Apache+varnish（高性能开源HTTP加速器）搭建负载均衡集群
实验环境：RHEL6.5实验环境4台
真机进行访问测试 willis.example.com 172.25.254.6 虚拟机1（缓存端） varnish.example.com 172.25.254.8 虚拟机2（服务器端1） web1.example.com 172.25.254.10 虚拟机3（服务器端2） web2.example.com 172.25.254.20 两台服务器主要用于负载均衡实验。实验内容：1.服务器端安装Apache
2.代理端(缓存端)安装配置varnish
3.缓存无法同步问题
4.虚拟主机
5.网页重写
6.负载均衡器
安装包：varnish-3.0.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
varnish-libs-3.0.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
1.服务器端安装Apache
1.1 服务器端1
# yum install httpd -y
# vim /var/www/html/index.html
web1's page
# /etc/init.d/httpd start
1.2服务器端2
# yum install httpd -y # vim /var/www/html/index.html web2's page # /etc/init.d/httpd start
2.代理端(缓存端)安装配置varnish
# ls
varnish-3.0.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpmvarnish-libs-3.0.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
# yum install * -y
# vim /etc/sysconfig/varnis
VARNISH_LISTEN_PORT=80 ##设定varnish的端口为80
# vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl
backend web1 {
.host = "172.25.254.10"; ##指定apache所在主机ip(本次实验服务器1/2端都可以)
.port = "80"; ##apache端口
}
# /etc/init.d/varnish start
Starting Varnish Cache:
# vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl ##设置缓存命中信息
sub vcl_deliver{
if(obj.hits>0){
set resp.http.X-Cache="HIT from willis cache"; ##缓存命中
}
else{
set resp.http.X-Cache="MISS from willis cache"; ##缓存未命中
}
return(deliver);
}
# service varnish reload
Loading vcl from /etc/varnish/default.vcl
Current running config name is boot
Using new config name reload_2016-09-15T05:19:54
VCL compiled.
available 0 boot
active 0 reload_2016-09-15T05:19:54
Done
3.缓存无法同步问题
3.1 缓存端，访问缓存不过期页面无法刷新
# curl http://172.25.254.8
web1's page
# curl -I http://172.25.254.8
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Red Hat)
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:02:59 GMT
ETag: "1fcb4-c-53c7e0dd4191f"
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 12
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Date: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:43:54 GMT
X-Varnish: 1470288177 1470288175
Age: 95
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Cache: HIT from willis cache
# curl -I http://172.25.254.8
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Red Hat)
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:02:59 GMT
ETag: "1fcb4-c-53c7e0dd4191f"
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 12
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Date: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:43:59 GMT
X-Varnish: 1470288178 1470288175
Age: 100
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Cache: HIT from willis cache
3.2 通过 varnishadm 手动清除缓存
# varnishadm ban.url .*$ #清除所有
# varnishadm ban.url /index.html #清除 index.html 页面缓存
# varnishadm ban.url /admin/$ #清除 admin 目录缓存
# curl -Ihttp://172.25.254.8
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Red Hat)
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:02:59 GMT
ETag: "1fcb4-c-53c7e0dd4191f"
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 12
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Date: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:52:42 GMT
X-Varnish: 1470288192 1470288185
Age: 51
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Cache: HIT from willis cache
# varnishadm ban.url /index.html
# curl -Ihttp://172.25.254.8
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Red Hat)
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:02:59 GMT
ETag: "1fcb4-c-53c7e0dd4191f"
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 12
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Date: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:53:24 GMT
X-Varnish: 1470288193 1470288185
Age: 93
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Cache: HIT from willis cache
4.虚拟主机
4.1服务端1设置
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin /www/willis.com/html
DocumentRoot www.willis.com
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin /www/linux.com/html
DocumentRoot www.linux.com
</VirtualHost>
# mkdir -p /www/willis.com/html
# mkdir -p /www/linux.com/html
# echo "web1 willis's page ">/www/willis.com/html/index.html
# echo "web1 linux's page ">/www/linux.com/html/index.html
# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
4.2 服务端2设置
# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin /www/willis.com/html DocumentRoot www.willis.com</VirtualHost><VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin /www/linux.com/html DocumentRoot www.linux.com</VirtualHost># mkdir -p /www/willis.com/html# mkdir -p /www/linux.com/html# echo "web2 willis's page ">/www/willis.com/html/index.html# echo "web2 linux's page ">/www/linux.com/html/index.html# /etc/init.d/httpd restart 4.3访问端测试
# vim /etc/hosts
172.25.254.8 www.willis.com
172.25.254.8 www.linux.com
###注意，前面指定 .host = "172.25.254.10"，所以访问结果为服务器1端的网页内容
5.网页重写
# vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl
backend web1 {
.host = "172.25.254.10";
.port = "80";
}
backend web2 {
.host="172.25.254.20";
.port="80";
}
sub vcl_recv { ##网页缓存
if (req.http.host ~ "^(www.)?willis.com" ) { ##访问中是否带www
set req.http.host = "www.willis.com"; ##都定向到www上
set req.backend = web1; ##访问web1
}
elsif (req.http.host ~ "^(www.)?linux.com" ) {
set req.http.host = "www.linux.com";
set req.backend = web1;
}
else {error 404 "westos cache";
}
}
# /etc/init.d/varnish restart
访问端测试
访问 willis.com自动跳转成www.willis.com
访问 linux.com自动跳转成www.linux.com
6.负载均衡器
已经提前配好好两台服务器，本实验只需配置缓存端
# vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl
backend web1 {
.host = "172.25.254.10";
.port = "80";
}
backend web2 {
.host="172.25.254.20";
.port="80";
}
director willislb round-robin {
{ .backend = web1; }
{ .backend = web2; }
}
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.http.host ~ "^(www.)?westos.com" ) {
set req.http.host = "www.westos.com";
set req.backend = willislb; ##修改
return (pass); ##方便测试，不缓存
}
elsif (req.http.host ~ "^(www.)?linux.com" ) {
set req.http.host = "www.linux.com";
set req.backend = willislb; ##修改
return (pass); ##方便测试，不缓存
}
else {error 404 "westos cache";
}
}
访问端测试：
linux.com或者willis.com网页重写，刷新可看到内容的变化
刷新：
刷新：
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