运维自动化之ansible的安装与使用（包括模块与playbook使用）

786yr

我使用过puppet（地址是http://www.yunvn.com/thread-22496-1-1.html）与salt（地址是http://www.yunvn.com/thread-22497-1-1.html），但这2个软件都需要安装客户端，并且更新很快，每次更新都是令人蛋疼的事，尤其是salt，喜欢他的命令功能，但bug太多，不敢在公司线上使用，puppet虽然稳定，但弄命令执行的时候，需要mco配置，非常麻烦，我公司由于跟多家公司合作，很多业务没办法安装客户端，所以没办法使用puppet与salt(虽然salt有ssh，但不太好使），最后找到了ansible，他既有命令执行也有配置管理，关键开发它的语言是python，paramiko进行ssh连接,跟我之前开发的自动管理软件都是使用paramiko进行操作，不需要安装客户端，满足我的需求，下面给大家介绍一下我是如何使用的。
一、安装
1、安装第三方epel源
centos 5的epel

1	rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-e ... ease-5-4.noarch.rpm

centos 6的epel

1	rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-e ... ease-6-8.noarch.rpm

查看系统版本

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17:01:30 # cat /etc/issue CentOS release 6.5 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m

由于是6版本所以安装6的epel
2、安装ansible

1	yum install ansible

如果需要自定义module或者想阅读源码、使用最新版本，可以去github里下载源码

1	git clone https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git

3、添加主机

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17:22:08 # cd /etc/ansible/ root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible 17:23:27 # ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5113 Dec 29 03:00 ansible.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  965 Dec 29 03:00 hosts 其中ansible.cfg是配置文件，hosts是管理主机信息 17:24:44 # cat hosts 172.17.0.2:49154 172.17.0.4:49155 [zabbix] 172.17.0.2:49154 172.17.0.4:49155 [vpn] 172.17.0.10

4、使用密码登陆
ansible支持正则测试

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16:20:57 # ansible 127* -m ping SSH password: 127.0.0.1 | success >> {     "changed": false,     "ping": "pong" } root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible 16:21:05 # ansible 172* -m ping SSH password: 172.17.0.5 | success >> {     "changed": false,     "ping": "pong" } 172.17.0.4 | success >> {     "changed": false,     "ping": "pong" } 172.17.0.2 | success >> {     "changed": false,     "ping": "pong" }

如果你有多台服务器的话，想并发运行，可以使用-f参数，默认是并发5
5、使用密钥登陆测试

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11:30:35 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> xterm

二、模块应用

6、文件传输

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11:30:44 # ansible vpn -m copy -a "src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success >> {     "changed": true,     "dest": "/tmp/server",     "gid": 505,     "group": "test",     "md5sum": "e8b32bc4d7b564ac6075a1418ad8841e",     "mode": "0664",     "owner": "test",     "size": 7,     "src": "/home/test/.ansible/tmp/ansible-1402630447.45-253524136818424/source",     "state": "file",     "uid": 503 }

去客户端查看文件是否传输过来

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11:34:57 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 76 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  3124 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 12 21:32 zabbix_agentd.pid

可以看到已经传过来了
看看文件内容

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11:35:09 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "cat /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> server

内容正常
还有另外一个模块file，可以修改用户与权限
下面是当前文件状态

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13:50:07 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server

server文件是664权限，用户与组都是test
修改一下

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13:51:17 # ansible vpn -m file -a "dest=/tmp/server mode=755 owner=root group=root" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success >> {     "changed": true,     "gid": 0,     "group": "root",     "mode": "0755",     "owner": "root",     "path": "/tmp/server",     "size": 7,     "state": "file",     "uid": 0 } root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible 13:51:31 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7 Jun 13 19:33 /tmp/server

7、安装软件

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14:20:30 # ansible vpn -m yum -a "name=nmap state=installed" -u test --private-key=denglei -K SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success >> {     "changed": true,     "msg": "",     "rc": 0,     "results": [         "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn\nSetting up Install Process\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package        Arch             Version                   Repository      Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nmap           x86_64           2:5.51-3.el6              Base           2.7 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall       1 Package(s)\n\nTotal download size: 2.7 M\nInstalled size: 9.7 M\nDownloading Packages:\nRunning rpm_check_debug\nRunning Transaction Test\nTransaction Test Succeeded\nRunning Transaction\n\r  Installing : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64                                     1/1 \n\r  Verifying  : 2:nmap-5.51-3.el6.x86_64                                     1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n  nmap.x86_64 2:5.51-3.el6                                                      \n\nComplete!\n"     ] }

