Python聊天室~简单实用~小伙伴们赶快戳进来
一、课程介绍1.简介
本次项目课是实现简单聊天室程序的服务器端和客户端。
2.知识点
服务器端涉及到asyncore、asynchat和socket这几个模块，客户端用到了telnetlib、wx、time和thread这几个模块。
3.项目效果截图
登录窗口
聊天窗口
二、项目实战（服务器端）
1.服务器类
首先需要一个聊天服务器，这里继承asyncore的dispatcher类来实现，代码如下
[*]class ChatServer(dispatcher):
[*] """
[*] 聊天服务器
[*] """
[*]
[*] def __init__(self, port):
[*] dispatcher.__init__(self)
[*] self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
[*] self.set_reuse_addr()
[*] self.bind(('', port))
[*] self.listen(5)
[*] self.users = {}
[*] self.main_room = ChatRoom(self)
[*]
[*] def handle_accept(self):
[*] conn, addr = self.accept()
[*] ChatSession(self, conn)
2.会话类
有了服务器类还需要能维护每个用户的连接会话，这里继承asynchat的async_chat类来实现，代码如下：
[*]class ChatSession(async_chat):
[*] """
[*] 负责和单用户通信
[*] """
[*]
[*] def __init__(self, server, sock):
[*] async_chat.__init__(self, sock)
[*] self.server = server
[*] self.set_terminator('\n')
[*] self.data = []
[*] self.name = None
[*] self.enter(LoginRoom(server))
[*]
[*] def enter(self, room):
[*] '从当前房间移除自身，然后添加到指定房间'
[*] try:
[*] cur = self.room
[*] except AttributeError:
[*] pass
[*] else:
[*] cur.remove(self)
[*] self.room = room
[*] room.add(self)
[*]
[*] def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
[*] '接受客户端的数据'
[*] self.data.append(data)
[*]
[*] def found_terminator(self):
[*] '当客户端的一条数据结束时的处理'
[*] line = ''.join(self.data)
[*] self.data = []
[*] try:
[*] self.room.handle(self, line)
[*] except EndSession:
[*] self.handle_close()
[*]
[*] def handle_close(self):
[*] async_chat.handle_close(self)
[*] self.enter(LogoutRoom(self.server))
3.命令解释器
现在就需要一个命令解释器能够解释用户的命令，例如登录、查询在线用户和发消息等，代码如下：
[*]class CommandHandler:
[*] """
[*] 命令处理类
[*] """
[*]
[*] def unknown(self, session, cmd):
[*] '响应未知命令'
[*] session.push('Unknown command: %s\n' % cmd)
[*]
[*] def handle(self, session, line):
[*] '命令处理'
[*] if not line.strip():
[*] return
[*] parts = line.split(' ', 1)
[*] cmd = parts[0]
[*] try:
[*] line = parts[1].strip()
[*] except IndexError:
[*] line = ''
[*] meth = getattr(self, 'do_' + cmd, None)
[*] try:
[*] meth(session, line)
[*] except TypeError:
[*] self.unknown(session, cmd)
4.房间
接下来就需要实现聊天室的房间了，这里我们定义了三种房间，分别是用户刚登录时的房间、聊天的房间和退出登录的房间，这三种房间都有一个公共的父类，代码如下：
[*]class Room(CommandHandler):
[*] """
[*] 包含多个用户的环境，负责基本的命令处理和广播
[*] """
[*]
[*] def __init__(self, server):
[*] self.server = server
[*] self.sessions = []
[*]
[*] def add(self, session):
[*] '一个用户进入房间'
[*] self.sessions.append(session)
[*]
[*] def remove(self, session):
[*] '一个用户离开房间'
[*] self.sessions.remove(session)
[*]
[*] def broadcast(self, line):
[*] '向所有的用户发送指定消息'
[*] for session in self.sessions:
[*] session.push(line)
[*]
[*] def do_logout(self, session, line):
[*] '退出房间'
[*] raise EndSession
[*]
[*]class LoginRoom(Room):
[*] """
[*] 刚登录的用户的房间
[*] """
[*]
[*] def add(self, session):
[*] '用户连接成功的回应'
[*] Room.add(self, session)
[*] session.push('Connect Success')
[*]
[*] def do_login(self, session, line):
[*] '登录命令处理'
[*] name = line.strip()
[*] if not name:
