Apache+varnish（高性能开源HTTP加速器）搭建负载均衡集群

4321oiuy

实验环境：RHEL6.5
                实验环境4台

                真机进行访问测试     willis.example.com         172.25.254.6

                虚拟机1（缓存端）   varnish.example.com       172.25.254.8

                虚拟机2（服务器端1） web1.example.com     172.25.254.10

                虚拟机3（服务器端2） web2.example.com     172.25.254.20

                两台服务器主要用于负载均衡实验。

实验内容：1.服务器端安装Apache
                 2.代理端(缓存端)安装配置varnish
                 3.缓存无法同步问题
                 4.虚拟主机
                 5.网页重写
                 6.负载均衡器
安装包：varnish-3.0.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
             varnish-libs-3.0.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

1.服务器端安装Apache
    1.1 服务器端1
[iyunv@web1 ~]# yum install httpd -y
[iyunv@web1 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
                         web1's page   
[iyunv@web1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
   1.2服务器端2

[iyunv@web2 ~]# yum install httpd -y

[iyunv@web2 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html

                         web2's page   

[iyunv@web2 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd start

2.代理端(缓存端)安装配置varnish
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# ls
        varnish-3.0.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm  varnish-libs-3.0.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# yum install * -y
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# vim /etc/sysconfig/varnis
       VARNISH_LISTEN_PORT=80                ##设定varnish的端口为80
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl
        backend web1 {
         .host = "172.25.254.10";      ##指定apache所在主机ip(本次实验服务器1/2端都可以)
          .port = "80";                ##apache端口
        }
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# /etc/init.d/varnish start
        Starting Varnish Cache:                                    [  OK  ]
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl          ##设置缓存命中信息
sub vcl_deliver{
    if(obj.hits>0){
        set resp.http.X-Cache="HIT from willis cache";         ##缓存命中
        }
     else{
        set resp.http.X-Cache="MISS from willis cache";         ##缓存未命中
        }
    return(deliver);
    }
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# service varnish reload
Loading vcl from /etc/varnish/default.vcl
Current running config name is boot
Using new config name reload_2016-09-15T05:19:54
VCL compiled.
available       0 boot
active          0 reload_2016-09-15T05:19:54
Done

3.缓存无法同步问题
    3.1 缓存端，访问缓存不过期页面无法刷新
[iyunv@varnish ~]# curl http://172.25.254.8     
web1's page
[iyunv@varnish ~]# curl -I http://172.25.254.8
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Red Hat)
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:02:59 GMT
ETag: "1fcb4-c-53c7e0dd4191f"
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 12
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Date: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:43:54 GMT
X-Varnish: 1470288177 1470288175
Age: 95
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Cache: HIT from willis cache
[iyunv@varnish ~]# curl -I http://172.25.254.8
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Red Hat)
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:02:59 GMT
ETag: "1fcb4-c-53c7e0dd4191f"
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 12
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Date: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:43:59 GMT
X-Varnish: 1470288178 1470288175
Age: 100
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Cache: HIT from willis cache

3.2 通过 varnishadm 手动清除缓存
# varnishadm ban.url .*$                  #清除所有
# varnishadm ban.url /index.html         #清除 index.html 页面缓存
# varnishadm ban.url /admin/$                #清除 admin 目录缓存
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# curl -I  http://172.25.254.8
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Red Hat)
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:02:59 GMT
ETag: "1fcb4-c-53c7e0dd4191f"
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 12
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Date: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:52:42 GMT
X-Varnish: 1470288192 1470288185
Age: 51
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Cache: HIT from willis cache
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# varnishadm ban.url /index.html
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# curl -I  http://172.25.254.8
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: Apache/2.2.15 (Red Hat)
Last-Modified: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:02:59 GMT
ETag: "1fcb4-c-53c7e0dd4191f"
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 12
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Date: Wed, 14 Sep 2016 21:53:24 GMT
X-Varnish: 1470288193 1470288185
Age: 93
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Cache: HIT from willis cache

4.虚拟主机
    4.1服务端1设置
[iyunv@web1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin /www/willis.com/html
    DocumentRoot www.willis.com
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin /www/linux.com/html
    DocumentRoot www.linux.com
</VirtualHost>
[iyunv@web1 ~]# mkdir -p /www/willis.com/html
[iyunv@web1 ~]# mkdir -p /www/linux.com/html
[iyunv@web1 ~]# echo "web1 willis's page ">/www/willis.com/html/index.html
[iyunv@web1 ~]# echo "web1 linux's page ">/www/linux.com/html/index.html
[iyunv@web1 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart
    4.2 服务端2设置

[iyunv@web2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin /www/willis.com/html

    DocumentRoot www.willis.com

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>

    ServerAdmin /www/linux.com/html

    DocumentRoot www.linux.com

</VirtualHost>

[iyunv@web2 ~]# mkdir -p /www/willis.com/html

[iyunv@web2 ~]# mkdir -p /www/linux.com/html

[iyunv@web2 ~]# echo "web2 willis's page ">/www/willis.com/html/index.html

[iyunv@web2 ~]# echo "web2 linux's page ">/www/linux.com/html/index.html

[iyunv@web2 ~]# /etc/init.d/httpd restart

    4.3访问端测试
[iyunv@willis ~]# vim /etc/hosts
172.25.254.8      www.willis.com
172.25.254.8     www.linux.com
  ###注意，前面指定 .host = "172.25.254.10"，所以访问结果为服务器1端的网页内容  

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5.网页重写
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl
backend web1 {
  .host = "172.25.254.10";
  .port = "80";
}
backend web2 {
   .host="172.25.254.20";
   .port="80";
}
sub vcl_recv {                                ##网页缓存      
   if (req.http.host ~ "^(www.)?willis.com" ) {      ##访问中是否带www
        set req.http.host = "www.willis.com";        ##都定向到www上
        set req.backend = web1;                  ##访问web1
        }
        elsif (req.http.host ~ "^(www.)?linux.com" ) {
        set req.http.host = "www.linux.com";
        set req.backend = web1;
        }
        else {error 404 "westos cache";
        }
}
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# /etc/init.d/varnish restart
    访问端测试
   访问 willis.com自动跳转成www.willis.com
   访问 linux.com自动跳转成www.linux.com

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6.负载均衡器

已经提前配好好两台服务器，本实验只需配置缓存端
[iyunv@varnish mnt]# vim /etc/varnish/default.vcl
backend web1 {
  .host = "172.25.254.10";
  .port = "80";
}
backend web2 {
   .host="172.25.254.20";
   .port="80";
}
director willislb round-robin {
        { .backend = web1; }
        { .backend = web2; }
}
sub vcl_recv {
        if (req.http.host ~ "^(www.)?westos.com" ) {
        set req.http.host = "www.westos.com";
        set req.backend = willislb;                 ##修改
       return (pass);                                ##方便测试，不缓存
        }
        elsif (req.http.host ~ "^(www.)?linux.com" ) {
        set req.http.host = "www.linux.com";
        set req.backend = willislb;                 ##修改
      return (pass);                                 ##方便测试，不缓存
        }
        else {error 404 "westos cache";
        }
}

访问端测试：
linux.com或者willis.com  网页重写，刷新可看到内容的变化

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