三、playbook配置管理
8、playbook
A.进行一下shell模块操作，测试删除文件
先查看一下客户端的server-test是否存在

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 00:37 /tmp/server-test

可以看到是存在的
然后写一个删除的playbook

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# cat test.yml --- - hosts: vpn   remote_user: test   tasks:   - name: delete /tmp/server-test     shell: rm -rf /tmp/server-test

运行

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook test.yml  --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [delete /tmp/server-test] *********************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0

在查看

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | FAILED | rc=2 >> ls: cannot access /tmp/server-test: No such file or directory

文件已经删除
B.进行一下template模块操作，测试文件传输

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml --- - hosts: vpn   remote_user: test   tasks:   - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test     template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/server-test [iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml  --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    [iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/server-test" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> -rw-rw-r-- 1 test test 7 Jun 14 17:07 /tmp/server-test

C.使用service模块，测试一下服务重启

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  -K -s SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> Shutting down pptpd:                                       [  OK  ] [iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "/etc/init.d/pptpd stop" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k  -K -s SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> Shutting down pptpd:                                       [  OK  ]

D.多项目同时更新

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 84 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [iyunv@puppet ansible]# vim multi_copy.yml [iyunv@puppet ansible]# cat multi_copy.yml --- - hosts: vpn   remote_user: test   gather_facts: False   tasks:   - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test     template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-{{item}}     with_items:       - server-1       - server-2       - server-3 [iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook multi_copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=1    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    [iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

E.根据条件进行删除

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [iyunv@puppet ansible]# cat delete.yml --- - hosts: vpn   remote_user: test   gather_facts: True   tasks:   - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1     shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1     when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" [iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook delete.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    [iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

F.debug输出

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# cat debug.yml --- - hosts: vpn   remote_user: test   gather_facts: True   tasks:   - name: debug to print interface     debug: msg="{{item}}"     with_items: ansible_default_ipv4.address [iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook debug.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [debug to print interface] ********************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=10.10.32.34) => {     "item": "10.10.32.34",     "msg": "10.10.32.34" }

G.check模式，仅检测，但不实行

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0

H.diff
使用diff与不使用作对比

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "rm -rf  /tmp/test-server-1" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> [iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid [iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei -k --diff [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** --- before +++ after @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ +server changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0

9、主机信息查看
类似puppet的fact、salt的grains

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m setup -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success >> {     "ansible_facts": {         "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [             "10.10.32.34",             "10.10.32.34"         ],         "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [             "fe80::f816:3eff:fe3e:1667"         ],         "ansible_architecture": "x86_64",         "ansible_bios_date": "01/01/2007",         "ansible_bios_version": "Bochs",         "ansible_cmdline": {             "KEYBOARDTYPE": "pc",             "KEYTABLE": "us",             "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8",             "quiet": true,             "rd_NO_DM": true,             "rd_NO_LUKS": true,             "rd_NO_LVM": true,             "rd_NO_MD": true,             "rhgb": true,             "ro": true,             "root": "UUID=c6042d42-8edb-4bb4-a31b-2197b043500c"         },

数据太多，我就展示部分。
10、优化ansible-playbook运行时间
默认playbook是进行客户端fact搜集，一般如果你配置里没有使用fact的话，可以关闭这样就能减少运行时间
没有优化的时候

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# cat shell.yml --- - hosts: vpn   remote_user: test #  gather_facts: False   tasks:   - name: echo hi     shell: echo "hi" [iyunv@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    real    0m8.396s user    0m0.796s sys 0m0.158s [iyunv@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    real    0m3.309s user    0m0.724s sys 0m0.108s [iyunv@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    real    0m3.409s user    0m0.716s sys 0m0.099s

可以看到第一次8s，后2次都是3s
下面是优化后（未使用fact）

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# cat shell.yml --- - hosts: vpn   remote_user: test   gather_facts: False   tasks:   - name: echo hi     shell: echo "hi" [iyunv@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=1    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    real    0m2.758s user    0m0.585s sys 0m0.096s [iyunv@puppet ansible]# time ansible-playbook shell.yml -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** TASK: [echo hi] *************************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=1    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    real    0m2.359s user    0m0.565s sys 0m0.077s

