运维自动化之ansible的安装与使用（包括模块与playbook使用）
我使用过puppet（地址是http://www.yunvn.com/thread-22496-1-1.html）与salt（地址是http://www.yunvn.com/thread-22497-1-1.html），但这2个软件都需要安装客户端，并且更新很快，每次更新都是令人蛋疼的事，尤其是salt，喜欢他的命令功能，但bug太多，不敢在公司线上使用，puppet虽然稳定，但弄命令执行的时候，需要mco配置，非常麻烦，我公司由于跟多家公司合作，很多业务没办法安装客户端，所以没办法使用puppet与salt(虽然salt有ssh，但不太好使），最后找到了ansible，他既有命令执行也有配置管理，关键开发它的语言是python，paramiko进行ssh连接,跟我之前开发的自动管理软件都是使用paramiko进行操作，不需要安装客户端，满足我的需求，下面给大家介绍一下我是如何使用的。一、安装
1、安装第三方epel源
centos 5的epel
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rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
centos 6的epel
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rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
查看系统版本
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17:01:30 # cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
由于是6版本所以安装6的epel
2、安装ansible
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yum install ansible
如果需要自定义module或者想阅读源码、使用最新版本，可以去github里下载源码
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git clone https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git
3、添加主机
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17:22:08 # cd /etc/ansible/
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
17:23:27 # ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5113 Dec 29 03:00 ansible.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root965 Dec 29 03:00 hosts
其中ansible.cfg是配置文件，hosts是管理主机信息
17:24:44 # cat hosts
172.17.0.2:49154
172.17.0.4:49155
172.17.0.2:49154
172.17.0.4:49155
172.17.0.10
4、使用密码登陆
ansible支持正则测试
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16:20:57 # ansible 127* -m ping
SSH password:
127.0.0.1 | success >> {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
16:21:05 # ansible 172* -m ping
SSH password:
172.17.0.5 | success >> {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
172.17.0.4 | success >> {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
172.17.0.2 | success >> {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
如果你有多台服务器的话，想并发运行，可以使用-f参数，默认是并发5
5、使用密钥登陆测试
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11:30:35 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password:
sudo password :
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
xterm
二、模块应用
6、文件传输
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11:30:44 # ansible vpn -m copy -a "src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password:
sudo password :
172.17.0.10 | success >> {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/server",
"gid": 505,
"group": "test",
"md5sum": "e8b32bc4d7b564ac6075a1418ad8841e",
"mode": "0664",
"owner": "test",
"size": 7,
"src": "/home/test/.ansible/tmp/ansible-1402630447.45-253524136818424/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 503
}
去客户端查看文件是否传输过来
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11:34:57 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password:
sudo password :
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 76
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix3124 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.pid
可以看到已经传过来了
看看文件内容
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11:35:09 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "cat /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password:
sudo password :
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
server
内容正常
还有另外一个模块file，可以修改用户与权限
下面是当前文件状态
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13:50:07 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password:
sudo password :
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
server文件是664权限，用户与组都是test
修改一下
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13:51:17 # ansible vpn -m file -a "dest=/tmp/server mode=755 owner=root group=root" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password:
sudo password :
172.17.0.10 | success >> {
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/server",
"size": 7,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
13:51:31 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password:
sudo password :
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server
7、安装软件
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14:20:30 # ansible vpn -m yum -a "name=nmap state=installed" -u test --private-key=denglei -K
SSH password:
sudo password :
172.17.0.10 | success >> {
"changed": true,
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn\nSetting up Install Process\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nmap x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 Base 2.7 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package(s)\n\nTotal download size: 2.7 M\nInstalled size: 9.7 M\nDownloading Packages:\nRunning rpm_check_debug\nRunning Transaction Test\nTransaction Test Succeeded\nRunning Transaction\n\rInstalling : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\rVerifying: 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\nnmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 \n\nComplete!\n"
]
}
三、playbook配置管理
8、playbook
A.进行一下shell模块操作，测试删除文件
先查看一下客户端的server-test是否存在
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# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 00:37 /tmp/server-test
可以看到是存在的
然后写一个删除的playbook
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# cat test.yml
---
- hosts: vpn
remote_user: test
tasks:
- name: delete /tmp/server-test
shell: rm -rf /tmp/server-test
运行
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# ansible-playbook test.yml--private-key=/root/denglei -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: ***********************************************
changed:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
在查看
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# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: cannot access /tmp/server-test: No such file or directory
文件已经删除
B.进行一下template模块操作，测试文件传输
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# cat copy.yml
---
- hosts: vpn
remote_user: test
tasks:
- name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server-test
# ansible-playbook copy.yml--private-key=/root/denglei -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: **************************
changed:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 /tmp/server-test
C.使用service模块，测试一下服务重启
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# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k-K -s
SSH password:
sudo password :
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
Shutting down pptpd:
# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k-K -s
SSH password:
sudo password :
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
Shutting down pptpd:
D.多项目同时更新
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# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 84
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
# vim multi_copy.yml
# cat multi_copy.yml
---
- hosts: vpn
remote_user: test
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-{{item}}
with_items:
- server-1
- server-2
- server-3
# ansible-playbook multi_copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
TASK: **************************
changed: => (item=server-1)
changed: => (item=server-2)
changed: => (item=server-3)
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 96
