关于SAP的事务提交和回滚（LUW）

潇洒紫焰

1 Sap的更新的类型
在sap中，可以使用CALL FUNCTION ... IN UPDATE TASK将多个数据更新绑定到一个database LUW中。程序使用COMMIT WORK提交修改请求。在sap中将更新分四种类型：
1.1 Asynchronous Update（异步更新）：在这种情况，调用程序提交事务不需要等待Update Work Process完成数据更新处理。
1.2 Updating Asynchronously in Steps（多步异步更新）： 这种更新分两步。
1.3 Synchronous Update（同步更新）：在这种情况，调用程序提交事务需要等待Update Work Process完成数据更新处理。使用命令：COMMIT WORK AND WAIT。
1.4 Local Update（本地更新）：这类数据更新是同个work process中完成，程序执行必须等待更新完成才能继续执行。使用命令：SET UPDATE TASK LOCAL。

2 相关程序和TCODE
RSM13000－RSM13005
SM13，SM14
3 相关命令
DB_COMMIT
SET UPDATE TASK LOCAL
CALL FUNCTION '……' IN UPDATE TASK
PERFORM SUBROUT ON COMMIT
COMMIT WORK AND WAIT
COMMIT WORK


From the point of view of database programming, a database LUW is an inseparable sequence of database operations that ends with a database commit. The database LUW is either fully executed by the database system or not at all. Once a database LUW has been successfully executed, the database will be in a consistent state. If an error occurs within a database LUW, all of the database changes since the beginning of the database LUW are reversed. This leaves the database in the state it was in before the transaction started.

The database changes that occur within a database LUW are not actually written to the database until after the database commit. Until this happens, you can use a database rollback to reverse the changes. In the SAP System, database commits and rollbacks can be triggered either implicitly or using explicit commands.
隐式事务提交（自动提交事务）Implicit Database Commits
A work process can only execute a single database LUW. The consequence of this is that a work process must always end a database LUW when it finishes its work for a user or an external call. Work processes trigger an implicit database commit in the following situations:
·        When a dialog step is completed
Control changes from the work process back to the SAP GUI.
·        When a function module is called in another work process (RFC).
Control passes to the other work process.
·        When the called function module (RFC) in the other work process ends.
Control returns to the calling work process.
·        When a WAIT statement interrupts the work process.
Control passes to another work process.
·        Error dialogs (information, warning, or error messages) in dialog steps.
Control passes from the work process to the SAP GUI.
显式提交事务Explicit Database Commits
There are two ways to trigger an explicit database commit in your application programs:
·        Call the function module DB_COMMIT
The sole task of this function module is to start a database commit.
·        Use the ABAP statement COMMIT WORK
This statement starts a database commit, but also performs other tasks (refer to the keyword documentation for COMMIT WORK).
隐式事务回滚（自动回滚事务）（Implicit Database Rollbacks）
The following cases lead to an implicit database rollback:
·        Runtime error in an application program
This occurs whenever an application program has to terminate because of an unforeseen situation (for example, trying to divide by zero).
·        Termination message
Termination messages are generated using the ABAP statement MESSAGE with the message type A or X. In certain cases (updates), they are also generated with message types I, W, and E. These messages end the current application program.
显式回滚事务（Explicit Database Rollbacks）
You can trigger a database rollback explicitly using the ABAP statement ROLLBACK WORK. This statement starts a database rollback, but also performs other tasks (refer to the keyword documentation for ROLLBACK WORK).
From the above, we can draw up the following list of points at which database LUWs begin and end.
开始数据库事务A Database LUW Begins
·        Each time a dialog step starts (when the dialog step is sent to the work process).
·        Whenever the previous database LUW ends in a database commit.
·        Whenever the previous database LUW ends in a database rollback.
结束数据库事务A Database LUW Ends
·        Each time a database commit occurs. This writes all of the changes to the database.
·        Each time a database rollback occurs. This reverses all of the changes made during the LUW.
Database LUWs and Database Locks
As well as the database changes made within it, a database LUW also consists of database locks. The database system uses locks to ensure that two or more users cannot change the same data simultaneously, since this could lead to inconsistent data being written to the database. A database lock can only be active for the duration of a database LUW. They are automatically released when the database LUW ends. In order to program SAP LUWs, we need a lock mechanism within the R/3 System that allows us to create locks with a longer lifetime (refer to The SAP Locking Concept).