bash 实现apache 的CGI 程序，并实现传入参数
在网上看到好多关于apache的文章，但一直找到不关于用bash实现cgi，并且能够顺利执行自定义命令的脚本，只好亲自动手试一试，终于弄明白其中的要点，所以现在记录一下。首先是配置apache的cgi执行环境。一般默认都是支持的，并且路径是:/var/www/cgi-bin下面。除非有更改的。
现在测试下cgi的环境: http://192.168.100.106/cgi-bin/hello.cgi
#!/bin/bash
echo -e "Content-type: text/html\n\n";
echo ""
echo ""
echo -e "this is shell cgi\n"
echo ""
echo ""
echo -e " hello , andy body .."
echo ""
echo ""
如果能成功的话，结果输出为: hello , andy body ..
。。
现在，提高难度，使bash的cgi能接收form 的传参：
表单网页源码为:
redhat6.long.com
###################wellcome to redhat6.long.com ##################
zabbix
nagios
nconf
mysvn
phpMyAdmin
php
ks.cf
cmd command
Enter CMD:
访问显示如图：
现在开始是添加能够执行传参cgi了，这个是参照某个例子， 首先要添一个脚本到/var/www/cgi-bin目录下：proccgi.sh
#!/bin/sh
#
# Process input to a CGI script. Written and Copyright 1995 Frank Pilhofer
# You may freely use and distribute this code free of charge provided that
# this copyright notice remains. fp@informatik.uni-frankfurt.de
#
# All variables in here are prefixed by _F_, so you shouldn't have
# any conflicts with your own var names
#
# get query string. if $REQUEST_METHOD is "POST", then it must be read
# from stdin, else it's in $QUERY_STRING
#
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo --Program Starts-- 1>&2
fi
#
if [ "$REQUEST_METHOD" = "POST" ] ; then
_F_QUERY_STRING=`dd count=$CONTENT_LENGTH bs=1 2> /dev/null`"&"
if [ "$QUERY_STRING" != "" ] ; then
_F_QUERY_STRING="$_F_QUERY_STRING""$QUERY_STRING""&"
fi
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo --Posted String-- 1>&2
fi
else
_F_QUERY_STRING="$QUERY_STRING""&"
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo --Query String-- 1>&2
fi
fi
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
( echo "" $_F_QUERY_STRING
echo --Adding Arguments-- ) 1>&2
fi
#
# if there are arguments, use them as well.
#
for _F_PAR in $* ; do
_F_QUERY_STRING="$_F_QUERY_STRING""$_F_PAR""&"
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo "" arg $_F_PAR 1>&2
fi
done
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
( echo --With Added Arguments--
echo "" $_F_QUERY_STRING ) 1>&2
fi
#
# if $PATH_INFO is not empty and contains definitions '=', append it as well.
# but replace slashes by ampersands
#
if echo $PATH_INFO | grep = > /dev/null ; then
_F_PATH_INFO="$PATH_INFO""//"
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
( echo --Adding Path Info--
echo "" $_F_PATH_INFO ) 1>&2
fi
while [ "$_F_PATH_INFO" != "" -a "$_F_PATH_INFO" != "/" ] ; do
_F_QUERY_STRING="$_F_QUERY_STRING""`echo $_F_PATH_INFO | cut -d / -f 1`""&"
_F_PATH_INFO=`echo $_F_PATH_INFO | cut -s -d / -f 2-`
done
fi
#
# append another '&' to fool some braindead cut implementations. Test yours:
# echo 'i am braindead!' | cut -d '!' -f 2
#
_F_QUERY_STRING="$_F_QUERY_STRING""&"
#
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
( echo --Final Query String--
echo "" $_F_QUERY_STRING ) 1>&2
fi
#
while [ "$_F_QUERY_STRING" != "" -a "$_F_QUERY_STRING" != "&" ] ; do
_F_VARDEF=`echo $_F_QUERY_STRING | cut -d \& -f 1`
# _F_QUERY_STRING=`echo $_F_QUERY_STRING | cut -d \& -f 2-`
_F_VAR=`echo $_F_VARDEF | cut -d = -f 1`
_F_VAL=`echo "$_F_VARDEF""=" | cut -d = -f 2`
#
# Workaround for more braindead cut implementations that strip delimiters
# at the end of the line (i.e. HP-UX 10)
#
if echo $_F_QUERY_STRING | grep -c \& > /dev/null ; then
_F_QUERY_STRING=`echo $_F_QUERY_STRING | cut -d \& -f 2-`
else
_F_QUERY_STRING=""
fi
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
( echo --Got Variable--
echo "" var=$_F_VAR
echo "" val=$_F_VAL
echo "" rem=$_F_QUERY_STRING ) 1>&2
fi
if [ "$_F_VAR" = "" ] ; then
continue
fi
#
# replace '+' by spaces
#
_F_VAL="$_F_VAL""++"
_F_TMP=
while [ "$_F_VAL" != "" -a "$_F_VAL" != "+" -a "$_F_VAL" != "++" ] ; do
_F_TMP="$_F_TMP""`echo $_F_VAL | cut -d + -f 1`"
_F_VAL=`echo $_F_VAL | cut -s -d + -f 2-`
if [ "$_F_VAL" != "" -a "$_F_VAL" != "+" ] ; then
_F_TMP="$_F_TMP"" "
fi
done
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo "" vrs=$_F_TMP 1>&2
fi
#
# replace '%XX' by ascii character. the hex sequence MUST BE uppercase
#
_F_TMP="$_F_TMP""%%"
_F_VAL=
while [ "$_F_TMP" != "" -a "$_F_TMP" != "%" ] ; do
_F_VAL="$_F_VAL""`echo $_F_TMP | cut -d % -f 1`"
_F_TMP=`echo $_F_TMP | cut -s -d % -f 2-`
if [ "$_F_TMP" != "" -a "$_F_TMP" != "%" ] ; then
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo "" got hex "%" $_F_TMP 1>&2
fi
_F_HEX=`echo $_F_TMP | cut -c 1-2 | tr "abcdef" "ABCDEF" `
_F_TMP=`echo $_F_TMP | cut -c 3-`
#
# can't handle newlines anyway. replace by space
#
# if [ "$_F_HEX" = "0A" ] ; then
# _F_HEX="20"
# fi
_F_VAL="$_F_VAL""`/bin/echo '\0'\`echo "16i8o"$_F_HEX"p" | dc\``"
