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一．概述
LVS作用：实现负载均衡
Keepalived作用：监控集群系统中各个服务节点的状态，HA cluster。
配置LVS有两种方式：
1. 通过ipvsadm命令行方式配置
2. 通过Redhat提供的工具piranha来配置LVS
软件下载：
ipvsadm下载地址：
http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/software/kernel-2.6/
Keepalived下载地址：
http://www.keepalived.org/software/
安装包版本：
ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz
keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
操作系统版本：
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)
二．服务器规划：
服务器
| IP地址
| 网关
| 虚拟设备名
| 虚拟IP（VIP）
| 部署应用
| Master Director Server
| 10.50.13.34
| 10.50.13.1
| eth0:0
| 10.50.13.11
| LVS+keepalived
| Backup Director Server
| 10.50.13.35
| 10.50.13.1
| eth0:0
| 10.50.13.11
| LVS+keepalived
| Real server1
| 10.50.13.36
| 10.50.13.1
| lo:0
| 10.50.13.11
| Nginx+tomcat
| Real server2
| 10.50.13.37
| 10.50.13.1
| lo:0
| 10.50.13.11
| Nginx+tomcat
|
三．LVS安装配置
1.通过ipvsadm软件配置LVS，在Director Serve上安装IPVS管理软件
通过如下命令检查kernel是否已经支持LVS的ipvs模块：
$ modprobe -l |grep ipvs
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_rr.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_wrr.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_lc.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_wlc.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_lblc.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_lblcr.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_dh.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_sh.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_sed.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_nq.ko
kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_ftp.ko
如果有类似上面的输出，表明系统内核已经默认支持了IPVS模块。接着就可以安装IPVS管理软件了。
2. 安装ipvsadm
$ tar zxf ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz
$ cd ipvsadm-1.24
$ sudo make
$ sudo make install
make时可能会遇到报错，由于编译程序找不到对应内核的原因，执行以下命令后继续编译
$ ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-164.el5-x86_64/ /usr/src/linux
3. ipvsadm配置
为了管理和配置的方便，将ipvsadm配置写成启停脚本：
$ cat lvsdr
#!/bin/bash
# description: Start LVS of Director server
VIP=10.50.13.11
RIP=`echo 10.50.13.{36..37}`
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
case "$1" in
start)
echo " start LVS of Director Server"
# set the Virtual IP Address and sysctl parameter
/sbin/ifconfig eth0:0 ${VIP} broadcast ${VIP} netmask 255.255.255.255 up
/sbin/route add -host ${VIP} dev eth0:0
#echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
#Clear IPVS table
/sbin/ipvsadm -C
#set LVS
/sbin/ipvsadm -A -t ${VIP}:80 -s rr -p 600
/sbin/ipvsadm -A -t ${VIP}:90 -s rr -p 600
for rip in ${RIP};do
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t ${VIP}:80 -r ${rip}:80 -g
/sbin/ipvsadm -a -t ${VIP}:90 -r ${rip}:90 -g
done
#Run LVS
/sbin/ipvsadm
;;
stop)
echo "close LVS Directorserver"
#echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
/sbin/ipvsadm -C
/sbin/ifconfig eth0:0 down
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
然后把文件放到/etc/init.d下，执行：
$ chomd +x /etc/init.d/lvsdr
$ service lvsdr start
4. Real server 配置
在lvs的DR和TUN模式下，用户的访问请求到达真实服务器后，是直接返回给用户的，而不再经过前端的Director Server，因此，就需要在每个Real server节点上增加虚拟的VIP地址，这样数据才能直接返回给用户，增加VIP地址的操作可以通过创建脚本的方式来实现，创建文件/etc /init.d/lvsrs，脚本内容如下：
$ cat /etc/init.d/lvsrs
#!/bin/bash
VIP=10.50.13.11
/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 ${VIP} broadcast ${VIP} netmask 255.255.255.255 up
/sbin/route add -host ${VIP} dev lo:0
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
sysctl -p
四．Keepalived安装配置
以下是通过具有sudo权限的普通用户安装的。
tar zxf keepalived-1.2.2.tar.gz
cd keepalived-1.2.2
./configure --sysconf=/etc --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
sudo make
sudo make install
sudo cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /sbin/keepalived
配置keepalived
Keepavlived的配置文件在/etc/keepalived/目录下，编辑后的keepavlived的MASTER配置文件如下：
$ cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
Eivll0m@xxx.com
}
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 10.50.13.34
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_MASTER
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.50.13.11
}
notify_master "/etc/init.d/lvsdr start"
notify_backup "/etc/init.d/lvsdr stop"
}
