Mysql5.5配置主从复制

　　Mysql提供了主从复制的功能，作用类似oracle的dataguard，但是配置和管理远比dataguard简单，没有所谓的物理备库和逻辑备库之分，也没有提供相应的数据保护模式，只有master和slave数据库角色，这种架构广泛应用于各大门户，游戏网站中，提供数据库的读写分离功能；相比之下oracle的读写功能到了11g版本才能借助active dataguard完美实现，否则就只能用logical standby，但又有许多的数据类型和操作不被逻辑备库支持！先前使用过mysql5.1.36版本的master-slave架构做CMS数据库的读写分离，有着非常痛苦的使用经历，经常由于各种各样的原因的导致主从数据不同步，然后又没有提供额外的同步机制(确切的说是没学会)，于是经常在下班时间重构主从架构；下一步将在mysql5.5平台测试mha架构，故本文记录下如何在mysql5.5平台下构建主从数据库复制环境；另外mysql的主从也可看为是mysql的实时备份，有一定的数据灾备功能，mysql本身没有提供类似oracle rman的热备份工具，因而多数场景下会使用主从对数据库做一个实时备份，以备不时只需！PS：一直比较不解的mysql如何做基于时间或者SCN的不完全恢复？难道真要一个个binlog分析过去？
　　一：在主库上创建用于复制的账号并在从库上连接测试
　　

• [root@dg53 ~]# mysql
  
• Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  
• Your MySQL connection id is 1
  
• Server version: 5.5.25-log Source distribution
  
• 
  
• Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  
• 
  
• Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  
• affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  
• owners.
  
• 
  
• Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  
• 
  
• mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'r_test'@'192.168.123.14' identified by '123456';
  
• Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  
• 
  
• [root@dg54 ~]# mysql -u r_test -h 192.168.123.13 -p
  
• Enter password:
  
• Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  
• Your MySQL connection id is 2
  
• Server version: 5.5.25-log Source distribution
  
• 
  
• Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  
• 
  
• Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  
• affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  
• owners.
  
• 
  
• Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  
• 
  
• mysql> show databases;
  
• +--------------------+
  
• | Database           |
  
• +--------------------+
  
• | information_schema |
  
• | test               |
  
• +--------------------+
  
• 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
  

　　

　　二：修改主库my.cnf文件如下，注意红色字体部分，重启数据库实例
　　

• [root@dg53 ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/my.cnf |grep -v '^$'
  
• [client]
  
• port            = 3306
  
• socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
  
• [mysqld]
  
• port            = 3306
  
• socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
  
• skip-external-locking
  
• key_buffer_size = 256M
  
• max_allowed_packet = 1M
  
• table_open_cache = 256
  
• sort_buffer_size = 1M
  
• read_buffer_size = 1M
  
• read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
  
• myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
  
• thread_cache_size = 8
  
• query_cache_size= 16M
  
• thread_concurrency = 8
  
• innodb_data_home_dir =
  
• innodb_data_file_path = /dev/raw/raw6:1Graw
  
• log-bin=mysql-bin
  
• binlog_format=mixed
  
• server-id=1
  
• log-bin=mysql-bin
  
• binlog-do-db=bbs
  
• binlog-do-db=test
  
• binlog-ignore-db=mysql
  
• [mysqldump]
  
• quick
  
• max_allowed_packet = 16M
  
• [mysql]
  
• no-auto-rehash
  
• [myisamchk]
  
• key_buffer_size = 128M
  
• sort_buffer_size = 128M
  
• read_buffer = 2M
  
• write_buffer = 2M
  
• [mysqlhotcopy]
  
• interactive-timeout
  
• 
  
• [root@dg53 ~]# service mysqld restart
  
• Shutting down MySQL.[  OK  ]
  
• Starting MySQL..[  OK  ]
  
• 
  
• [root@dg53 ~]# mysql
  
• Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  
• Your MySQL connection id is 1
  
• Server version: 5.5.25-log Source distribution
  
• 
  
• Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  
• 
  
• Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  
• affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  
• owners.
  