fi
done
#
# replace forward quotes to backward quotes, since we have trouble handling
# the former ones.
#
_F_VAL=`echo $_F_VAL | tr "'" '\`'`
#
# if debug, send variables to stderr
#
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
( echo --Final Assignment--
echo "FORM_$_F_VAR"=\'$_F_VAL\' ) 1>&2
fi
# /bin/echo "FORM_$_F_VAR"=\'$_F_VAL\'
/bin/echo "FORM_$_F_VAR"="'"$_F_VAL"'"
done
#
if [ ${DEBUG:-0} -eq 1 ] ; then
echo done. 1>&2
fi
#
# done.
#
exit 0 并且添加可执行权限： chmod a+x proccgi.sh
下面是我的自定义脚本了： cmd.cgi (这个网页的表单中指定的cgi名字对应)
#!/bin/bash
# init params
eval `/var/www/cgi-bin/proccgi.sh $* 2>/tmp/proccgi.log`## 引入proccgi.sh ，对URL进行解释操作，重定向错误为了方便调试使用的，有可能是权限问题造成问题
# this is orgin data , is will make "/" as "\057" , "|" as "\0174"
srcdata=$FORM_data ### $FORM_data 格式是因为在表单的数据输入框的名字是data , 按 FORM_name格式改写
data=$FORM_data
`"$data" 2>> /tmp/proccgi.log`##同上
function handData(){
#在执行“cat /etc/passwd” 的等命令，“/”传过时会变成"\057" ,所以要转义回原来的格式。
data=`echo"$srcdata"|sed 's/\\057/\//g'| tr -d '\\' 2>/dev/null`
data=$(echo"$data" | sed 's/0174/|/p')
#同理，“｜” 也被转换成了"\0174" ,所以要转回原来的格式（在其它脚本可以用，在这里出问题了，不过“｜”就可以了）
# hand " , remove 042
#data=$(echo "$data| sed )
}
handData
echo $data >> /tmp/proccgi.log## 方便调试
`"$data" 2>> /tmp/proccgi.log` ###方便调试
echo -e "Content-type: text/html\n";
echo ""
echo ""
echo -e "this is shell cgi\n"
echo ""
echo ""
echo -e "I am $(whoami)\t\t\n"
echo -e "go back"
echo -e "srccmd = $srcdata , cmd = $data"
echo ""
#this is ok , but it can't use '|' or 'cat xxx' etc...
echo -e "$($data | awk '{print ""$0""}')"##添加p , bre 等标签，可以在输出的时候可以换行
#echo -e "$(su paylm -c $data | awk '{print ""$0""}' 2>/tmp/proccgi.log)"
echo ""
echo ""
echo ""#!/bin/bash
# init params
eval `/var/www/cgi-bin/proccgi.sh $* 2>/tmp/proccgi.log`## ，为了方便调试使用的，有可能是权限问题造成问题
# this is orgin data , is will make "/" as "\057" , "|" as "\0174"
srcdata=$FORM_data
data=$FORM_data
`"$data" 2>> /tmp/proccgi.log`##同上
function handData(){
#在执行“cat /etc/passwd” 的等命令，“/”传过时会变成"\057" ,所以要转义回原来的格式。
data=`echo"$srcdata"|sed 's/\\057/\//g'| tr -d '\\' 2>/dev/null`
data=$(echo"$data" | sed 's/0174/|/p')
#同理，“｜” 也被转换成了"\0174" ,所以要转回原来的格式（在其它脚本可以用，在这里出问题了，不过“｜”就可以了）
# hand " , remove 042
#data=$(echo "$data| sed )
}
handData
echo $data >> /tmp/proccgi.log## 方便调试
`"$data" 2>> /tmp/proccgi.log` ###方便调试
echo -e "Content-type: text/html\n";
echo ""
echo ""
echo -e "this is shell cgi\n"
echo ""
echo ""
echo -e "I am $(whoami)\t\t\n"
echo -e "go back"
#echo "$FORM_data"
echo -e "srccmd = $srcdata , cmd = $data"
echo ""
#this is ok , but it can't use '|' or 'cat xxx' etc...
echo -e "$($data | awk '{print ""$0""}')"##添加p , bre 等标签，可以在输出的时候可以换行
#echo -e "$(su paylm -c $data | awk '{print ""$0""}' 2>/tmp/proccgi.log)"
echo ""
echo ""
echo "" 添加可执行权限：chmod a+x cmd.cgi
############################# 大功告成， 测试 ################
输入命令
### 输入命令
只是执行带管道有错。
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