Mysql5.5配置主从复制
Mysql提供了主从复制的功能，作用类似oracle的dataguard，但是配置和管理远比dataguard简单，没有所谓的物理备库和逻辑备库之分，也没有提供相应的数据保护模式，只有master和slave数据库角色，这种架构广泛应用于各大门户，游戏网站中，提供数据库的读写分离功能；相比之下oracle的读写功能到了11g版本才能借助active dataguard完美实现，否则就只能用logical standby，但又有许多的数据类型和操作不被逻辑备库支持！先前使用过mysql5.1.36版本的master-slave架构做CMS数据库的读写分离，有着非常痛苦的使用经历，经常由于各种各样的原因的导致主从数据不同步，然后又没有提供额外的同步机制(确切的说是没学会)，于是经常在下班时间重构主从架构；下一步将在mysql5.5平台测试mha架构，故本文记录下如何在mysql5.5平台下构建主从数据库复制环境；另外mysql的主从也可看为是mysql的实时备份，有一定的数据灾备功能，mysql本身没有提供类似oracle rman的热备份工具，因而多数场景下会使用主从对数据库做一个实时备份，以备不时只需！PS：一直比较不解的mysql如何做基于时间或者SCN的不完全恢复？难道真要一个个binlog分析过去？一：在主库上创建用于复制的账号并在从库上连接测试
[*]# mysql
[*]Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
[*]Your MySQL connection id is 1
[*]Server version: 5.5.25-log Source distribution
[*]
[*]Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
[*]
[*]Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
[*]affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
[*]owners.
[*]
[*]Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
[*]
[*]mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'r_test'@'192.168.123.14' identified by '123456';
[*]Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[*]
[*]# mysql -u r_test -h 192.168.123.13 -p
[*]Enter password:
[*]Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
[*]Your MySQL connection id is 2
[*]Server version: 5.5.25-log Source distribution
[*]
[*]Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
[*]
[*]Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
[*]affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
[*]owners.
[*]
[*]Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
[*]
[*]mysql> show databases;
[*]+--------------------+
[*]| Database |
[*]+--------------------+
[*]| information_schema |
[*]| test |
[*]+--------------------+
[*]2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
二：修改主库my.cnf文件如下，注意红色字体部分，重启数据库实例
[*]# grep -v '^#' /etc/my.cnf |grep -v '^$'
[*]
[*]port = 3306
[*]socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[*]
[*]port = 3306
[*]socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[*]skip-external-locking
[*]key_buffer_size = 256M
[*]max_allowed_packet = 1M
[*]table_open_cache = 256
[*]sort_buffer_size = 1M
[*]read_buffer_size = 1M
[*]read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
[*]myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
[*]thread_cache_size = 8
[*]query_cache_size= 16M
[*]thread_concurrency = 8
[*]innodb_data_home_dir =
[*]innodb_data_file_path = /dev/raw/raw6:1Graw
[*]log-bin=mysql-bin
[*]binlog_format=mixed
[*]server-id=1
[*]log-bin=mysql-bin
[*]binlog-do-db=bbs
[*]binlog-do-db=test
[*]binlog-ignore-db=mysql
[*]
[*]quick
[*]max_allowed_packet = 16M
[*]
[*]no-auto-rehash
[*]
[*]key_buffer_size = 128M
[*]sort_buffer_size = 128M
[*]read_buffer = 2M
[*]write_buffer = 2M
[*]
[*]interactive-timeout
[*]
[*]# service mysqld restart
[*]Shutting down MySQL.
[*]Starting MySQL..
[*]
[*]# mysql
[*]Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
[*]Your MySQL connection id is 1
[*]Server version: 5.5.25-log Source distribution
[*]
[*]Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
[*]
[*]Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
[*]affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
[*]owners.
