两台LAP和一台NFS+MySQL+DNS实现LAMP负载均衡访问
项目环境：RHEL6.6-i386源：remi,epel，本地源
各软件版本：
httpd-2.4.10.tar.bz2
openlogic-mysql-5.6.10-linux-ia32-bin-glibc2.5-1.zip
php-5.4.13.tar.bz2
Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
主机A IP：192.168.1.2 搭建DNS服务器，NFS服务器，MySQL服务器
主机B IP：192.168.1.3 安装apache和php
主机C IP：192.168.1.4 安装apache和php
域名：mingxiao.info
实施规划：
主机A搭建的NFS服务器共享/shared目录，主机B和主机C将主机A共享的/shared目录挂载至本地的/www/mingxiao目录，当做Apache的DocumenRoot。当通过主机A的IP和主机B的IP来访问页面时，页面内容要求一样。
在搭建DNS服务器时，主机名www.mingxiao.info有两个A记录，分别指向主机A的IP和主机B的IP。这样在浏览器输入www.mingxiao.info访问页面时，轮流解析到主机A和主机B的IP，这样便能达到负载均衡的效果。
主机A
1，DNS搭建
# yum -y install bind bind-utils
配置/etc/named.conf文件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
directory "/var/named";
recursion yes;
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
logging {
channel query_log {
file "/var/log/named/bind_query.log" versions 3;
severity dynamic;
print-category yes;
print-time yes;
print-severity yes;
};
category queries { query_log; };
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";
配置/etc/named.rfc1912.zones文件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
// named.rfc1912.zones:
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
//
// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
// and http://www.ietf.org/internet-dra ... -local-zones-02.txt
// (c)2007 R W Franks
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
zone "localhost.localdomain" IN {
type master;
file "named.localhost";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "localhost" IN {
type master;
file "named.localhost";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.loopback";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.loopback";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.empty";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "mingxiao.info" IN {
type master;
file "mingxiao.info.zone";
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "192.168.1.zone";
};
# cd /var/named
配置mingxiao.info.zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns.mingxiao.info admin.mingxiao.info. (
2015041211
2H
10M
3D
1D )
IN NS ns
ns IN A 192.168.1.2
www IN A 192.168.1.4
www IN A 192.168.1.3
配置192.168.1.zone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns.mingxiao.info admin.mingxiao.info. (
2015041211
2H
10M
3D
1D )
IN NS ns.mingxiao.info.
1 IN PTR ns.mingxiao.info.
3 IN PTR www.mingxiao.info.
4 IN PTR www.mingxiao.info.
# chown root:named mingxiao.info.zone 192.168.1.zone
# chmod 640 mingxiao.info.zone 192.168.1.zone
主机A，主机B，主机C中/etc/resolv.conf配置，DNS都指向A主机
1
2
; generated by /sbin/dhclient-script
nameserver 192.168.1.2
#service named start
请确保主机A，主机B，主机C中DNS解析正常，三台主机解析结果如下：
# dig -t A www.mingxiao.info
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A www.mingxiao.info
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 24914
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.mingxiao.info.INA
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.mingxiao.info.86400INA192.168.1.3
www.mingxiao.info.86400INA192.168.1.4
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
mingxiao.info.86400INNSns.mingxiao.info.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns.mingxiao.info.86400INA192.168.1.2
;; Query time: 0 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.2#53(192.168.1.2)
;; WHEN: Sun Apr 12 23:04:25 2015
;; MSG SIZErcvd: 100
2，MySQL搭建
这里采用二进制免编译包
此处用的mysql软件包是二进制免编译包。 # cd /usr/local/
# ln -s/usr/local/mysql-5.6.10-linux-glibc2.5-i686/usr/local/mysql # cd /usr/local/mysql # groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
# useradd -g 306 -r -u 306 mysql
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/*
新建一个逻辑卷，挂载至/mydata下，后在mydata目录下创建data目录，用于存放mysql数据。
磁盘分区略去，分区后如下：
1
2
3
# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device Boot Start End Blocks IdSystem
/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+8eLinux LVM
逻辑卷创建：
1
2
3
4
5
# partprobe /dev/sdb1
# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
# vgcreate myvg /dev/sdb1
# lvcreate -n mydata -L 5G myvg
# mkfs.ext4/dev/myvg/mydata
挂载
1
2
3
# mkdir /mydata
# echo "/dev/myvg/mydata/mydata ext3 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
# mount -a
创建MySQL数据目录
1
2
# mkdir /mydata/data
# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data
MySQL初始化：
1
2
3
# cd /usr/local/mysql
# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
# chown -R root /usr/local/mysql/*
提供SysV风格服务脚本
1