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
E.根据条件进行删除
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# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 96
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
# cat delete.yml
---
- hosts: vpn
remote_user: test
gather_facts: True
tasks:
- name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
# ansible-playbook delete.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: ************************
changed:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 92
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
F.debug输出
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# cat debug.yml
---
- hosts: vpn
remote_user: test
gather_facts: True
tasks:
- name: debug to print interface
debug: msg="{{item}}"
with_items: ansible_default_ipv4.address
# ansible-playbook debug.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: **********************************************
ok: => (item=10.10.32.34) => {
"item": "10.10.32.34",
"msg": "10.10.32.34"
}
G.check模式，仅检测，但不实行
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# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 92
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --check
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: **************************
changed: => (item=server-1)
ok: => (item=server-2)
ok: => (item=server-3)
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
H.diff
使用diff与不使用作对比
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# ansible vpn -m shell -a "rm -rf/tmp/test-server-1" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 92
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --diff
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: **************************
--- before
+++ after
@@ -1,0 +1,1 @@
+server
changed: => (item=server-1)
ok: => (item=server-2)
ok: => (item=server-3)
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
9、主机信息查看
类似puppet的fact、salt的grains
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# ansible vpn -m setup -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success >> {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"10.10.32.34",
"10.10.32.34"
],
"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
"fe80::f816:3eff:fe3e:1667"
],
"ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_bios_date": "01/01/2007",
"ansible_bios_version": "Bochs",
"ansible_cmdline": {
"KEYBOARDTYPE": "pc",
"KEYTABLE": "us",
"LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",
"quiet": true,
"rd_NO_DM": true,
"rd_NO_LUKS": true,
"rd_NO_LVM": true,
"rd_NO_MD": true,
"rhgb": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "UUID=c6042d42-8edb-4bb4-a31b-2197b043500c"
},
数据太多，我就展示部分。
10、优化ansible-playbook运行时间
默认playbook是进行客户端fact搜集，一般如果你配置里没有使用fact的话，可以关闭这样就能减少运行时间
没有优化的时候
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# cat shell.yml
---
- hosts: vpn
remote_user: test
#gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: echo hi
shell: echo "hi"
# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: ***************************************************************
changed:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
real 0m8.396s
user 0m0.796s
sys 0m0.158s
# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: ***************************************************************
changed:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
real 0m3.309s
user 0m0.724s
sys 0m0.108s
# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: ***************************************************************
changed:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
real 0m3.409s
user 0m0.716s
sys 0m0.099s
可以看到第一次8s，后2次都是3s
下面是优化后（未使用fact）
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# cat shell.yml
---
- hosts: vpn
remote_user: test
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: echo hi
shell: echo "hi"
# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
TASK: ***************************************************************
changed:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
real 0m2.758s
user 0m0.585s
sys 0m0.096s
# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
TASK: ***************************************************************
changed:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
real 0m2.359s
user 0m0.565s
sys 0m0.077s
运行时间就是2s
11、自定义模块
默认的模块放到/usr/share/ansible
在这个目录创建一个目录hostname，然后把下面文件放到此目录
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15:03:26 # cat /usr/share/ansible/hostname/hostname
#!/bin/bash
#This script is modify system hostname
set -e
# This is potentially dangerous
source ${1}
OLDHOSTNAME="$(hostname)"
CHANGED="False"
if [ ! -z "$hostname" -a "${hostname}x" != "${OLDHOSTNAME}x" ];
then
hostname $hostname
OLDHOSTNAME="$hostname"
CHANGED="True"
fi
echo "hostname=${OLDHOSTNAME} changed=${CHANGED}"
exit 0
查看一下vpn的当前hostname
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15:03:29 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
ip-10-10-32-34
然后编写playbook
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15:04:14 # cat /etc/ansible/hostname.yml
- name: Test the hostname file
hosts: vpn
tasks:
- name: Set the hostname
hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34
运行这个模块
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15:04:37 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k
SSH password:
PLAY *************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: ******************************************************
ok:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
然后修改一下hostname.yml的主机名
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16:20:00 # cat hostname.yml
- name: Test the hostname file
hosts: vpn
tasks:
- name: Set the hostname
hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34-test
在playbook运行
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16:26:46 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k -K -s
SSH password:
sudo password :
PLAY *************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: ******************************************************
changed:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible
16:26:55 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
ip-10-10-32-34-test
12、playbook扩展var
扩展var就是在playbook的yml里写入变量，在执行的时候制定变量从而执行，大大的提供了重复使用率
下面做个测试
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# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 96
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 01:44 test-server-1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
可以看到有test-server-1文件
在看看playbook文件内容
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# cat delete_vars.yml
---
- hosts: {{host}}
remote_user: {{user}}
gather_facts: {{gather}}
tasks:
- name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
执行前先检测一下语法是否有问题，使用--synctax-check
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# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
ERROR: Syntax Error while loading YAML script, delete_vars.yml
Note: The error may actually appear before this position: line 2, column 11
---
- hosts: {{host}}
^
This one looks easy to fix.YAML thought it was looking for the start of a
hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{".Most likely this was
meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the
parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to
just quote the entire value.
