两台LAP和一台NFS+MySQL+DNS实现LAMP负载均衡访问

re2d2

项目环境：RHEL6.6-i386
源：remi,epel，本地源
各软件版本：
    httpd-2.4.10.tar.bz2

    openlogic-mysql-5.6.10-linux-ia32-bin-glibc2.5-1.zip

    php-5.4.13.tar.bz2

    Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip


主机A IP：192.168.1.2   搭建DNS服务器，NFS服务器，MySQL服务器
主机B IP：192.168.1.3    安装apache和php
主机C IP：192.168.1.4    安装apache和php
域名：mingxiao.info

实施规划：
        主机A搭建的NFS服务器共享/shared目录，主机B和主机C将主机A共享的/shared目录挂载至本地的/www/mingxiao目录，当做Apache的DocumenRoot。当通过主机A的IP和主机B的IP来访问页面时，页面内容要求一样。
        在搭建DNS服务器时，主机名www.mingxiao.info有两个A记录，分别指向主机A的IP和主机B的IP。这样在浏览器输入www.mingxiao.info访问页面时，轮流解析到主机A和主机B的IP，这样便能达到负载均衡的效果。

主机A
    1，DNS搭建

    # yum -y install bind bind-utils


  配置/etc/named.conf  文件

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// // named.conf // // Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS // server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only). // // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files. // options {         directory       "/var/named";         recursion yes; }; zone "." IN {         type hint;         file "named.ca"; }; logging {         channel query_log {                 file "/var/log/named/bind_query.log" versions 3;                 severity dynamic;                 print-category yes;                 print-time yes;                 print-severity yes;         };         category queries { query_log; }; }; include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones"; include "/etc/named.root.key";

配置/etc/named.rfc1912.zones文件

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// named.rfc1912.zones: // // Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package // // ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by // RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones // and http://www.ietf.org/internet-dra ... -local-zones-02.txt // (c)2007 R W Franks // // See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files. // zone "localhost.localdomain" IN {         type master;         file "named.localhost";         allow-update { none; }; }; zone "localhost" IN {         type master;         file "named.localhost";         allow-update { none; }; }; zone "1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {         type master;         file "named.loopback";         allow-update { none; }; }; zone "1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {         type master;         file "named.loopback";         allow-update { none; }; }; zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {         type master;         file "named.empty";         allow-update { none; }; }; zone "mingxiao.info" IN {         type master;         file "mingxiao.info.zone"; }; zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {         type master;         file "192.168.1.zone"; };

# cd /var/named
配置mingxiao.info.zone

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$TTL 86400 @ IN SOA ns.mingxiao.info admin.mingxiao.info. (         2015041211         2H         10M         3D         1D )         IN NS ns ns IN A 192.168.1.2 www IN A 192.168.1.4 www IN A 192.168.1.3

配置192.168.1.zone

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$TTL 86400 @ IN SOA ns.mingxiao.info admin.mingxiao.info. (         2015041211         2H         10M         3D         1D )         IN NS ns.mingxiao.info. 1     IN PTR ns.mingxiao.info. 3     IN PTR www.mingxiao.info. 4     IN PTR www.mingxiao.info.

# chown root:named mingxiao.info.zone 192.168.1.zone
# chmod 640 mingxiao.info.zone 192.168.1.zone

主机A，主机B，主机C中/etc/resolv.conf配置，DNS都指向A主机

1 2	; generated by /sbin/dhclient-script nameserver 192.168.1.2

#service named start

请确保主机A，主机B，主机C中DNS解析正常，三台主机解析结果如下：
# dig -t A www.mingxiao.info

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; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6 <<>> -t A www.mingxiao.info ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 24914 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;www.mingxiao.info.INA ;; ANSWER SECTION: www.mingxiao.info.86400INA192.168.1.3 www.mingxiao.info.86400INA192.168.1.4 ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: mingxiao.info.86400INNSns.mingxiao.info. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns.mingxiao.info.86400INA192.168.1.2 ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.1.2#53(192.168.1.2) ;; WHEN: Sun Apr 12 23:04:25 2015 ;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 100

2，MySQL搭建

    这里采用二进制免编译包

此处用的mysql软件包是二进制免编译包。

   # cd /usr/local/

   # ln -s  /usr/local/mysql-5.6.10-linux-glibc2.5-i686  /usr/local/mysql

   # cd /usr/local/mysql

   # groupadd -r -g 306 mysql         

   # useradd -g 306 -r -u 306 mysql

   # chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/*

新建一个逻辑卷，挂载至/mydata下，后在mydata目录下创建data目录，用于存放mysql数据。

磁盘分区略去，分区后如下：

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# fdisk /dev/sdb       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System    /dev/sdb1              1        2610    20964793+  8e  Linux LVM

逻辑卷创建：

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# partprobe /dev/sdb1    # pvcreate /dev/sdb1    # vgcreate myvg /dev/sdb1    # lvcreate -n mydata -L 5G myvg    # mkfs.ext4  /dev/myvg/mydata

  挂载

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# mkdir /mydata    # echo "/dev/myvg/mydata  /mydata ext3 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab    # mount -a