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
提供MySQL配置文件 # cp my.cnf /etc/my.cnf # vim /etc/my.cnf
1
2
3
4
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /mydata/data
port = 3306
sock=/tmp/mysql.sock
编辑/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
1
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
编辑/etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
1
/usr/local/mysql/lib
su
man帮助文档，编辑/etc/man.config
1
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
头文件
1
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql
# service mysqls start# chkconfig --add mysqld
1
2
3
4
# mysql
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('xiaoming') WHERE USER='root';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'xiaoming';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
3，NFS配置
# mkdir /shared# groupadd -g 1100 xiaoming# useradd -g 1100 -u 1100 xiaoming# vim /etc/exportfs /shared 192.168.1.0/24(rw,all_squash,anonuid=1100,anongid=1100)# setfacl -m u:xiaoming:rwx /shared
主机B
主机B挂载NFS共享的/shared目录，执行以下命令：
1
2
# mkdir /www/xiaoming
# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.2:/shared/www/xiaoming
安装Apache
1，安装apr
1
2
3
4
5
6
# cd /usr/local
# tar xf apr-1.5.1.tar.bz2
# cd apr-1.5.1
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
# make
# make install
2,安装apr-util
1
2
3
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
# make
# make install
3,安装httpd
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
# tar xf httpd-2.4.10.tar.bz2
# cd httpd-2.4.10
# ./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/apache
--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd
--enable-so
--enable-rewrite
--enable-ssl
--enable-cgi
--enable-cgid
--enable-modules=most
--enable-mods-shared=most
--enable-mpms-shared=all
--with-mpm=event
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
出现错误：
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required anavailabl from
解决办法：
# yum install -y pcre-devel
# make
# make install
vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid"
提供SysV风格的启动脚本：/etc/init.d/httpd
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.It is used to serve
# HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=$?
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
fi
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
condrestart)
if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
stop
start
fi
;;
reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd # chkconfig --add httpd
编辑/etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
1
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin
# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
#service httpd start
安装php
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
# cd php-5.4.13
# ./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/php
--with-mysql=mysqlnd
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd
--with-openssl
--enable-mbstring
--with-freetype-dir
--with-jpeg-dir
--with-png-dir
--with-zlib
--with-libxml-dir=/usr
--enable-xml
--enable-sockets
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs
--with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc
--with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d
--with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts
出现错误：
configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.
解决办法：
#yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash-devel
# make
# make install
提供php配置文件
1
cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
/etc/httpd/httpd.conf配置文件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
注释掉
#/DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"
取消注释
Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
主机B和主机C /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf配置
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
DocumentRoot "/www/mingxiao"
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
ServerName www.mingxiao.info
ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/mingxiao.info_error.log"
CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/mingxiao.info_access.log" combined
# mkdir /var/log/httpd
# service httpd restart
主机C 主机C和主机B配置相同，参考以上文档
主机A Discuz论坛测试
# unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip # cd upload/
# cp -R ./* /shared/
浏览器输入www.mingxiao.info即可配置安装Discuz了，要注意的是安装Discuz论坛时填入mysql服务器IP地址时，要填入192.168.1.2不能填入localhost。并且输入主机B的IP和输入主机C的IP访问的内容是相同的，比如主机B上发帖，用主机C的IP访问可以看到。如下图：
页:
[1]