CentOS 5.6下创建KVM虚拟机

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首先要保证你的CPU支持虚拟化。执行以下命令查看CPU的flag信息，里面包含svm的flag就说明支持虚拟化：
[iyunv@localhost ~]# egrep '(vmx|svm)' --color=always /proc/cpuinfoflags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow pni cx16 lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy misalignsseflags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow pni cx16 lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy misalignsse安装KVM运行所需要的软件包：
yum install kvm kmod-kvm qemu kvm-qemu-img virt-viewer virt-manager ibvirt libvirt-python python-virtinst                                                                                                                                     或者用下面这句也行：yum groupinstall KVM另外，如果后面想用virt-manager图形化安装和管理虚拟机的话，CentOS 5.6需要作一些配置和改动。由于我在安装前就选择了gnome图形化界面，所以我想用Xmanager 3.0图形化管理此机器，过程如下：
一、添加XDMCP协议支持，让服务器打开177端口
我们可以更改/etc/gdm/custom.conf文件，在
[xdmcp]项下添加
Enable=1二、服务器自身关闭iptables及SElinux
三、保证服务器以图形化界面启动，即运行在5模式下
以下是更改CentOS 5.6的认证模块
vim /etc/pam.d/login 注释第一行 #auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so vim /etc/pam.d/remote 注释第一行 #auth       required     pam_securetty.so重新启动服务器即可，可用lsof -i:177命令查看端口是否开放。
在服务器上增加一个br0网桥设备，方便与虚拟机直连，步骤如下：
# cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /root/.cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-br01.If your network card is configured with a static IP address,your original network script file should look similar to the followingexample:
DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=static HWADDR=00:14:5E:C2:1E:40 IPADDR=10.10.1.152 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 ONBOOT=yes

The following table shows the contents ofthe network configuration scripts for eth0 and br0.Edit your scripts as shown in the following example.

Table 1. Bridgingnetwork files comparison

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=eth0 TYPE=EthernetHWADDR=00:14:5E:C2:1E:40 ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=noBRIDGE=br0DEVICE=br0TYPE=BridgeNM_CONTROLLED=noBOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=10.10.1.152 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 ONBOOT=yesIn the left column is the network script file for networkcard (eth0).  The pre-existing information about this networkcard stays the same, but three items are added:

• TYPE
  The device type.
  
• NM_CONTROLLED=no
  Specifies that the card is not controlled by the Network Manager.In order for the bridge to work, only one device can be controlledby the Network Manager.
  
• BRIDGE=br0
  Associates this card with the bridge.
  
  

In the right column is the network script forthe bridge (br0).  The following changes are reflected:

• DEVICE
  The device name.
  
• TYPE
  The device type. Bridge is case-sensitive andmust be added exactly as represented here with an upper case 'B' andlower case 'ridge'.
  
• NM_CONTROLLED=no
  Specifies that the bridge is not controlled by the Network Manager.In order for the bridge to work, only one device can be controlledby the Network Manager.
  
  

The other settings are retained from the network cardconfiguration file.
Note: There should not be a hardware address inthis file.  These values set up the bridge to behave like the networkcard: the ifcfg-br0 file acting as an extension of the ifcfg-eth0 filewhere the BRIDGE=br0 is pointing to the ifcfg-br0 file.

2.If your network card is configured with a dynamic IP address,your original network script file should look similar to the followingexample:
DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=dhcpHWADDR=00:14:5E:C2:1E:40 ONBOOT=yes

The following table shows the contents ofthe configuration scripts for eth0 and br0. Edit yourscripts as shown in the following example.

Table 2. Bridgingnetwork files comparison

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=eth0 TYPE=EthernetHWADDR=00:14:5E:C2:1E:40 ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=noBRIDGE=br0DEVICE=br0TYPE=BridgeNM_CONTROLLED=no BOOTPROTO=dhcpONBOOT=yes# service network restart

• Reload the kernel parameters with the sysctl command:
  # sysctl -p net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 ...net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
  

Youcan also see this bridge by running the following command:

brctl showbridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfacesvirbr0          8000.000000000000       yesbr0             8000.000e0cb30550       no              eth0接下来的话，我们就可以直接在服务器上用图形化命令Virt-manager来创建一个CentOS 5.6的虚拟机了。由于要用到物理机本身的光驱，所以这里需要挂载下：
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt记得将CentOS 5.6的DVD光盘放进光驱里。
然后在终端下执行命令virt-manager创建虚拟机，由于操作与vmware server类似，都是基于图形化的操作。


我们成功创建完第一个虚拟机后，我由于测试的需要，还需要创建三个虚拟机，我们可以在终端下依次输入命令，复制虚拟机：
virt-clone --connect=qemu:///system -o centos1 -n centos2 -f /datata/kvm/centos2.imgvirt-clone --connect=qemu:///system -o centos1 -n centos3 -f /datata/kvm/centos3.imgvirt-clone --connect=qemu:///system -o centos1 -n centos4 -f /datata/kvm/centos4.img-o表示旧的虚拟机名称，-n表示新的虚拟机名称，-f表示新的虚拟机路径。
我们全部运行后，可以看下virt-manager的效果图，如下：

系统稳定运行一段时间后，我们可以通过uptime命令观测系统负载，它们不是特别大。
[iyunv@kvm centos10m]# uptime00:43:08 up 2:04, 1 user, load average: 0.92, 0.77, 0.81这样的话，我们就在这台服务器上成功运行了四台64bit CentOS 5.6的机器，KVM环境搭建成功。