For instance, if the original line was:
app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo
It should be written as:
app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"
We could be wrong, but this one looks like it might be an issue with
missing quotes.Always quote template expression brackets when they
start a value. For instance:
with_items:
- {{ foo }}
Should be written as:
with_items:
- "{{ foo }}"
This one looks easy to fix.YAML thought it was looking for the start of a
hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{".Most likely this was
meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the
parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to
just quote the entire value.
For instance, if the original line was:
app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo
It should be written as:
app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"
可以看到有问题
解决方法是把var的变量前后添加""或者''
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# cat delete_vars.yml
---
- hosts: "{{host}}"
remote_user: "{{user}}"
gather_facts: "{{gather}}"
tasks:
- name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
然后再检测一下
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# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
playbook: delete_vars.yml
没有问题了，在运行一下
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# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
TASK: ************************
fatal: => error while evaluating conditional: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
FATAL: all hosts have already failed -- aborting
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
to retry, use: --limit @/root/delete_vars.retry
172.17.0.10 : ok=0 changed=0 unreachable=1 failed=0
无法运行，原因是我yml里制定了获取fact信息后，判断如果是redhat系列系统才删除，而我在运行的指定不收集fact，下面在指定收集fact
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# ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: ************************
changed:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
可以看到运行成功了
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# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 92
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
文件删除了
13、tags
使用tag可以让playbook选择性的运行程序
查看一下客户端情况
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# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 92
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
带有tag的yml文件
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# cat delete_vars_tags.yml
---
- hosts: "{{host}}"
remote_user: "{{user}}"
gather_facts: "{{gather}}"
tasks:
- name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1
shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1
when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
tags: server-1
- name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2
shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-2
when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
tags: server-2
做一下错误检测
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# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k --syntax-check
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
playbook: delete_vars_tags.yml
没问题在运行
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# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: ************************
changed:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
查看一下客户端的文件情况
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#ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 88
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
从上面测试可以看到，如果playbook使用了tag，并且在运行中指定tag，那么运行的时候仅允许此tag的信息
下面是测试运行时候不带tag的情况
先创建文件
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# cat copy.yml
---
- hosts: vpn
remote_user: test
tasks:
- name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test
template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-{{item}}
with_items:
- server-1
- server-2
- server-3
# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei-k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: **************************
changed: => (item=server-1)
changed: => (item=server-2)
ok: => (item=server-3)
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
#ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 96
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
然后再不指定tag运行
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# ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True"-k
: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding
timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update
it (ie. yum update gmp).
SSH password:
PLAY ********************************************************************
GATHERING FACTS ***************************************************************
ok:
TASK: ************************
changed:
TASK: ************************
changed:
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************
172.17.0.10 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0
#ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >>
total 88
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 41692 May 21 13:02 config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 server
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test
-rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2444 Apr 282012 vpn_centos6.sh
-rw------- 1 root root 727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix 5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid
可以看到如果不知道tag，那么运行的时候，会全部运行。
FAQ：
1、出现Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!
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SSH password:
172.17.0.4 | FAILED >> {
"failed": true,
"msg": "Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!",
"parsed": false
}
原因是python版本过低，要不升级python要不就安装python-simplejson，下面是官方的话
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On the managed nodes, you only need Python 2.4 or later, but if you are running less than Python 2.5 on the remotes, you will also need:
安装完成后，在查看
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SSH password:
172.17.0.4 | success >> {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
2、默认ansible是使用key验证的，如果使用密码登陆的服务器，使用ansible的话，要不修改ansible.cfg配置文件的ask_pass = True给取消注释，要不就在运行命令时候加上-k，这个意思是-k, --ask-pass ask for SSH password
3、如果客户端不在know_hosts里将会报错
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paramiko: The authenticity of host '172.17.0.5' can't be established.
The ssh-rsa key fingerprint is 397c139fd4b0d763fcffaee346a4bf6b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
如果想解决此问题，需要修改ansible.cfg的#host_key_checking = False取消注释
4、如果出现
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# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei
172.17.0.2 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file
172.17.0.4 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file
需要你在最后添加参数-k
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# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei -k
SSH password:
172.17.0.2 | success | rc=0 >>
xterm
172.17.0.4 | success | rc=0 >>
xterm
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