[*] session.push('UserName Empty')
[*] elif name in self.server.users:
[*] session.push('UserName Exist')
[*] else:
[*] session.name = name
[*] session.enter(self.server.main_room)
[*]
[*]class ChatRoom(Room):
[*] """
[*] 聊天用的房间
[*] """
[*]
[*] def add(self, session):
[*] '广播新用户进入'
[*] session.push('Login Success')
[*] self.broadcast(session.name + ' has entered the room.\n')
[*] self.server.users[session.name] = session
[*] Room.add(self, session)
[*]
[*] def remove(self, session):
[*] '广播用户离开'
[*] Room.remove(self, session)
[*] self.broadcast(session.name + ' has left the room.\n')
[*]
[*] def do_say(self, session, line):
[*] '客户端发送消息'
[*] self.broadcast(session.name + ': ' + line + '\n')
[*]
[*] def do_look(self, session, line):
[*] '查看在线用户'
[*] session.push('Online Users:\n')
[*] for other in self.sessions:
[*] session.push(other.name + '\n')
[*]
[*]class LogoutRoom(Room):
[*] """
[*] 用户退出时的房间
[*] """
[*]
[*] def add(self, session):
[*] '从服务器中移除'
[*] try:
[*] del self.server.users[session.name]
[*] except KeyError:
[*] pass
5.服务器端完整代码
[*]#!/usr/bin/python
[*]# encoding: utf-8
[*]
[*]from asyncore import dispatcher
[*]from asynchat import async_chat
[*]import socket, asyncore
[*]
[*]PORT = 6666 #端口
[*]
[*]class EndSession(Exception):
[*] """
[*] 自定义会话结束时的异常
[*] """
[*] pass
[*]
[*]class CommandHandler:
[*] """
[*] 命令处理类
[*] """
[*]
[*] def unknown(self, session, cmd):
[*] '响应未知命令'
[*] session.push('Unknown command: %s\n' % cmd)
[*]
[*] def handle(self, session, line):
[*] '命令处理'
[*] if not line.strip():
[*] return
[*] parts = line.split(' ', 1)
[*] cmd = parts[0]
[*] try:
[*] line = parts[1].strip()
[*] except IndexError:
[*] line = ''
[*] meth = getattr(self, 'do_' + cmd, None)
[*] try:
[*] meth(session, line)
[*] except TypeError:
[*] self.unknown(session, cmd)
[*]
[*]class Room(CommandHandler):
[*] """
[*] 包含多个用户的环境，负责基本的命令处理和广播
[*] """
[*]
[*] def __init__(self, server):
[*] self.server = server
[*] self.sessions = []
[*]
[*] def add(self, session):
[*] '一个用户进入房间'
[*] self.sessions.append(session)
[*]
[*] def remove(self, session):
[*] '一个用户离开房间'
[*] self.sessions.remove(session)
[*]
[*] def broadcast(self, line):
[*] '向所有的用户发送指定消息'
[*] for session in self.sessions:
[*] session.push(line)
[*]
[*] def do_logout(self, session, line):
[*] '退出房间'
[*] raise EndSession
[*]
[*]class LoginRoom(Room):
[*] """
[*] 刚登录的用户的房间
[*] """
[*]
[*] def add(self, session):
[*] '用户连接成功的回应'
[*] Room.add(self, session)
[*] session.push('Connect Success')
[*]
[*] def do_login(self, session, line):
[*] '登录命令处理'
[*] name = line.strip()
[*] if not name:
[*] session.push('UserName Empty')
[*] elif name in self.server.users:
[*] session.push('UserName Exist')
[*] else:
[*] session.name = name
[*] session.enter(self.server.main_room)
[*]
[*]class ChatRoom(Room):
[*] """
[*] 聊天用的房间
[*] """
[*]
[*] def add(self, session):
[*] '广播新用户进入'
[*] session.push('Login Success')
[*] self.broadcast(session.name + ' has entered the room.\n')
