蓝晶灵 发表于 2018-10-20 12:38:18

SQL 基础之子查询(十一)

  子查询:类型、语法、和注意事项
  使用子查询能解决哪些问题?

  子查询语法:
  select select_list from table where expr operator (select select_list from table);

[*]  子查询(内查询)在主查询(外查询)之前执行。
[*]  主查询使用子查询结果。
[*]  位置:select,where,from,having
  1、查询谁的工资比Abel高
  select last_name, salary from employees
  where salary >
  (select salary
  from employees
  where last_name = 'Abel');

  使用子查询注意事项

[*]  子查询要包含在括号内。
[*]  将子查询放在比较条件的右侧增强可读性(子查询可以出现在比较运算符的两侧)
[*]  单行操作符对应单行子查询,多行操作符对应多行子查询
  单行子查询:
  – 子查询中的组函数
  – HAVING 子句中的子查询

[*]  只返回一行
[*]  使用单行比较操作符
操作符含义=等于>大于>=大于等于, ,'IT_PROG';

  在多行子查询中使用 ALL操作符
  select employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
  from employees
  where salary < all
  (select salary
  from employees
  where job_id = 'IT_PROG')
  and job_id'IT_PROG';

  子查询中的空值
  select emp.last_name
  from employees emp
  where emp.employee_id not in
  (select mgr.manager_id
  from employees mgr);
  1、HR 部门的同事想要你帮忙写一个 SQL 语句,该 SQL 语句可以传入一个值(员工的 last_name),然后返回结果是该员工同一部门同事的 last_name 和 hire_date,且要求该员工不在返回结果中。
  举个例子,如果用户输入”Zlotkey”,结果就会返回除了 Zlotkey 之外的同一部门的其他同事的
  last_name 和 hire_date.
  select last_name,hire_date
  from employees
  where department_id =(select department_id from employees
  where last_name= '&&enter_name')
  and last_name < > '&enter_name';
  2、请查询出所有高于平均工资的员工的 employee_id,last_name,salary,并将最终结果根据salary 降序排列。
  select employee_id,last_name,salary
  from employees
  where salary > (select avg(salary)
  from employees)
  order by salary;
  3、请写一条 SQL 语句,要求查询出那些同一部门员工 last_name 里面包含字母”u”的员工的employee_id,last_name。
  select employee_id,last_name from employees where department_id in (select department_id from employees where last_name like '%u%');
  4、请帮助HR部门的同事查出所有部门location_id是1700的员工的last_name,department_id,job_id。
  select last_name,department_id,job_id
  from employees
  where department_id in(select department_id
  from departments
  where location_id=1700);
  让用户可以选择输入一个 location_id,然后输出结果。
  select last_name,department_id,job_id
  from employees
  where department_id in(select department_id
  from departments
  where location_id=&enter_location);
  5、请查出所有需要向 King 汇报的员工的 last_name 以及 salary
  select last_name,salary,manager_id
  from employees
  where manager_id = (select employee_id
  from employees
  where last_name like 'King' and manager_id is null);
  6、请查出所有是执行部(Executive)的员工的 department_id,last_name,job_id
  select department_id,last_name,job_id
  from employees
  where department_id in(select department_id
  from departments
  where department_name like 'Executive');
  7、请查出比 department_id 是 60 的任何员工薪水高的所有的员工的 last_name。
  select department_id,last_name,salary from employees
  where salary > any
  (select salary from employees
  where department_id=60);
  8、查询所有高于平均工资,并且同一部门员工 last_name 里面包含字母”u”的员工的 employee_id,last_name,salary。
  select employee_id,last_name,salary
  from employees
  where department_id in(select department_id
  from employees
  where last_name like '%u%')
  and salary > (select avg(salary) from employees);

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