Context); |
4 | //siteCollection.Dispose(); 不要释放 |
5 | SPWeb web = SPControl.GetContextWeb(Context); |
SPLimitedWebPartManager含有内部对SPWeb的引用,需要释放
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01 | void SPLimitedWebPartManagerLeak() |
03 | using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://moss/")) |
05 | using (SPWeb web = siteCollection.OpenWeb()) |
07 | SPFile page = web.GetFile("Source_Folder_Name/Source_Page"); |
08 | SPLimitedWebPartManager webPartManager = |
09 | page.GetLimitedWebPartManager(PersonalizationScope.Shared); |
10 | webPartManaber.Web.Dispose(); |
11 | } // SPWeb object web.Dispose() automatically called. |
12 | } // SPSite object siteCollection.Dispose() automatically called. |
Microsoft.SharePoint.Publishing.PublishingWeb(SharePoint2007 only)
PublishingWeb.GetPublishingWebs会返回PublishingWebCollection,foreach时候需要调用close方法释放每一个对象:
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01 | void PublishingWebCollectionNoLeak() |
03 | using (SPSite siteCollection = new SPSite("http://moss/")) |
05 | using (SPWeb web = siteCollection.OpenWeb()) |
07 | // Passing in SPWeb object that you own, no dispose needed on |
09 | PublishingWeb outerPubWeb = PublishingWeb.GetPublishingWeb(web); |
10 | PublishingWebCollection pubWebCollection = outerPubWeb.GetPublishingWebs(); |
11 | foreach (PublishingWeb innerPubWeb in pubWebCollection) |
19 | if(innerPubWeb != null) |
23 | } // SPWeb object web.Dispose() automatically called. |
24 | } // SPSite object siteCollection.Dispose() automatically called. |
同样,调用PublishingWebCollection.Add返回的PublishingWeb也需要释放;
3.在事件处理器里可以使用以下方法避免生成新的SPSite或者SPWeb
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1 | // Retrieve SPWeb and SPListItem from SPItemEventProperties instead of |
2 | // from a new instance of SPSite. |
3 | SPWeb web = properties.OpenWeb();//此处通过properties.OpenWeb()返回的SPWeb不用释放; |
4 | // Operate on the SPWeb object. |
5 | SPListItem item = properties.ListItem; |
文件名限制:
在实战中如果需要部署文件夹或者文件到%ProgramFiles%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\web server extensions\14\TEMPLATE目录,出于安全考虑,SharePoint Foundation只能够读取文件名有ASCII字符、数字、下划线、句号、破折号(dashed)组成的名字,特别是文件名不能包括两个连续的句号,例如,以下是允许的文件名:
AllItems.aspx
Dept_1234.doc
Long.Name.With.Dots.txt
以下是不允许的名字:
Cæsar.wav
File Name With Spaces.avi
Wow...ThisIsBad.rtf
揵.htm
大文件夹、大列表的处理
不要使用SPList.Items,因为这个调用会返回所有子文件夹下的所有记录,使用以下方法替代:
添加记录:使用SPList.AddItem,不使用SPList.Items.Add;
查询记录:使用SPList.GetItemById,不适用SPList.Items.GetItemById;
返回列表所有记录:使用SPList.GetItems(SPQuery query)而不是SPList.Items,根据需要使用条件过滤,仅仅挑选必要的字段返回,如果返回结果超过2000条,采用分页技术:
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01 | SPQuery query = new SPQuery(); |
02 | SPListItemCollection spListItems ; string lastItemIdOnPage = null; // Page position. |
03 | int itemCount = 2000 while (itemCount == 2000) |
05 | // Include only the fields you will use. |
06 | query.ViewFields = "<FieldRef Name=\"ID\"/><FieldRef Name=\"ContentTypeId\"/>"; query.RowLimit = 2000; // Only select the top 2000. |
07 | // Include items in a subfolder (if necessary). |
08 | query.ViewAttributes = "Scope=\"Recursive\""; |
09 | StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); |
10 | // To make the query order by ID and stop scanning the table, specify the OrderBy override attribute. |
11 | sb.Append("<OrderBy Override=\"TRUE\"><FieldRef Name=\"ID\"/></OrderBy>"); |
12 | //.. Append more text as necessary .. |
13 | query.Query = sb.ToString(); // Get 2,000 more items. SPListItemCollectionPosition pos = new SPListItemCollectionPosition(lastItemIdOnPage); |
14 | query.ListItemCollectionPosition = pos; //Page info. |
15 | spListItems = spList.GetItems(query); |
16 | lastItemIdOnPage = spListItems.ListItemCollectionPosition.PagingInfo; |
17 | // Code to enumerate the spListItems. |
18 | // If itemCount <2000, finish the enumeration. |
19 | itemCount = spListItems.Count; |
分页显示:
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01 | SPWeb oWebsite = SPContext.Current.Web; |
02 | SPList oList = oWebsite.Lists["Announcements"]; |
04 | SPQuery oQuery = new SPQuery(); |
10 | Response.Write("<BR>Page: " + intIndex + "<BR>"); |
11 | SPListItemCollection collListItems = oList.GetItems(oQuery); |
13 | foreach (SPListItem oListItem in collListItems) |
15 | Response.Write(SPEncode.HtmlEncode(oListItem["Title"].ToString()) +"<BR>"); |
18 | oQuery.ListItemCollectionPosition = collListItems.ListItemCollectionPosition; |
20 | } while (oQuery.ListItemCollectionPosition != null); |
性能差不推荐使用的API
| 性能更好的推荐使用的API
| SPList.Items.Count
| SPList.ItemCount
| SPList.Items.XmlDataSchema
| 创建SPQuery,仅仅返回需要的数据 | SPList.Items.NumberOfFields
| 创建SPQuery,指定ViewFields,仅仅返回需要的数据 | SPList.Items[System.Guid]
| SPList.GetItemByUniqueId(System.Guid)
| SPList.Items[System.Int32]
| SPList.GetItemById(System.Int32)
| SPList.Items.GetItemById(System.Int32)
| SPList.GetItemById(System.Int32)
| SPList.Items.ReorderItems(System.Boolean[],System.Int32[],System.Int32)
| 使用SPQuery分页 | SPList.Items.ListItemCollectionPosition
| ContentIterator.ProcessListItems(SPList, ContentIterator.ItemProcessor, ContentIterator.ItemProcessorErrorCallout) (Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010 only)
| 参考:
释放检查工具SPDisposeCheck: http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/SPDisposeCheck
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa973248(office.12).aspx
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb687949%28office.12%29.aspx |
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