RabbitMQ的Python操作

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　　RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。
　　MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。消息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。
　　一、RabbitMQ安装
　　安装配置epel源
$ rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
安装erlang
$ yum -y install erlang
安装RabbitMQ
$ yum -y install rabbitmq-server
注意：service rabbitmq-server start/stop
　　安装API、
　　pip install pika or easy_install pika or源码
　　
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pika
使用API操作RabbitMQ
　　基于Queue实现生产者消费者模型
　　#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import Queue
import threading
　　message = Queue.Queue(10)
　　def producer(i):
while True:
message.put(i)
　　def consumer(i):
while True:
msg = message.get()
　　for i in range(12):
t = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(i,))
t.start()
　　for i in range(10):
t = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(i,))
t.start()
　　对于RabbitMQ来说，生产和消费不再针对内存里的一个Queue对象，而是某台服务器上的RabbitMQ Server实现的消息队列。
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika

# ######################### 生产者 #########################

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
routing_key='hello',
body='Hello World!')
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()
　　#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika

# ########################## 消费者 ##########################

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')

def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='hello',
no_ack=True)

print('

Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
　　
1、acknowledgment 消息不丢失
　　no-ack ＝ False，如果消费者遇到情况(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)挂掉了，那么，RabbitMQ会重新将该任务添加到队列中。
　　import pika
　　connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
　　channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
　　def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
import time
time.sleep(10)
print 'ok'
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
　　channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='hello',
no_ack=False)
　　print('

Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
　　2、durable 消息不丢失
　　#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
　　connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
　　# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True)
　　channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
routing_key='hello',
body='Hello World!',
properties=pika.BasicProperties(
delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent
))
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()
　　
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika
　　connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
　　# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True)
　　
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
import time
time.sleep(10)
print 'ok'
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
　　channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='hello',
no_ack=False)
　　print('

Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
　　3、消息获取顺序
　　默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走，例如：消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务，消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。
　　channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取，不再按照奇偶数排列
　　
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika
　　connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4'))
channel = connection.channel()
　　# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
　　
def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
import time
time.sleep(10)
print 'ok'
ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)
　　channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)
　　channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue='hello',
no_ack=False)
　　print('

Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()
　　
4、发布订阅
　　
发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于，发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者，而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。所以，RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时，会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列，而发布者发布消息时，会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。
　　exchange type = fanout
　　
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
　　connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
　　channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
type='fanout')
　　message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"
channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs',
routing_key='',
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)
connection.close()
　　
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
　　connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
　　channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs',
type='fanout')
　　result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
　　channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs',
queue=queue_name)
　　print('

Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
　　def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r" % body)
　　channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
　　channel.start_consuming()
　　
5、关键字发送
　　exchange type = direct
　　之前事例，发送消息时明确指定某个队列并向其中发送消息，RabbitMQ还支持根据关键字发送，即：队列绑定关键字，发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange，exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。
　　
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
　　connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
　　channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
type='direct')
　　result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
　　severities = sys.argv[1:]
if not severities:
sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(1)
　　for severity in severities:
channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key=severity)
　　print('

Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
　　def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
　　channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
　　channel.start_consuming()
　　
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
　　connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
　　channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs',
type='direct')
　　severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs',
routing_key=severity,
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message))
connection.close()
　　6、模糊匹配
　　exchange type = topic
　　在topic类型下，可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字，之后发送者将数据发送到exchange，exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配，匹配成功，则将数据发送到指定队列。
　　# 表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词
* 表示只能匹配 一个 单词
1
2
3
发送者路由值 队列中
old.boy.python old.* -- 不匹配
old.boy.python old.# -- 匹配
　　
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
　　connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
　　channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
type='topic')
　　result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue
　　binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]
if not binding_keys:
sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0])
sys.exit(1)
　　for binding_key in binding_keys:
channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs',
queue=queue_name,
routing_key=binding_key)
　　print('

Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')
　　def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))
　　channel.basic_consume(callback,
queue=queue_name,
no_ack=True)
　　channel.start_consuming()
　　
#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys
　　connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
　　channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs',
type='topic')
　　routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs',
routing_key=routing_key,
body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))
connection.close()