mongodb常用操作命令

twerer

在MongoDB 中，一个数据库可能会包含多个集合，就像MySql中一个数据库可能包含多个表；一个集合中可能又会包含多个文档，就像MySql中一个表中包含多条数据。

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基本操作命令： show dbs  查看所有数据库列表 use <dbname> 连接指定的数据库 db  查看当前使用的数据库 > use testdb                      # 创建testdb数据库 switched to db testdb > show dbs admin       0.078GB ceilometer  1.953GB local       6.075GB 列出的数据库中没有testdb或者显示testdb(empty),是因为testdb里面没有任何东西。 > use testdb                     # 删除testdb数据库 switched to db testdb > db.dropDatabase() { "dropped" : "testdb", "ok" : 1 } > use testdb                             # 创建集合 switched to db testdb > db.createCollection('users') { "ok" : 1 } > show collections system.indexes users > show collections            # 删除集合 system.indexes users > db.users.drop() true > show collections system.indexes > db.createCollection('users')   # 往集合中插入数据，如果集合没有会自动创建 { "ok" : 1 } > show collections system.indexes users > db.users.insert([ ... { name : 'yao', ... email : 'yao@qq.com' ... }, ... { name: 'shen', ... email : 'shen@qq.com' ... } ... ]) BulkWriteResult({ "writeErrors" : [ ], "writeConcernErrors" : [ ], "nInserted" : 2, "nUpserted" : 0, "nMatched" : 0, "nModified" : 0, "nRemoved" : 0, "upserted" : [ ] }) > db.users.save([                         #  save也能实现上述insert的功能 ... { name : 'test', ... email : 'test@qq.com' ... } ... ]) BulkWriteResult({ "writeErrors" : [ ], "writeConcernErrors" : [ ], "nInserted" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nMatched" : 0, "nModified" : 0, "nRemoved" : 0, "upserted" : [ ] }) > user1=({'name': 'yao2','email': 'yao2@qq.com'})     # 插入文档，当然也可以把文档内容直接作为函数参数来替代document { "name" : "yao2", "email" : "yao2@qq.com" } > db.users.insert(user1) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.users.update({"name":'yao2'},{$set:{'email':'yaotest@qq.com'}})   # 更新文档，需要引入关键字$set WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.users.find({'name':'yao2'}).pretty() {     "_id" : ObjectId("55e262dc957ba26c00b19e42"),     "name" : "yao2",     "email" : "yaotest@qq.com" } > db.users.save({"_id":ObjectId("55e2673b957ba26c00b19e45"),"name":'yao2','email':'yaotest2@qq.com'})  # 替换存在的文档，但是update更好用点。 > db.users.remove({'name':'yao2'})          # 删除文档 WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 4 }) > db.users.find({'name':'yao2'}).pretty()

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数据查询命令： > db.users.find()               # find不加任何参数返回所有数据记录 { "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"), "name" : "yao", "email" : "yao@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902ea"), "name" : "shen", "email" : "shen@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e1d32b26f975bfd9b902ec"), "name" : "test", "email" : "test@qq.com" } > db.users.find().pretty()     # pretty查询输出结果更美观显示 {     "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"),     "name" : "yao",     "email" : "yao@qq.com" } {     "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902ea"),     "name" : "shen",     "email" : "shen@qq.com" } {     "_id" : ObjectId("55e1d32b26f975bfd9b902ec"),     "name" : "test",     "email" : "test@qq.com" } > db.users.find({'name':'yao','email':'yao@qq.com'}).pretty()  # find中传入多个键值对，mongodb针对多个键值对会当做and处理 {     "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"),     "name" : "yao",     "email" : "yao@qq.com" } > db.users.find({$or: [{'name':'yao'}, {'email':'test@qq.com'}]}).pretty()  # or查询语句需要$or关键字 {     "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"),     "name" : "yao",     "email" : "yao@qq.com" } {     "_id" : ObjectId("55e1d32b26f975bfd9b902ec"),     "name" : "test",     "email" : "test@qq.com" } > db.users.find({'name': 'yao', $or: [{'name':'yao'}, {'email':'test@qq.com'}]}).pretty() # and、or一起用 {     "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"),     "name" : "yao",     "email" : "yao@qq.com" }

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带> >= < <=的条件查询，关键字$gt $lt $gte $lte(顾名思义) > db.users.find({'name':{$gt:'yao2'}}) > db.users.insert({'id':1,'name':'t1','email':'t1@qq.com'}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.users.insert({'id':2,'name':'t2','email':'t2@qq.com'}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.users.insert({'id':3,'name':'t3','email':'t3@qq.com'}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) > db.users.find({'id':{$gt:1}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c2f957ba26c00b19e48"), "id" : 3, "name" : "t3", "email" : "t3@qq.com" } > db.users.find({'id':{$gte:1}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c2f957ba26c00b19e48"), "id" : 3, "name" : "t3", "email" : "t3@qq.com" } > db.users.find({'id':{$lte:2}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" } > db.users.find({'id':{$lt:2}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" } > db.users.find({'id':{$gt:1,$lt:3}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" }

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匹配type的条件查询 type值有： 双精度型(1) 字符串(2) 对象(3) 数组(4) 二进制数据(5) 对象ID(7) 布尔类型(8) 数据(9) 空(10) 正则表达式(11) JS代码(13) 符号(14) 有作用域的JS代码(15) 32位整型数（16) 时间戳（17) 64位整型数（18) Min key(255) Max key(127) > db.users.find({'name':{$type:2}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"), "name" : "yao", "email" : "yao@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902ea"), "name" : "shen", "email" : "shen@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e1d32b26f975bfd9b902ec"), "name" : "test", "email" : "test@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c2f957ba26c00b19e48"), "id" : 3, "name" : "t3", "email" : "t3@qq.com" }

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limit与skip的使用，limit-读取指定数量的记录，skip-读取的时候跳过指定数量的记录 > db.users.find().limit(1) { "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"), "name" : "yao", "email" : "yao@qq.com" } > db.users.find().limit(1).skip(1) { "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902ea"), "name" : "shen", "email" : "shen@qq.com" } > db.users.find().limit(1).skip(3) { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" } > db.users.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"), "name" : "yao", "email" : "yao@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902ea"), "name" : "shen", "email" : "shen@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e1d32b26f975bfd9b902ec"), "name" : "test", "email" : "test@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c2f957ba26c00b19e48"), "id" : 3, "name" : "t3", "email" : "t3@qq.com" }

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sort排序，1表示升序，-1表示降序 > db.users.find().sort({'id':-1}) { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c2f957ba26c00b19e48"), "id" : 3, "name" : "t3", "email" : "t3@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" } { "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" }