• 
  
• Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  
• 
  
• mysql> show master status;
  
• +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
  
• | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
  
• +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
  
• | mysql-bin.000011 |      107 | bbs,test     | mysql            |
  
• +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
  
• 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  

　　

　　三：修改从库my.cnf文件如下，注意红色字体部分，重启数据库实例
　　

• [root@dg54 ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/my.cnf |grep -v '^$'
  
• [client]
  
• port            = 3306
  
• socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
  
• [mysqld]
  
• port            = 3306
  
• socket          = /tmp/mysql.sock
  
• skip-external-locking
  
• key_buffer_size = 256M
  
• max_allowed_packet = 1M
  
• table_open_cache = 256
  
• sort_buffer_size = 1M
  
• read_buffer_size = 1M
  
• read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
  
• myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
  
• thread_cache_size = 8
  
• query_cache_size= 16M
  
• thread_concurrency = 8
  
• innodb_data_home_dir =
  
• innodb_data_file_path = /dev/raw/raw6:1Graw
  
• log-bin=mysql-bin
  
• binlog_format=mixed
  
• server-id       = 2
  
• log-bin=mysql-bin
  
• replicate-do-db=test
  
• replicate-do-db=bbs
  
• [mysqldump]
  
• quick
  
• max_allowed_packet = 16M
  
• [mysql]
  
• no-auto-rehash
  
• [myisamchk]
  
• key_buffer_size = 128M
  
• sort_buffer_size = 128M
  
• read_buffer = 2M
  
• write_buffer = 2M
  
• [mysqlhotcopy]
  
• interactive-timeout
  
• 
  
• [root@dg54 ~]# service mysqld restart
  
• Shutting down MySQL..[  OK  ]
  
• Starting MySQL..[  OK  ]
  

　　

　　四:在从库上指定主库的连接信息，并开启同步进程
　　

• [root@dg54 ~]# mysql
  
• Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  
• Your MySQL connection id is 1
  
• Server version: 5.5.25-log Source distribution
  
• 
  
• Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  
• 
  
• Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  
• affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  
• owners.
  
• 
  
• Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  
• 
  
• mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.123.13',master_user='r_test',master_password='123456';
  
• Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
  
• 
  
• mysql> slave start;
  
• Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
  
• 
  
• mysql> show slave status \G;
  
• *************************** 1. row ***************************
  
•                Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
  
•                   Master_Host: 192.168.123.13
  
•                   Master_User: r_test
  
•                   Master_Port: 3306
  
•                 Connect_Retry: 60
  
•               Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000011
  
•           Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107
  
•                Relay_Log_File: dg54-relay-bin.000013
  
•                 Relay_Log_Pos: 253
  
•         Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000011
  
•              Slave_IO_Running: Yes
  
•             Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
  
•               Replicate_Do_DB: test,bbs
  
•           Replicate_Ignore_DB:
  
•            Replicate_Do_Table:
  
•        Replicate_Ignore_Table:
  
•       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  
•   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
  
•                    Last_Errno: 0
  
•                    Last_Error:
  
•                  Skip_Counter: 0
  
•           Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107
  
•               Relay_Log_Space: 554
  
•               Until_Condition: None
  
•                Until_Log_File:
  
•                 Until_Log_Pos: 0
  
•            Master_SSL_Allowed: No
  
•            Master_SSL_CA_File:
  
•            Master_SSL_CA_Path:
  
•               Master_SSL_Cert:
  
•             Master_SSL_Cipher:
  
•                Master_SSL_Key:
  
•         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
  
• Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
  
•                 Last_IO_Errno: 0
  
•                 Last_IO_Error:
  
•                Last_SQL_Errno: 0
  
•                Last_SQL_Error:
  
•   Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
  
•              Master_Server_Id: 1
  
• 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
• 
  
• ERROR:
  
• No query specified
  

　　

　　五：验证数据同步结果，在5.1.36版本下，这里还需要在从库建相应的数据库，导入表数据
　　

• mysql> show databases;
  
• +--------------------+
  
• | Database           |
  
• +--------------------+
  
• | information_schema |
  
• | bbs                |
  
• | mysql              |
  
• | performance_schema |
  
• | test               |
  
• +--------------------+
  
• 5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
  
• 
  
• mysql> use bbs;
  
• Database changed
  
• mysql> show tables;
  
• +---------------+
  
• | Tables_in_bbs |
  
• +---------------+
  
• | user          |
  
• +---------------+
  
• 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
• 
  
• mysql> select count(*) from user;
  
• +----------+
  
• | count(*) |
  
• +----------+
  
• |      768 |
  
• +----------+
  
• 1 row in set (0.01 sec)