  创建MySQL数据目录

1 2	# mkdir /mydata/data    # chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data

MySQL初始化：

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# cd /usr/local/mysql    # scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data    # chown -R root /usr/local/mysql/*

提供SysV风格服务脚本

1	# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

提供MySQL配置文件

   # cp my.cnf /etc/my.cnf

   # vim /etc/my.cnf

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basedir = /usr/local/mysql     datadir = /mydata/data     port = 3306     sock=/tmp/mysql.sock

  

编辑/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

1	export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

编辑/etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf

1	/usr/local/mysql/lib

  su

man帮助文档，编辑/etc/man.config      

1	MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man

头文件

1	ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql

# service mysqls start

# chkconfig --add mysqld

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# mysql mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('xiaoming') WHERE USER='root'; mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'xiaoming'; mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

3，NFS配置

# mkdir /shared

# groupadd -g 1100 xiaoming

# useradd -g 1100 -u 1100 xiaoming

# vim /etc/exportfs

    /shared 192.168.1.0/24(rw,all_squash,anonuid=1100,anongid=1100)

# setfacl -m u:xiaoming:rwx /shared


主机B
主机B挂载NFS共享的/shared目录，执行以下命令：

1 2	# mkdir /www/xiaoming     # mount -t nfs 192.168.1.2:/shared  /www/xiaoming

安装Apache

1，安装apr

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# cd /usr/local     # tar xf apr-1.5.1.tar.bz2     # cd apr-1.5.1     # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr     # make     # make install

2,安装apr-util

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# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr     # make     # make install

3,安装httpd
   

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# tar xf httpd-2.4.10.tar.bz2      # cd httpd-2.4.10    # ./configure         --prefix=/usr/local/apache         --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd         --enable-so         --enable-rewrite         --enable-ssl              --enable-cgi         --enable-cgid         --enable-modules=most         --enable-mods-shared=most         --enable-mpms-shared=all         --with-mpm=event         --with-apr=/usr/local/apr         --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util 出现错误： configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required anavailabl from 解决办法： # yum install -y pcre-devel    # make    # make install

  vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf

        PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid"

提供SysV风格的启动脚本：/etc/init.d/httpd

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#!/bin/bash # # httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.  It is used to serve #       HTML files and CGI. # processname: httpd # config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd # pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then         . /etc/sysconfig/httpd fi # Start httpd in the C locale by default. HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"} # This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if # mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user. INITLOG_ARGS="" # Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server # with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not # work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start. # Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages. apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd} prog=httpd pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid} lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd} RETVAL=0 start() {         echo -n $"Starting $prog: "         LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS         RETVAL=$?         echo         [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}         return $RETVAL } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd RETVAL=$? echo [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile} } reload() {     echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "     if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then         RETVAL=$?         echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"         failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"     else         killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP         RETVAL=$?     fi     echo } # See how we were called. case "$1" in   start) start ;;   stop) stop ;;   status)         status -p ${pidfile} $httpd RETVAL=$? ;;   restart) stop start ;;   condrestart) if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then stop start fi ;;   reload)         reload ;;   graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus) $apachectl $@ RETVAL=$? ;;   *) echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}" exit 1 esac exit $RETVAL

   # chmod +x /etc/init.d/httpd      

   # chkconfig --add httpd

    编辑/etc/profile.d/httpd.sh   

1	PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache/bin

    # source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh

    #  service httpd start


安装php

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# cd php-5.4.13     # ./configure         --prefix=/usr/local/php         --with-mysql=mysqlnd         --with-mysqli=mysqlnd         --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd         --with-openssl         --enable-mbstring         --with-freetype-dir         --with-jpeg-dir         --with-png-dir         --with-zlib         --with-libxml-dir=/usr         --enable-xml         --enable-sockets         --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs         --with-mcrypt --with-config-file-path=/etc         --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d         --with-bz2 --enable-maintainer-zts     出现错误：     configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.     解决办法：         #yum -y install libmcrypt-devel mhash-devel     # make     # make install

提供php配置文件

1	cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini

/etc/httpd/httpd.conf配置文件   

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AddType application/x-httpd-php .php     AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps     DirectoryIndex index.php index.html     注释掉     #/DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"     取消注释     Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

主机B和主机C /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf配置  

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DocumentRoot "/www/mingxiao"             Options none         AllowOverride none         Require all granted         ServerName www.mingxiao.info     ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/mingxiao.info_error.log"     CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/mingxiao.info_access.log" combined

# mkdir /var/log/httpd

# service httpd restart

主机C

    主机C和主机B配置相同，参考以上文档

主机A

    Discuz论坛测试

    # unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip

    # cd upload/

    # cp   -R      ./*      /shared/

浏览器输入www.mingxiao.info即可配置安装Discuz了，要注意的是安装Discuz论坛时填入mysql服务器IP地址时，要填入192.168.1.2不能填入localhost。并且输入主机B的IP和输入主机C的IP访问的内容是相同的，比如主机B上发帖，用主机C的IP访问可以看到。如下图：