virtual_server 10.50.13.11 80 {
delay_loop 2
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
#nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 10.50.13.36 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 10.50.13.37 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
virtual_server 10.50.13.11 90 {
delay_loop 2
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
#nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 10.50.13.36 90 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 10.50.13.37 90 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
BACKUP配置文件如下：
$ cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
Eivll0m@xxx.com
}
notification_email_from keepalived@localhost
smtp_server 10.50.13.35
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_BACKUP
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.50.13.11
}
notify_master "/etc/init.d/lvsdr start"
notify_backup "/etc/init.d/lvsdr stop"
}
virtual_server 10.50.13.11 80 {
delay_loop 2
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
#nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 10.50.13.36 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 10.50.13.37 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
virtual_server 10.50.13.11 90 {
delay_loop 2
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
#nat_mask 255.255.255.0
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 10.50.13.36 90 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 10.50.13.37 90 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
keepalived启动方法：
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
五．nginx、tomcat安装配置
1.安装nginx
$ tar zxf nginx-1.6.1.tar.gz
$ cd nginx-1.6.1
$ ./configure --prefix=/app/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --add-module=/app/soft/nginx-sticky
$ make
$ make install
2.nginx配置：
upstream test_80 {
sticky;
server 10.50.13.36:8080;
server 10.50.13.37:8080;
}
upstream test_90 {
sticky;
server 10.50.13.36:8090;
server 10.50.13.37:8090;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
.....
location ^~ /test/ {
proxy_pass http://test_80;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
server {
listen 90;
server_name localhost;
.....
location ^~ /test/ {
proxy_pass http://test_80;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
3.安装tomcat（简单，过程略）
10.50.13.36/37每台机器各安装两个tomcat，端口分别启用8080和8090
安装路径：/app/tomcat、/app/tomcat2
4.给tomcat准备测试文件
10.50.13.36:
$ mkdir /app/tomcat/webapps/test
$ cd /app/tomcat/webapps/test
$ vi index.jsp #添加如下内容
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>10.50.13.36_tomcat1</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="blue">10.50.13.36_tomcat1 </font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
$ mkdir /app/tomcat/webapps/test
$ cd /app/tomcat/webapps/test
$ vi index.jsp #添加如下内容
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>10.50.13.36_tomcat2</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="blue">10.50.13.36_tomcat2 </font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
10.50.13.37:
$ mkdir /app/tomcat/webapps/test
$ cd /app/tomcat/webapps/test
$ vi index.jsp #添加如下内容
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>10.50.13.37_tomcat1</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="blue">10.50.13.37_tomcat1 </font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
$ mkdir /app/tomcat/webapps/test
$ cd /app/tomcat/webapps/test
$ vi index.jsp #添加如下内容
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
<head><title>10.50.13.37_tomcat2</title></head>
<body>
<h1><font color="blue">10.50.13.37_tomcat7 </font></h1>
<table align="centre" border="1">
<tr>
<td>Session ID</td>
<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>
<td><%= session.getId() %></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Created on</td>
<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
六．测试
通过浏览器访问http://10.50.13.11/test/index.jsp
查看LVS统计信息：
通过curl访问http://10.50.13.11/test/index.jsp
查看LVS统计信息：
通过浏览器访问http://10.50.13.11:90/test/index.jsp
查看LVS统计信息：可以看到10.50.13.11:dnsix有变化了。
keepalived测试，停掉master上的keepalived服务，看看VIP是否会漂移到BACKUP上面
通过以上测试发现，BACKUP已正常接管服务了。
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