运行时间就是2s
11、自定义模块
默认的模块放到/usr/share/ansible
在这个目录创建一个目录hostname，然后把下面文件放到此目录

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15:03:26 # cat /usr/share/ansible/hostname/hostname #!/bin/bash #This script is modify system hostname set -e # This is potentially dangerous source ${1} OLDHOSTNAME="$(hostname)" CHANGED="False" if [ ! -z "$hostname" -a "${hostname}x" != "${OLDHOSTNAME}x" ]; then hostname $hostname OLDHOSTNAME="$hostname" CHANGED="True" fi echo "hostname=${OLDHOSTNAME} changed=${CHANGED}" exit 0

查看一下vpn的当前hostname

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15:03:29 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> ip-10-10-32-34

然后编写playbook

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15:04:14 # cat /etc/ansible/hostname.yml - name: Test the hostname file   hosts: vpn   tasks:     - name: Set the hostname       hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34

运行这个模块

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15:04:37 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k SSH password: PLAY [Test the hostname file] ************************************************* GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [Set the hostname] ****************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0

然后修改一下hostname.yml的主机名

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16:20:00 # cat hostname.yml - name: Test the hostname file   hosts: vpn   tasks:     - name: Set the hostname       hostname: hostname=ip-10-10-32-34-test

在playbook运行

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16:26:46 # ansible-playbook hostname.yml -u test --private-key=denglei -M /usr/share/ansible/hostname -k -K -s SSH password: sudo password [defaults to SSH password]: PLAY [Test the hostname file] ************************************************* GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [Set the hostname] ****************************************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    root@ip-10-10-10-10:/etc/ansible 16:26:55 # ansible vpn -m shell -a "hostname" -u test --private-key=denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> ip-10-10-32-34-test

12、playbook扩展var
扩展var就是在playbook的yml里写入变量，在执行的时候制定变量从而执行，大大的提供了重复使用率
下面做个测试

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 01:44 test-server-1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

可以看到有test-server-1文件
在看看playbook文件内容

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml --- - hosts: {{host}}   remote_user: {{user}}   gather_facts: {{gather}}   tasks:   - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1     shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1     when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"

执行前先检测一下语法是否有问题，使用--synctax-check

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). ERROR: Syntax Error while loading YAML script, delete_vars.yml Note: The error may actually appear before this position: line 2, column 11 --- - hosts: {{host}}           ^ This one looks easy to fix.  YAML thought it was looking for the start of a hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{".  Most likely this was meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to just quote the entire value. For instance, if the original line was:     app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo It should be written as:     app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo" We could be wrong, but this one looks like it might be an issue with missing quotes.  Always quote template expression brackets when they start a value. For instance:                 with_items:       - {{ foo }} Should be written as:     with_items:       - "{{ foo }}"       This one looks easy to fix.  YAML thought it was looking for the start of a hash/dictionary and was confused to see a second "{".  Most likely this was meant to be an ansible template evaluation instead, so we have to give the parser a small hint that we wanted a string instead. The solution here is to just quote the entire value. For instance, if the original line was:     app_path: {{ base_path }}/foo It should be written as:     app_path: "{{ base_path }}/foo"

可以看到有问题
解决方法是把var的变量前后添加""或者''

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars.yml --- - hosts: "{{host}}"   remote_user: "{{user}}"   gather_facts: "{{gather}}"   tasks:   - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1     shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1     when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"

然后再检测一下

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k --syntax-check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). playbook: delete_vars.yml

没有问题了，在运行一下

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=False" -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ fatal: [172.17.0.10] => error while evaluating conditional: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" FATAL: all hosts have already failed -- aborting PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************            to retry, use: --limit @/root/delete_vars.retry 172.17.0.10             : ok=0    changed=0    unreachable=1    failed=0