[*]
[*]Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
[*]
[*]mysql> show master status;
[*]+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
[*]| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
[*]+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
[*]| mysql-bin.000011 | 107 | bbs,test | mysql |
[*]+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
[*]1 row in set (0.00 sec)
三：修改从库my.cnf文件如下，注意红色字体部分，重启数据库实例
[*]# grep -v '^#' /etc/my.cnf |grep -v '^$'
[*]
[*]port = 3306
[*]socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[*]
[*]port = 3306
[*]socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
[*]skip-external-locking
[*]key_buffer_size = 256M
[*]max_allowed_packet = 1M
[*]table_open_cache = 256
[*]sort_buffer_size = 1M
[*]read_buffer_size = 1M
[*]read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
[*]myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
[*]thread_cache_size = 8
[*]query_cache_size= 16M
[*]thread_concurrency = 8
[*]innodb_data_home_dir =
[*]innodb_data_file_path = /dev/raw/raw6:1Graw
[*]log-bin=mysql-bin
[*]binlog_format=mixed
[*]server-id = 2
[*]log-bin=mysql-bin
[*]replicate-do-db=test
[*]replicate-do-db=bbs
[*]
[*]quick
[*]max_allowed_packet = 16M
[*]
[*]no-auto-rehash
[*]
[*]key_buffer_size = 128M
[*]sort_buffer_size = 128M
[*]read_buffer = 2M
[*]write_buffer = 2M
[*]
[*]interactive-timeout
[*]
[*]# service mysqld restart
[*]Shutting down MySQL..
[*]Starting MySQL..
四:在从库上指定主库的连接信息，并开启同步进程
[*]# mysql
[*]Welcome to the MySQL monitor.Commands end with ; or \g.
[*]Your MySQL connection id is 1
[*]Server version: 5.5.25-log Source distribution
[*]
[*]Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
[*]
[*]Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
[*]affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
[*]owners.
[*]
[*]Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
[*]
[*]mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.123.13',master_user='r_test',master_password='123456';
[*]Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
[*]
[*]mysql> slave start;
[*]Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
[*]
[*]mysql> show slave status \G;
[*]*************************** 1. row ***************************
[*] Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
[*] Master_Host: 192.168.123.13
[*] Master_User: r_test
[*] Master_Port: 3306
[*] Connect_Retry: 60
[*] Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000011
[*] Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
[*] Relay_Log_File: dg54-relay-bin.000013
[*] Relay_Log_Pos: 253
[*] Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000011
[*] Slave_IO_Running: Yes
[*] Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
[*] Replicate_Do_DB: test,bbs
[*] Replicate_Ignore_DB:
[*] Replicate_Do_Table:
[*] Replicate_Ignore_Table:
[*] Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
[*]Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
[*] Last_Errno: 0
[*] Last_Error:
[*] Skip_Counter: 0
[*] Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
[*] Relay_Log_Space: 554
[*] Until_Condition: None
[*] Until_Log_File:
[*] Until_Log_Pos: 0
[*] Master_SSL_Allowed: No
[*] Master_SSL_CA_File:
[*] Master_SSL_CA_Path:
[*] Master_SSL_Cert:
[*] Master_SSL_Cipher:
[*] Master_SSL_Key:
[*] Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
[*]Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
[*] Last_IO_Errno: 0
[*] Last_IO_Error:
[*] Last_SQL_Errno: 0
[*] Last_SQL_Error:
[*]Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
[*] Master_Server_Id: 1
[*]1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[*]
[*]ERROR:
[*]No query specified
五：验证数据同步结果，在5.1.36版本下，这里还需要在从库建相应的数据库，导入表数据
[*]mysql> show databases;
[*]+--------------------+
[*]| Database |
[*]+--------------------+
[*]| information_schema |
[*]| bbs |
[*]| mysql |
[*]| performance_schema |
[*]| test |
[*]+--------------------+
[*]5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
[*]
[*]mysql> use bbs;
[*]Database changed
[*]mysql> show tables;
[*]+---------------+
[*]| Tables_in_bbs |
[*]+---------------+
[*]| user |
[*]+---------------+
[*]1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[*]
[*]mysql> select count(*) from user;
[*]+----------+
[*]| count(*) |
[*]+----------+
[*]| 768 |
[*]+----------+
[*]1 row in set (0.01 sec)
页:
[1]