[*] self.server.users[session.name] = session
[*] Room.add(self, session)
[*]
[*] def remove(self, session):
[*] '广播用户离开'
[*] Room.remove(self, session)
[*] self.broadcast(session.name + ' has left the room.\n')
[*]
[*] def do_say(self, session, line):
[*] '客户端发送消息'
[*] self.broadcast(session.name + ': ' + line + '\n')
[*]
[*] def do_look(self, session, line):
[*] '查看在线用户'
[*] session.push('Online Users:\n')
[*] for other in self.sessions:
[*] session.push(other.name + '\n')
[*]
[*]class LogoutRoom(Room):
[*] """
[*] 用户退出时的房间
[*] """
[*]
[*] def add(self, session):
[*] '从服务器中移除'
[*] try:
[*] del self.server.users[session.name]
[*] except KeyError:
[*] pass
[*]
[*]class ChatSession(async_chat):
[*] """
[*] 负责和单用户通信
[*] """
[*]
[*] def __init__(self, server, sock):
[*] async_chat.__init__(self, sock)
[*] self.server = server
[*] self.set_terminator('\n')
[*] self.data = []
[*] self.name = None
[*] self.enter(LoginRoom(server))
[*]
[*] def enter(self, room):
[*] '从当前房间移除自身，然后添加到指定房间'
[*] try:
[*] cur = self.room
[*] except AttributeError:
[*] pass
[*] else:
[*] cur.remove(self)
[*] self.room = room
[*] room.add(self)
[*]
[*] def collect_incoming_data(self, data):
[*] '接受客户端的数据'
[*] self.data.append(data)
[*]
[*] def found_terminator(self):
[*] '当客户端的一条数据结束时的处理'
[*] line = ''.join(self.data)
[*] self.data = []
[*] try:
[*] self.room.handle(self, line)
[*] except EndSession:
[*] self.handle_close()
[*]
[*] def handle_close(self):
[*] async_chat.handle_close(self)
[*] self.enter(LogoutRoom(self.server))
[*]
[*]class ChatServer(dispatcher):
[*] """
[*] 聊天服务器
[*] """
[*]
[*] def __init__(self, port):
[*] dispatcher.__init__(self)
[*] self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
[*] self.set_reuse_addr()
[*] self.bind(('', port))
[*] self.listen(5)
[*] self.users = {}
[*] self.main_room = ChatRoom(self)
[*]
[*] def handle_accept(self):
[*] conn, addr = self.accept()
[*] ChatSession(self, conn)
[*]
[*]if __name__ == '__main__':
[*] s = ChatServer(PORT)
[*] try:
[*] asyncore.loop()
[*] except KeyboardInterrupt:
三、项目实战（客户端）
完成了服务器端后，就需要实现客户端了，这里客户端连接服务器使用了telnetlib模块。
1.登录窗口
这里的图形界面包选择了wxPython，前面有安装说明，登录窗口通过继承wx.Frame类来实现，代码如下：
[*]class LoginFrame(wx.Frame):
[*] """
[*] 登录窗口
[*] """
[*]
[*] def __init__(self, parent, id, title, size):
[*] '初始化，添加控件并绑定事件'
[*] wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title)
[*] self.SetSize(size)
[*] self.Center()
[*] self.serverAddressLabel = wx.StaticText(self, label = "Server Address", pos = (10, 50), size = (120, 25))
[*] self.userNameLabel = wx.StaticText(self, label = "UserName", pos = (40, 100), size = (120, 25))
[*] self.serverAddress = wx.TextCtrl(self, pos = (120, 47), size = (150, 25))
[*] self.userName = wx.TextCtrl(self, pos = (120, 97), size = (150, 25))
[*] self.loginButton = wx.Button(self, label = 'Login', pos = (80, 145), size = (130, 30))
[*] self.loginButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.login)
[*] self.Show()
[*]
[*] def login(self, event):
