高性能LNMP搭建(linux/nginx/mysql/php-fastcgi)

赵小黑

一、准备工作
1、关闭不必要的服务
Centos系统安装完毕之后，关闭不需要的服务优化系统，安装系统更新和所需软件支持。
关闭不需要的服务
chkconfig --level 3 acpid off
chkconfig --level 3 anacron off
chkconfig --level 3 apmd off
chkconfig --level 3 mdmonitor off
chkconfig --level 3 xinetd off
chkconfig --level 3 sendmail off
chkconfig --level 3 rpcgssd off
chkconfig --level 3 rawdevices off
chkconfig --level 3 messagebus off
chkconfig --level 3 atd off
chkconfig --level 3 gpm off
chkconfig --level 3 autofs off
chkconfig --level 3 cpuspeed off
chkconfig --level 3 haldaemon off
chkconfig --level 3 nfslock off
chkconfig --level 3 portmap off
chkconfig --level 3 xfs off
chkconfig --level 3 netfs off
chkconfig --level 3 smartd off
chkconfig --level 3 ip6tables off
chkconfig --level 3 isdn off
chkconfig --level 3 rpcidmapd off
chkconfig --level 3 microcode_ctl off
service acpid stop
service anacron stop
service apmd stop
service mdmonitor stop
service xinetd stop
service sendmail stop
service rpcgssd stop
service rawdevices stop
service messagebus stop
service atd stop
service gpm stop
service autofs stop
service cpuspeed stop
service haldaemon stop
service nfslock stop
service portmap stop
service xfs stop
service netfs stop
service smartd stop
service ip6tables stop
service isdn stop
service rpcidmapd stop
service microcode_ctl stop
2、安装系统更新和所需软件支持
yum -y update
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers ntp rar
3、下载需要用到的软件包
（以下地址都是官方下载、也可以自己查找）
【下载PHP需要的库】
wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mcrypt/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mhash/mhash/0.9.9.9/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/mcrypt/MCrypt/2.6.8/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz

【下载mysql、php、nginx】
wget http://mysql.mirrors.hoobly.com/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.57.tar.gz
wget http://us.php.net/distributions/php-5.2.17.tar.gz
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://www.nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.2.tar.gz
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.20.tar.gz

【下载php扩展】
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.6.tgz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.tar.bz2
wget ftp://ftp.imagemagick.org/pub/ImageMagick/ImageMagick-6.7.6-8.tar.gz
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz   这个版本不要太高，否则会装不上
二、安装PHP需要的库程序
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/ && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install && cd ..

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ && ./configure
make && make install
/sbin/ldconfig && cd libltdl/ && ./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make && make install && cd ../..

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ && ./configure
make && make install && cd ..

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ && /sbin/ldconfig
./configure && make && make install && cd ..
三、编译安装 MySQL
1、安装mysql程序
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.57.tar.gz && cd mysql-5.1.57
./configure   -prefix=/data/mysql --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
2、创建用户组和库
创建mysql用户组，创建数据库、日志等存储目录并赋予权限
mkdir -p /data/mysqldata
mkdir -p /data/mysqldata/database
mkdir -p /data/mysqldata/log
mkdir -p /data/mysqldata/pid
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql -d /data/mysqldata/database -s /sbin/nologin mysql
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql/.
chown -R root:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql/*
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata/*
3、修改mysql的主配置文件
修改my.cnf文件参数（参数适用于大于2G内存服务器）
cp -r support-files/my-medium.cnf   /etc/my.cnf
chmod 755 /etc/my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with
# other programs (such as a web server)
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password       = your_password
port           = 3306
socket                = /tmp/mysql.sock

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
user          = mysql
port           = 3306
socket                = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir              = /data/mysql
datadir              = /data/mysqldata/database
log-error = /data/mysqldata/log/mysql_error.log
pid-file      = /data/mysqldata/pid/mysql.pid
skip-external-locking
skip-name-resolve
back_log = 500
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 32M
thread_stack = 193K
table_cache = 256
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
net_buffer_length = 1M
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M

thread_cache = 128
thread_cache_size = 10
query_cache_size = 32M
tmp_table_size = 128M
max_connections = 5000
wait_timeout = 60
max_connect_errors = 6000
expire_logs_days = 30

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking

# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id = 1

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
#    the syntax is:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
#    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
#    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
#    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
#    Example:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
#    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
#    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
#    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
#    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
#    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
#    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
#    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
#    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
#    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id       = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host     =   <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user     =   <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password =   <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port     = <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/var
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/var
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout


4、初始化MySQL服务
/data/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db   --basedir=/data/mysql   --datadir=/data/mysqldata/database   --user=mysql
5、启动MySQL服务
/data/mysql/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &            //启动服务
/data/mysql/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown      //停止服务
6、修改root密码
/data/mysql/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘yourpassword’
四、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
#tar -zxvf php-5.2.17.tar.gz
#gzip   -cd php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz |patch -d php-5.2.17 -p1
#cd php-5.2.17
# ./buildconf   --force
#./configure --prefix=/data/php --with-config-file-path=/data/php/etc --with-mysql=/data/mysql/   --with-mysqli=/data/mysql/bin/mysql_config   --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-libxml-dir=/usr --with-zlib --with-png-dir --with-curl --with-ldap --with-xmlrpc --with-openssl --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --with-freetype-dir --with-ldap-sasl --with-curlwrappers --enable-xml --enable-shared   --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath   --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect   --enable-mbstring=all   --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --enable-zip --enable-soap
#make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
#make install
# cp php.ini-dist /data/php/etc/php.ini
五、安装PHP扩展模块
1、安装扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.6.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.6/
/data/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/data/php/bin/php-config
make && make install && cd ..

