RabbitMQ的Python操作
RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。消息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。
一、RabbitMQ安装
安装配置epel源
$ rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
安装erlang
$ yum -y install erlang
安装RabbitMQ
$ yum -y install rabbitmq-server
注意：service rabbitmq-server start/stop
安装API、
pip install pika or easy_install pika or源码
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pika
使用API操作RabbitMQ
基于Queue实现生产者消费者模型
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import Queue
import threading
message = Queue.Queue(10)
def producer(i):
while True:
message.put(i)
def consumer(i):
while True:
msg = message.get()
for i in range(12):
t = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(i,))
t.start()
for i in range(10):
t = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(i,))
t.start()
对于RabbitMQ来说，生产和消费不再针对内存里的一个Queue对象，而是某台服务器上的RabbitMQ Server实现的消息队列。
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
# ######################### 生产者 #########################
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
routing_key='hello',
body='Hello World!')
print(" Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
# ########################## 消费者 ##########################
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" Received %r" % body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='hello',
no_ack=True)
print('
[*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
1、acknowledgment 消息不丢失
no-ack ＝ False，如果消费者遇到情况(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)挂掉了，那么，RabbitMQ会重新将该任务添加到队列中。
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" Received %r" % body)
import time
time.sleep(10)
print 'ok'
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='hello',
no_ack=False)
print('
[*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
2、durable 消息不丢失
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True)
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
routing_key='hello',
body='Hello World!',
properties=pika.BasicProperties(
delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent
))
print(" Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True)
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" Received %r" % body)
import time
time.sleep(10)
print 'ok'
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='hello',
no_ack=False)
print('
[*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
3、消息获取顺序
默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走，例如：消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务，消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取，不再按照奇偶数排列
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" Received %r" % body)
import time
time.sleep(10)
print 'ok'
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='hello',
no_ack=False)
print('
[*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
4、发布订阅
发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于，发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者，而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。所以，RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时，会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列，而发布者发布消息时，会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。
exchange type = fanout
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
type='fanout')
message = ' '.join(sys.argv) or "info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',
routing_key='',
body=message)
print(" Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
type='fanout')
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs',
queue=queue_name)
print('
[*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" %r" % body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
5、关键字发送
exchange type = direct
之前事例，发送消息时明确指定某个队列并向其中发送消息，RabbitMQ还支持根据关键字发送，即：队列绑定关键字，发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange，exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
type='direct')
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
severities = sys.argv
if not severities:
sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s \n" % sys.argv)
sys.exit(1)
for severity in severities:
channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key=severity)
print('
[*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
type='direct')
severity = sys.argv if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
routing_key=severity,
body=message)
print(" Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))
connection.close()
6、模糊匹配
exchange type = topic
在topic类型下，可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字，之后发送者将数据发送到exchange，exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配，匹配成功，则将数据发送到指定队列。
# 表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词
* 表示只能匹配 一个 单词
1
2
3
发送者路由值 队列中
old.boy.python old.* -- 不匹配
old.boy.python old.# -- 匹配
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
type='topic')
result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
binding_keys = sys.argv
if not binding_keys:
sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s ...\n" % sys.argv)
sys.exit(1)
for binding_key in binding_keys:
channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key=binding_key)
print('
[*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
channel.start_consuming()
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
type='topic')
routing_key = sys.argv if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
routing_key=routing_key,
body=message)
print(" Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))
connection.close()
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