[*] '登录处理'
[*] try:
[*] serverAddress = self.serverAddress.GetLineText(0).split(':')
[*] con.open(serverAddress[0], port = int(serverAddress[1]), timeout = 10)
[*] response = con.read_some()
[*] if response != 'Connect Success':
[*] self.showDialog('Error', 'Connect Fail!', (95, 20))
[*] return
[*] con.write('login ' + str(self.userName.GetLineText(0)) + '\n')
[*] response = con.read_some()
[*] if response == 'UserName Empty':
[*] self.showDialog('Error', 'UserName Empty!', (135, 20))
[*] elif response == 'UserName Exist':
[*] self.showDialog('Error', 'UserName Exist!', (135, 20))
[*] else:
[*] self.Close()
[*] ChatFrame(None, -2, title = 'ShiYanLou Chat Client', size = (500, 350))
[*] except Exception:
[*] self.showDialog('Error', 'Connect Fail!', (95, 20))
[*]
[*] def showDialog(self, title, content, size):
[*] '显示错误信息对话框'
[*] dialog = wx.Dialog(self, title = title, size = size)
[*] dialog.Center()
[*] wx.StaticText(dialog, label = content)
[*] dialog.ShowModal()
2.聊天窗口
聊天窗口中最主要的就是向服务器发消息并接受服务器的消息，这里通过子线程来接受，代码如下：
[*]class ChatFrame(wx.Frame):
[*] """
[*] 聊天窗口
[*] """
[*]
[*] def __init__(self, parent, id, title, size):
[*] '初始化，添加控件并绑定事件'
[*] wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title)
[*] self.SetSize(size)
[*] self.Center()
[*] self.chatFrame = wx.TextCtrl(self, pos = (5, 5), size = (490, 310), style = wx.TE_MULTILINE | wx.TE_READONLY)
[*] self.message = wx.TextCtrl(self, pos = (5, 320), size = (300, 25))
[*] self.sendButton = wx.Button(self, label = "Send", pos = (310, 320), size = (58, 25))
[*] self.usersButton = wx.Button(self, label = "Users", pos = (373, 320), size = (58, 25))
[*] self.closeButton = wx.Button(self, label = "Close", pos = (436, 320), size = (58, 25))
[*] self.sendButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.send)
[*] self.usersButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.lookUsers)
[*] self.closeButton.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.close)
[*] thread.start_new_thread(self.receive, ())
[*] self.Show()
[*]
[*] def send(self, event):
[*] '发送消息'
[*] message = str(self.message.GetLineText(0)).strip()
[*] if message != '':
[*] con.write('say ' + message + '\n')
[*] self.message.Clear()
[*]
[*] def lookUsers(self, event):
[*] '查看当前在线用户'
[*] con.write('look\n')
[*]
[*] def close(self, event):
[*] '关闭窗口'
[*] con.write('logout\n')
[*] con.close()
[*] self.Close()
[*]
[*] def receive(self):
[*] '接受服务器的消息'
[*] while True:
[*] sleep(0.6)
[*] result = con.read_very_eager()
[*] if result != '':
[*] self.chatFrame.AppendText(result)
3.客户端完整代码
看到这里相信大家对整个项目都有了一定的了解~这段完整代码,不如试着结合登陆窗口和聊天窗口的代码写出来吧~只有动手实践才能体验编程真正的乐趣~ 四、小结
最后就可以运行程序进行聊天了，注意需要先启动服务器再启动客户端。这个项目中使用了asyncore的dispatcher来实现服务器，asynchat的asyn_chat来维护用户的连接会话，用wxPython来实现图形界面，用telnetlib来连接服务器，在子线程中接受服务器发来的消息，由此一个简单的聊天室程序就完成了。
五、思考
这里的图形界面使用的是wxPython，试着换一个图形界面包来实现客户端。这个程序非常简单，你也可以自己扩展想要的功能。
看到这里是不是跃跃欲试呢~点击这里为你免费搭建好了编程环境~只有动手实践才能锻炼自己的能力
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