Xen虚拟机的安装
虚拟化技术是云计算实现弹性计算的核心技术。在构建云计算平台中，虚拟机的安装是基础。常用的虚拟机工具很多，如VMware、XEN、KVM、Virtual PC等，这些工具使得用户可以在单台物理PC上（称为宿主机）虚拟出多个虚拟机VM(Virtual machine)，由于在每个VM上可以安装与宿主机不同的操作系统。因而可以实现在一台物理PC上模拟出多台安装有不同操作系统的“PC”。在云计算中，用户可以向云平台申请租用虚拟机，虚拟机的配置，如CPU的核数、主频，内存，存储容量等可以根据需要自己设定，并可动态修改。现有虚拟机工具多支持这些功能，然而很多工具如VMware、XEN-Server等提供的免费测试工具多只提供GUI接口，用户只能通过图形界面实现虚拟机的创建和配置，无法实现动态的配置，以至于构建的云平台退化为不具有弹性的“虚拟机平台”。Xen 是由剑桥大学开发的一款开放源代码虚拟机工具软件,支持虚拟机的各种配置和动态创建，最重要的是提供了丰富的用户管理接口。
本文根据马博士的安装方法，给出详细的安装流程，并对安装细节做进一步的补充说明。更多的安装方法请关注马博士的个人主页：
http://www.cse.ust.hk/~zma/
http://www.zhiqiangma.com/homepage/
http://fclose.com/zma/#
下面为安装过程。
1.1 Linux system:
Fedora 12 x86_64
测试PC：HP4321S联想笔记本电脑
SELinux is disabled. Please refer here for detail: Disabled SELinux on Fedora.
Disable SELINUX using your favorite editor to open the SELINUX configuration file. For example:
$:su 切换到root用户
vi /etc/selinux/config
Edit the configuration file so that SELINUX has the value of "disabled". It should look like the following:
SELINUX=disabled
ext3 is recommended for the file system of disk partition for /boot.
Update the system:
# yum update
The Xen and libvirt packages in Fedora should not be installed to avoid conflict.
# yum erase xen* libvirt
【版本
title Fedora (2.6.32.26-175.fc12.x86_64) 经过update后的版本
title Fedora (2.6.31.5-127.fc12.x86_64) 安装光盘版本
重启系统，从title Fedora (2.6.32.26-175.fc12.x86_64)登录，然后继续下面的任务】
1.2 Build and install Xen hypervisor and tools
1.2.1 Download Xen3.4.3
$ wget http://bits.xensource.com/oss-xen/release/3.4.3/xen-3.4.3.tar.gz
$ tar xf xen-3.4.3.tar.gz
1.2.2 Build Xen and tools
You may need to install packages depended by this. You can try this for solving the dependencies:
# yum install make gcc -y;
yum groupinstall "Development Libraries" -y;
yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y;
yum install transfig texi2html
dev86 glibc-devel
e2fsprogs-devel gitk mkinitrd
iasl xz-devel bzip2-devel
pciutils-libs pciutils-devel
SDL-devel libX11-devel gtk2-devel
bridge-utils PyXML qemu-common
qemu-img mercurial -y
The we can make Xen and Xen tools: (xen-3.4.3目录下)
$ make xen
$ make tools
1.2.3 Install Xen and tools (xen-3.4.3目录下)
$ make install-xen
$ make install-tools
1.3 Build and install xenified Linux kernel
1.3.1 Download Linux kernel2.6.32.13
$ wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.32.13.tar.bz2
$ tar xf linux-2.6.32.13.tar.bz2
1.3.2 Download2.6.32Xen patches v2
$ wget http://gentoo-xen-kernel.googlecode.com/files/xen-patches-2.6.32-2.tar.bz2
$ mkdir xen-patches-2.6.32-2
$ tar xf xen-patches-2.6.32-2.tar.bz2 -C xen-patches-2.6.32-2
1.3.3 Apply Xen patches
Apply all the patches downloaded above following the patch number.
You may need to install patch if it isn’t installed:
# yum install patch
This patch.sh script can be used (we assume the patch and the kernel are in the same directory):
patch.sh:
#!/bin/bash
for P in `ls ../xen-patches-2.6.32-2/6*.patch1 | sort`
do
patch -p1 -s -i $P
if [ $? = 0 ]; then
echo $P applied
else
echo "Error processing "$P
exit 1
fi
done
Put this script into Linux source directory（linux-2.6.32.13目录下） and execute:
$ sh ./patch.sh
The structure of these directories are as follows:
▲注：结构如上图。按照patch脚本，Linux-2.6.32.13 和xen=patches-2.6.32-2放在同一个目录。
1.3.4 Configure Xenified Linux kernel
A working configuration file that I used can be downloaded directly from here:
config-for-xenified-linux-2.6.32.13
Just download this file, put it into the kernel source code file directory（linux-2.6.32.13目录下） and rename it to .config.
Other than use my configuration file, you can also configure it by yourself by using “make menuconfig”.
