pip安装及使用详解

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pip都是用来下载安装Python一个公共资源库PyPI的相关资源包的(简单来说， pip 是一个安装和管理 Python 包的工具)，常用的文档eg：https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing/#installing-with-get-pip-py
（一）pip的下载和安装：
（1）安装pip之前先安装setuptools-0.6c11工具

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[iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]#wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/ ... tools-0.6c11.tar.gz [iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]#tar zxvf setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz [iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]#cd setuptools-0.6c11 [iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]#python setup.py build [iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]#python setup.py install

（2）下载安装pip

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[iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]#wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate [iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]#tar zxvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz [iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]#cd pip-1.5.4 [iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]# python setup.py install

(二）pip使用详解：
（1）使用pip安装包

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[iyunv@KVM ~]# pip install simplejson Downloading/unpacking simplejson   Downloading simplejson-3.8.2.tar.gz (76kB): 76kB downloaded   Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/simplejson/setup.py) egg_info for package simplejson Installing collected packages: simplejson   Running setup.py install for simplejson     building 'simplejson._speedups' extension     gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c simplejson/_speedups.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/simplejson/_speedups.o     simplejson/_speedups.c:2:20: error: Python.h: No such file or directory     simplejson/_speedups.c:3:26: error: structmember.h: No such file or directory         simplejson/_speedups.c: In function ‘init_speedups’:     simplejson/_speedups.c:3391: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘moduleinit’     ***************************************************************************     WARNING: The C extension could not be compiled, speedups are not enabled.     Failure information, if any, is above.     I'm retrying the build without the C extension now.     ***************************************************************************     ***************************************************************************     WARNING: The C extension could not be compiled, speedups are not enabled.     Plain-Python installation succeeded.     *************************************************************************** Successfully installed simplejson Cleaning up...

（2)安装特定的版本及升级：安装特定版本的package，通过使用==, >=, <=, >, <来指定一个版本号。
pip install 'Markdown<2.0' 或 pip install 'Markdown>2.0,<2.0.3'

升级包到当前最新的版本，可以使用-U 或者 --upgrade：pip install -U Markdown

卸载包：pip uninstall Markdown

查询包：pip search "multiprocessing"

列出安装的packages:pip freeze

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[iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]# pip install -U Markdown        ######升级包markdown Requirement already up-to-date: Markdown in /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages Cleaning up... [iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]# pipuninstall markdown -bash: pipuninstall: command not found [iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]# pip uninstall markdown          ######卸载包 Uninstalling Markdown:   /usr/bin/markdown_py   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/Markdown-2.6.5-py2.6.egg-info   /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/markdown/__init__.py Proceed (y/n)? y   Successfully uninstalled Markdown [iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]# pip install markdown            ######安装包 Downloading/unpacking markdown   Downloading Markdown-2.6.5.tar.gz (301kB): 301kB downloaded   Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/markdown/setup.py) egg_info for package markdown Installing collected packages: markdown   Running setup.py install for markdown     changing mode of build/scripts-2.6/markdown_py from 644 to 755     skipping build_docs: Markdown "import" failed!     changing mode of /usr/bin/markdown_py to 755 Successfully installed markdown Cleaning up... [iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]# pip search "markdown"               ######查询包 notedown                  - Convert markdown to IPython notebook. cmddocs                   - An interactive commandline interface for your personal docs using python,                             Cmd, git and markdown understate                - markdown presentations using ncurses markdown-attr-plus        - Markdown Extension to extend attr_list extension to add extra syntax. mdx_twitchmoticons        - Python-Markdown extension to support Twitch.tv-style emoticons. markdown2Mathjax          - Extend markdown2 for use with mathjax pelican                   - A tool to generate a static blog from reStructuredText or Markdown input                             files. markdownify               - Convert HTML to markdown. [iyunv@KVM pip-1.5.4]# pip freeze                              #######列出已安装的包 Markdown==2.6.5 argparse==1.2.1 elasticsearch==2.3.0 ethtool==0.6 firstboot==1.110 glusterfs-api==3.6.0.54 iniparse==0.3.1 pycurl==7.19.0 pygpgme==0.1 python-meh==0.11 pyxdg==0.18 scdate==1.9.60 simplejson==3.8.2 slip==0.2.20 urlgrabber==3.9.1 urllib3==1.14 virtinst==0.600.0 yum-metadata-parser==1.1.2

备注：常用的命令如下：
1，pip show --files somepackage  ------查看已安装的包
2，pip list --outdated        -------检查那些包需要更新
3，pip install --upgrage somepackage  --------升级somepackage包
4，pip uninstall somepackage     -------pip卸载包
5，pip --help  ------查看帮助信息