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/data/php/bin/phpize
./configure
--with-php-config=/data/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/data/mysql
make && make install && cd ..

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/data/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/data/php/bin/php-config
make && make install && cd ..

tar zxvf ImageMagick-6.7.0-8.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.7.0-8/
./configure && make && make install && cd ..

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/data/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/data/php/bin/php-config
make && make install.
2、修改PHP配置文件php.ini
# cd /data/php/etc
# vim /data/php/etc/php.ini
查找:
extension_dir = "./"
修改为:
extension_dir = "/data/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
再查找：
output_buffering = Off
修改为：
output_buffering = On
创建缓存目录，配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
mkdir -p /data/eaccelerator_cache
将以下参数添加到php.ini文件末尾
zend_extension="/data/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/data/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
3、修改php-fpm.conf配置文件
# cd /data/php/etc
[iyunv@loxhy etc]# vi php-fpm.conf
     62                         Unix user of processes
     63                         <value name="user">www</value>
     64
     65                         Unix group of processes
     66                         <value name="group">www</value>
如果安装Nginx+PHP是为了程序调试，下边需要将0修改为1：
59                         <value name="display_errors">1</value>
这样能显示PHP的错误信息，否则Nginx会报状态500的空白页错误。
# /data/php/sbin/php-fpm start
Starting php_fpm done
这样php-fpm就启动了。默认是9000端口。
# ps -ef |grep php
[iyunv@loxhy etc]# netstat -anlp |grep 9000
tcp        0     0 127.0.0.1:9000      0.0.0.0:*    LISTEN   2596/php-cgi
#echo "/data/php/sbin/php-fpm start " >>/etc/rc.local
4、启动php-fpm   
启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为：www
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start         //在www用户创建之后在开启。
注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm 还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。
六、编译安装nginx
1、创建www用户和组，以及网站目录，日志目录
groupadd www
useradd -g www -s /sbin/nologin www
mkdir -p /data/wsdata/wwwroot
mkdir -p /data/wsdata/wwwroot/error
echo "404" > /data/wsdata/wwwroot/error/404.html
echo "server is too busy" > /data/wsdata/wwwroot/error/50x.html
chmod +w /data/wsdata/wwwroot
mkdir -p /data/wslogs/wwwroot
chmod 777 /data/wslogs/wwwroot
chown -R www:www /data/wsdata/wwwroot

tar zxvf pcre-8.12.tar.gz && cd pcre-8.12/
./configure && make && make install

tar zxvf nginx-1.0.2.tar.gz && cd nginx-1.0.2/
#./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/data/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-cc-opt='-O3' --with-cpu-opt=opteron --with-http_gzip_static_module
make && make install
2、创建或修改nginx配置文件
# vi /data/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www;
worker_processes 4;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
error_log /data/wslogs/nginx_error.log crit;
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
pid   /data/nginx/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 51200;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    #charset gb2312;
    #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log logs/access.log main;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    client_header_buffer_size 32k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
    ignore_invalid_headers on;
    recursive_error_pages on;
    server_name_in_redirect off;

    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    tcp_nodelay    on;

    #keepalive_timeout 0;
    keepalive_timeout 65;

#fastcgi options
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

#size limits
client_max_body_size 300m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;

#gzip compression
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/x-javascript application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
#virtual hosts options
include vhosts.conf;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name localhost;
        #charset koi8-r;
       #access_log logs/host.access.log main;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index index.html index.htm;
        }
        #error_page 404              /404.html;
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}
        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}
        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny all;
        #}
    }
    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name somename alias another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443;
    #    server_name localhost;
    #    ssl                  on;
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
    #    ssl_session_timeout 5m;
    #    ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
    #    ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;
    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}
}
3、修改虚拟主机文件
# vi /data/nginx/conf/vhosts.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.linuxde.net linuxde.net;
access_log /data/wslogs/linuxde_www_access.log combined;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data/wsdata/wwwroot/linuxde/www;
#error_page 404 = ./error/404.html;
#error_page 500 502 503 504 = ./error/50x.html;
#linuxde.net 重定向到 www.linuxde.net
if ($host !~ "^www.linuxde.net$") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.linuxde.net$1 permanent;
}
location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$ {
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index   index.php;
include enable_fcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
access_log      off;
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*.(js|css)$ {
access_log      off;
expires 1d;
}
#wordpress伪静态
location / {
if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
   rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
}
if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
   rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
}
if (!-f $request_filename){
   rewrite (.*) /index.php;
}
}
}
# vi /data/nginx/conf/enable_fcgi.conf
#PHP PATH_INFO bugs
if ($request_filename ~* (.*).php) {
set $php_url $1;
}
if (!-e $php_url.php) {
return 403;
}

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE   nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING   $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD   $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE   $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH   $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME   $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME   $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI   $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI   $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT   $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL   $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR   $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT   $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR   $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT   $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME   $server_name;

#for test
fastcgi_param HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING gzip,deflate;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

4、启动nginx服务
# /data/nginx/sbin/nginx -t            //检测配置文件是否正确
# /data/nginx/sbin/nginx             //启动nginx
这样LNMP就搭建完成了。