Make sure you build the kernel with these components enabled:
Processor type and features--->
[*] Symmetric multi-processing support
[*] Support sparse irq numbering
[*] Enable Xen compatible kernel
Device Drivers--->
XEN--->
[*] Privileged Guest (domain 0)
Backend driver support (NEW)
Block-device backend driver (NEW)
Block-device tap backend driver (NEW)
< > Block-device tap backend driver 2 (NEW)
Network-device backend driver (NEW)
(8) Maximum simultaneous transmit requests (as a power of 2) (NEW)
[ ] Pipelined transmitter (DANGEROUS) (NEW)
< > Network-device loopback driver (NEW)
< > PCI-device backend driver (NEW)
< > TPM-device backend driver (NEW)
SCSI backend driver (NEW)
USB backend driver (NEW)
Block-device frontend driver
Network-device frontend driver
Network-device frontend driver acceleration for Solarflare NICs (NEW)
SCSI frontend driver (NEW)
USB frontend driver (NEW)
[*] Taking the HCD statistics (for debug) (NEW)
[ ] HCD suspend/resume support (DO NOT USE) (NEW)
User-space granted page access driver (NEW)
Framebuffer-device frontend driver (NEW)
Keyboard-device frontend driver (NEW)
[*] Disable serial port drivers (NEW)
Export Xen attributes in sysfs (NEW)
(256) Number of guest devices (NEW)
Xen version compatibility (no compatibility code)--->
[*] Place shared vCPU info in per-CPU storage (NEW)
1.3.5 Build kernel （linux-2.6.32.13目录下）
$ make -jX
X can be two times of the number of the processor. We use this to let make invoke compilation work in X-wayparallel.
1.3.6 Install modules and kernel （linux-2.6.32.13目录下）
# make modules_install install
【这一步执行时间很长，中间有停顿现象】
1.4 Configure grub
Add one entry for Xen in /boot/grub/grub.conf. This is an example entry:
# vi /boot/grub/grub.conf
title Xen3.4.3- Xenified Linux 2.6.32.13
root (hd0,0)
kernel /xen-3.4.3.gz console=vga vga=ask noreboot
module /vmlinuz-2.6.32.13 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-LogVol_root noiswmd LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us
module /initramfs-2.6.32.13.img
The root and other parameters may be different depending on the configuration.
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE:You have a /boot partition.This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,7)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda11
# initrd /initrd-version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=3
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,7)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Xen 3.4.3 -Xenified Linux 2.6.32.13
root (hd0,7)
kernel /xen-3.4.3.gz console=vga vga=ask noreboot
module/vmlinuz-2.6.32.13 ro root=UUID=7329a86e-6254-48ab-a084-69fed3fc6881 nomodeset LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rhgb quiet
module /initramfs-2.6.32.13.img
title Fedora (2.6.32.26-175.fc12.x86_64)
root (hd0,7)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32.26-175.fc12.x86_64 ro root=UUID=7329a86e-6254-48ab-a084-69fed3fc6881 nomodeset LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32.26-175.fc12.x86_64.img
title Fedora (2.6.31.5-127.fc12.x86_64)
root (hd0,7)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31.5-127.fc12.x86_64 ro root=UUID=7329a86e-6254-48ab-a084-69fed3fc6881 nomodeset LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.31.5-127.fc12.x86_64.img
title Other
rootnoverify (hd0,0)
chainloader +1
1.5 Make Xend and Xendomains services automatically start when system boots
# cd /etc/init.d/
# chkconfig --add xend
# chkconfig --add xendomains
Check whether Xend and Xendomains services are automatically started in level 3-5:
# chkconfig --list | grep xend
It should be like this:
xend 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
xendomains 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
注：XEN的安装到此即可，然后重启，选择【Xen 3.4.3 - Xenified Linux 2.6.32.13】启动项。启动过程会提示某些部件失败，不用理会，登陆Fedora即可。
1.6 Enjoy the fun now!
After booting the system, you can try to use xm to check xen info
# xm info
Then xm command can be used to start up DomUs.
# xm info
host : czm003fedora12
release :2.6.32.13
version : #1 SMP Sun Oct 7 08:30:28 HKT 2012
machine : x86_64
nr_cpus : 4
nr_nodes : 1
cores_per_socket : 2
threads_per_core : 2
cpu_mhz : 2266
hw_caps : bfebfbff:28000800:00000000:00000740:0098e3bd:00000000:00000001:00000000
virt_caps : hvm
total_memory : 1970
free_memory : 121
node_to_cpu : node0:0-3
node_to_memory : node0:121
xen_major : 3
xen_minor : 4
xen_extra : .3
xen_caps : xen-3.0-x86_64 xen-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_32 hvm-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_64
xen_scheduler : credit
xen_pagesize : 4096
platform_params : virt_start=0xffff800000000000
xen_changeset : unavailable
cc_compiler : gcc version 4.4.4 20100630 (Red Hat4.4.4-10) (GCC)
cc_compile_by : czm
cc_compile_domain :
cc_compile_date : Sun Oct7 08:04:56 HKT 2012
xend_config_format : 4
#
#xm list
# xm list
Name ID MemVCPUs State Time(s)
Domain-0 0 1824 4 r----- 80.2
#
至此，只是在物理PC上安装完XEN虚拟机监控器（可理解为宿主环境），要创建虚拟机还需要在宿主环境上上安装操作系统。详细见
http://www.iyunv.com/caizm/archive/2012/11/26/2788875.html
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