无法运行，原因是我yml里制定了获取fact信息后，判断如果是redhat系列系统才删除，而我在运行的指定不收集fact，下面在指定收集fact

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0

可以看到运行成功了

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

文件删除了
13、tags
使用tag可以让playbook选择性的运行程序
查看一下客户端情况

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

带有tag的yml文件

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# cat delete_vars_tags.yml --- - hosts: "{{host}}"   remote_user: "{{user}}"   gather_facts: "{{gather}}"   tasks:   - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1     shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-1     when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"     tags: server-1   - name: if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2     shell: rm -rf /tmp/test-server-2     when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"     tags: server-2

做一下错误检测

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k --syntax-check [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). playbook: delete_vars_tags.yml

没问题在运行

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True" --tags server-2 -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0

查看一下客户端的文件情况

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]#  ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 88 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

从上面测试可以看到，如果playbook使用了tag，并且在运行中指定tag，那么运行的时候仅允许此tag的信息
下面是测试运行时候不带tag的情况
先创建文件

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# cat copy.yml --- - hosts: vpn   remote_user: test   tasks:   - name: copy local server to client /tmp/server-test     template: src=/tmp/server dest=/tmp/test-{{item}}     with_items:       - server-1       - server-2       - server-3 [iyunv@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook copy.yml --private-key=/root/denglei  -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [copy local server to client /tmp/server-test] ************************** changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-1) changed: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-2) ok: [172.17.0.10] => (item=server-3) PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=2    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    [iyunv@puppet ansible]#  ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 96 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-1 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 19 19:02 test-server-2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

然后再不指定tag运行

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]#   ansible-playbook delete_vars_tags.yml --private-key=/root/denglei --extra-vars "host=vpn user=test gather=True"  -k [WARNING]: The version of gmp you have installed has a known issue regarding timing vulnerabilities when used with pycrypto. If possible, you should update it (ie. yum update gmp). SSH password: PLAY [vpn] ******************************************************************** GATHERING FACTS *************************************************************** ok: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-1] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] TASK: [if system is centos,then rm /tmp/test-server-2] ************************ changed: [172.17.0.10] PLAY RECAP ******************************************************************** 172.17.0.10             : ok=3    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    [iyunv@puppet ansible]#  ansible vpn -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/" -u test --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.10 | success | rc=0 >> total 88 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   41692 May 21 13:02 config -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    1228 Jun 12 18:24 install_pptpd_vpn.sh -rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root       7 Jun 13 19:33 server -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 14 17:07 server-test -rw-rw-r-- 1 test   test       7 Jun 18 00:50 test-server-3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      82 Jun 12 18:21 test.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root     290 Jun 12 18:21 test.sh -rw-r--r-- 1 root   root    2444 Apr 28  2012 vpn_centos6.sh -rw------- 1 root   root     727 Jun 10 18:21 yum_save_tx-2014-06-10-18-21UrqDAp.yumtx -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix  4664 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 zabbix zabbix     5 Jun 14 00:30 zabbix_agentd.pid

可以看到如果不知道tag，那么运行的时候，会全部运行。
FAQ：
1、出现Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!

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SSH password: 172.17.0.4 | FAILED >> {     "failed": true,     "msg": "Error: ansible requires a json module, none found!",     "parsed": false }

原因是python版本过低，要不升级python要不就安装python-simplejson，下面是官方的话

1	On the managed nodes, you only need Python 2.4 or later, but if you are running less than Python 2.5 on the remotes, you will also need:

安装完成后，在查看

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SSH password: 172.17.0.4 | success >> {     "changed": false,     "ping": "pong" }

2、默认ansible是使用key验证的，如果使用密码登陆的服务器，使用ansible的话，要不修改ansible.cfg配置文件的ask_pass      = True给取消注释，要不就在运行命令时候加上-k，这个意思是-k, --ask-pass        ask for SSH password
3、如果客户端不在know_hosts里将会报错

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paramiko: The authenticity of host '172.17.0.5' can't be established. The ssh-rsa key fingerprint is 397c139fd4b0d763fcffaee346a4bf6b. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

如果想解决此问题，需要修改ansible.cfg的#host_key_checking = False取消注释
4、如果出现

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei 172.17.0.2 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file 172.17.0.4 | FAILED => FAILED: not a valid DSA private key file

需要你在最后添加参数-k

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[iyunv@puppet ansible]# ansible zabbix -m shell -a "echo $TERM" -u denglei --private-key=/root/denglei -k SSH password: 172.17.0.2 | success | rc=0 >> xterm 172.17.0.4 | success | rc=0 >> xterm