子查询语法:
select select_list from table where expr operator (select select_list from table);
子查询(内查询)在主查询(外查询)之前执行。
主查询使用子查询结果。
位置:select,where,from,having
1、查询谁的工资比Abel高
select last_name, salary from employees
where salary >
(select salary
from employees
where last_name = 'Abel');
使用子查询注意事项
子查询要包含在括号内。
将子查询放在比较条件的右侧增强可读性(子查询可以出现在比较运算符的两侧)
单行操作符对应单行子查询,多行操作符对应多行子查询
单行子查询:
– 子查询中的组函数
– HAVING 子句中的子查询
只返回一行
使用单行比较操作符
操作符含义=等于>大于>=大于等于, , 'IT_PROG';
在多行子查询中使用 ALL 操作符
select employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
from employees
where salary < all
(select salary
from employees
where job_id = 'IT_PROG')
and job_id 'IT_PROG';
子查询中的空值
select emp.last_name
from employees emp
where emp.employee_id not in
(select mgr.manager_id
from employees mgr);
1、HR 部门的同事想要你帮忙写一个 SQL 语句,该 SQL 语句可以传入一个值(员工的 last_name),然后返回结果是该员工同一部门同事的 last_name 和 hire_date,且要求该员工不在返回结果中。
举个例子,如果用户输入”Zlotkey”,结果就会返回除了 Zlotkey 之外的同一部门的其他同事的
last_name 和 hire_date.
select last_name,hire_date
from employees
where department_id =(select department_id from employees
where last_name= '&&enter_name')
and last_name < > '&enter_name';
2、请查询出所有高于平均工资的员工的 employee_id,last_name,salary,并将最终结果根据salary 降序排列。
select employee_id,last_name,salary
from employees
where salary > (select avg(salary)
from employees)
order by salary;
3、请写一条 SQL 语句,要求查询出那些同一部门员工 last_name 里面包含字母”u”的员工的employee_id,last_name。
select employee_id,last_name from employees where department_id in (select department_id from employees where last_name like '%u%');
4、请帮助HR部门的同事查出所有部门location_id是1700的员工的last_name,department_id,job_id。
select last_name,department_id,job_id
from employees
where department_id in(select department_id
from departments
where location_id=1700);
让用户可以选择输入一个 location_id,然后输出结果。
select last_name,department_id,job_id
from employees
where department_id in(select department_id
from departments
where location_id=&enter_location);
5、请查出所有需要向 King 汇报的员工的 last_name 以及 salary
select last_name,salary,manager_id
from employees
where manager_id = (select employee_id
from employees
where last_name like 'King' and manager_id is null);
6、请查出所有是执行部(Executive)的员工的 department_id,last_name,job_id
select department_id,last_name,job_id
from employees
where department_id in(select department_id
from departments
where department_name like 'Executive');
7、请查出比 department_id 是 60 的任何员工薪水高的所有的员工的 last_name。
select department_id,last_name,salary from employees
where salary > any
(select salary from employees
where department_id=60);
8、查询所有高于平均工资,并且同一部门员工 last_name 里面包含字母”u”的员工的 employee_id,last_name,salary。
select employee_id,last_name,salary
from employees
where department_id in(select department_id
from employees
where last_name like '%u%')
and salary > (select avg(salary) from employees);