Zabbix优化： 数据库表分区

kuyu

在说数据库分表之前，先随便聊聊Zabbix的一些参数的优化吧，其实我也不是很懂，只是机器上了1500+，楞着头皮去调一下参数

首先是几个Poller的调整：
### Option: StartPollers （处理监控项的东西）
### Option: StartIPMIPollers （母鸡干什么用的，暂时没用，设为0）
### Option: StartPollersUnreachable （获取数据遇到不可到达时，交给这些进程处理）
### Option: StartHTTPPollers （监控HTTP，WEB那些东西用的，没用，设为0）
### Option: StartJavaPollers  （监控JAVA专用进程，为毛就只有JAVA）
### Option: StartProxyPollers （处理代理的进程，暂时没用，设为0）
### Option: StartDiscoverers   （处理自动发现的，没用，设为0）
### Option: StartPingers  （如果用了ICMP PING那个模板的，这个值要调大一些）
把几个没用到的先关掉：StartHTTPPollers StartJavaPollers  StartProxyPollers，设为0就可以了，然后可以观察ZabbixServer的图形来调整StartPollers和StartPollersUnreachable的数量：
要注意的是，例如StartPollers，虽然配置文件写是可用范围是0-1000，但这个1000是所有的进程的值，也就是说上面那些进程的总数不能超过1000，设的时候要注意一下这点。

关于Cache的调整：
### Option: CacheSize
### Option: CacheUpdateFrequency
### Option: HistoryCacheSize
### Option: TrendCacheSize
### Option: HistoryTextCacheSize
### Option: ValueCacheSize
关于内存的参数有这么多，都是要根据机器数量和item数量的增加而增加，这些内存的值不能大于系统内核的kernel.shmall这个值，否则申请不了内存程序启动不了

如果日志出现连续一大片地出现这些信息：
Zabbix agent item "vfs.fs.size[/boot,free]" on host "192.168.1.100" failed: first network error, wait for 15 seconds
resuming Zabbix agent checks on host "192.168.1.100": connection restored
说明你的poller不够，需要再加大poller，如果加大poller还是这样则需要减少监控的item，或者用proxy来做分布式监控了

机器数量多的时候，mysql里面的history表就会越来越大，虽然zabbix本身有删除功能（就是那个housekeeper的功能），但这东西太影响性能，所以网上的做法都是关闭这个东西，用mysql的表分区功能来实现清理历史数据还可以提升mysql的性能

一、先修改两张表的结构：

1	Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id)

1	Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id);

二、导入存储过程：

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DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)BEGIN         /*            SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes            TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete            PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create         */         /*            Verify that the partition does not already exist         */         DECLARE RETROWS INT;        SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS        FROM information_schema.partitions        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name = PARTITIONNAME;          IF RETROWS = 0 THEN                 /*                    1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.                    2. Create the SQL to create the partition.                    3. Execute the SQL from #2.                 */                 SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;                SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );                PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;                EXECUTE STMT;                 DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;        END IF;END$$ DELIMITER ;

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DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)BEGIN         /*            SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes            TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete            DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)         */         DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;        DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);          /*            Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date            in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE.  All partitions are prefixed with            a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.         */         DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR                 SELECT partition_name                FROM information_schema.partitions                WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;        DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;          /*            Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition.  Also, create            @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that            should be deleted.         */         SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");        SET @drop_partitions = "";          /*            Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.         */         OPEN myCursor;         read_loop: LOOP                 FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;                IF done THEN                         LEAVE read_loop;                END IF;                SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));        END LOOP;        IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN                 /*                    1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.                    2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.                    3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.                 */                 SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");                PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;                EXECUTE STMT;                 DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;                  SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;        ELSE                 /*                    No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate                    that no changes were made.                 */                 SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;        END IF;END$$ DELIMITER ;

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DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)BEGIN         DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);        DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);        DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;        DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;          CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);        SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));        IF DATE(NOW()) = '2014-04-01' THEN                 SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));        END IF;        SET @__interval = 1;         create_loop: LOOP                IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN                         LEAVE create_loop;                END IF;                  SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);                SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');                CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);                SET @__interval=@__interval+1;        END LOOP;          SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');        CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE); END$$ DELIMITER ;

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DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))BEGIN         DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);        DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);        DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;          /*          * Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.          */         SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS        FROM information_schema.partitions        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;          /*          * If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table          */         IF RETROWS = 1 THEN                 /*                  * Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it.  This is the timestamp below which we will store values.                  * We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day.  This is because we don't want to generate a random partition                  * that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could                  * end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").                  */                 SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));                SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');                  -- Create the partitioning query                 SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");                SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");                  -- Run the partitioning query                 PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;                EXECUTE STMT;                 DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;        END IF;END$$ DELIMITER ;

可以将这四个存储过程写成一个SQL文件直接导入：

1	/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  -uroot -p'123456' zabbix < partition_call.sql

三、使用存储过程：

1	mysql> CALL partition_maintenance('', '[table] ', , , )

例（不要急着直接执行，后面统一运行）：

1	mysql> CALL partition_maintenance('zabbix', 'history', 7, 24, 7);

zabbix_db_name：库名
table_name：表名
days_to_keep_data：保存多少天的数据
hourly_interval：每隔多久生成一个分区
num_future_intervals_to_create：本次一共生成多少个分区
这个例子就是history表最多保存7天的数据，每隔24小时生成一个分区，这次一共生成7个分区
下面这个存储过程就是统一调用：

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DELIMITER $$ CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32)) BEGIN                 CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 28, 24, 14);                 CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 28, 24, 14);                 CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 28, 24, 14);                 CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 28, 24, 14);                 CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 28, 24, 14);                 CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 14);                 CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 14); END$$ DELIMITER ;

保存成文件，再次导入存储过程：

1	/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  -uroot -p'123456' zabbix < partition_all.sql

以后只需要调用这个存储过程就可以了，每天执行一次：

1	mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"

四、最后关掉Zabbix的HouseKeeper功能：


最后附上两个存储过程的文件~


参考文章：
https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/mysql_partition