Python/Django开发笔记(2) --- CouchDB

龍子

　　接上例：http://blog.iyunv.com/kunshan_shenbin/article/details/7668566
　　这次将介绍Django下操作CouchDB的例子，工程仍将使用PyDev来创建。
　　本文示例代码参考自：


　　http://lethain.com/an-introduction-to-using-couchdb-with-django/
　　https://github.com/lethain/comfy-django-example


　　不过由于Django已经升级至1.4，很多地方需要改动。
　　首先要进行一些准备工作：
　　a. 安装并启动CouchDB。
　　b. 安装Python/django以及eazy_install (windows下可参考：http://blog.iyunv.com/kunshan_shenbin/article/details/7663187).
　　c. 安装couchdb-python组件:
　　

easy_install couchdb
　　
　　操作步骤：
　　1. 新建PyDev项目comfy_django_example。
　　2. 在comfy_django_example里新建应用couch_docs。
　　3. 修改comfy_django_example\settings.py 如下：
　　

# Django settings for comfy_django_example project.

DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG
ADMINS = (
# ('Your Name', 'your_email@example.com'),
)
MANAGERS = ADMINS
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
'NAME': 'D:\\Work\\Aptana Studio 3\\Workspace\\comfy_django_example\\sqlite.db',                      # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
'USER': '',                      # Not used with sqlite3.
'PASSWORD': '',                  # Not used with sqlite3.
'HOST': '',                      # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
'PORT': '',                      # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
}
}
# Local time zone for this installation. Choices can be found here:
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name
# although not all choices may be available on all operating systems.
# On Unix systems, a value of None will cause Django to use the same
# timezone as the operating system.
# If running in a Windows environment this must be set to the same as your
# system time zone.
TIME_ZONE = 'America/Chicago'
# Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
# http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
SITE_ID = 1
# If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
# to load the internationalization machinery.
USE_I18N = True
# If you set this to False, Django will not format dates, numbers and
# calendars according to the current locale.
USE_L10N = True
# If you set this to False, Django will not use timezone-aware datetimes.
USE_TZ = True
# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''
# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://media.lawrence.com/media/", "http://example.com/media/"
MEDIA_URL = ''
# Absolute path to the directory static files should be collected to.
# Don't put anything in this directory yourself; store your static files
# in apps' "static/" subdirectories and in STATICFILES_DIRS.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_ROOT = ''
# URL prefix for static files.
# Example: "http://media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# Additional locations of static files
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
# Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
# Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)
# List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
# various locations.
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
#    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)
# Make this unique, and don't share it with anybody.
SECRET_KEY = '-k76t*s+kl4c5-9-l@&dmg7537qc!-5vdjijzm14rc77o!y)7&'
# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
#     'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
)
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
# Uncomment the next line for simple clickjacking protection:
# 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
#'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
)
ROOT_URLCONF = 'comfy_django_example.urls'
# Python dotted path to the WSGI application used by Django's runserver.
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'comfy_django_example.wsgi.application'
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
# Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
# Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
# 'django.contrib.admin',
# Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
'couch_docs',
)
# A sample logging configuration. The only tangible logging
# performed by this configuration is to send an email to
# the site admins on every HTTP 500 error when DEBUG=False.
# See http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/logging for
# more details on how to customize your logging configuration.
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'filters': {
'require_debug_false': {
'()': 'django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse'
}
},
'handlers': {
'mail_admins': {
'level': 'ERROR',
'filters': ['require_debug_false'],
'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler'
}
},
'loggers': {
'django.request': {
'handlers': ['mail_admins'],
'level': 'ERROR',
'propagate': True,
},
}
}4. 修改comfy_django_example\urls.py 如下：

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
# from django.contrib import admin
# admin.autodiscover()
urlpatterns = patterns('',
# Examples:
# url(r'^$', 'comfy_django_example.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^comfy_django_example/', include('comfy_django_example.foo.urls')),
# Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:
# url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
# url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)
urlpatterns += patterns('couch_docs.views',
(r'^doc/(?P<id>\w+)/','detail'),
(r'^$','index'),
)
　　
　　5. 修改couch_docs\views.py 如下：
　　

# Create your views here.
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_protect
from django.http import Http404,HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from couchdb import *
from couchdb.client import *
from django.core.context_processors import csrf
SERVER = Server('http://127.0.0.1:5984')
if (len(SERVER) == 0):
SERVER.create('docs')
@csrf_protect
def index(request):
docs = SERVER['docs']
if request.method == &quot;POST&quot;:
title = request.POST['title'].replace(' ','')
docs[title] = {'title':title,'text':&quot;&quot;}
return HttpResponseRedirect(u&quot;/doc/%s/&quot; % title)
c = {'rows':docs}
c.update(csrf(request))
return render_to_response('couch_docs/index.html', c)
@csrf_protect
def detail(request,id):
docs = SERVER['docs']
try:
doc = docs[id]
except ResourceNotFound:
raise Http404        
if request.method ==&quot;POST&quot;:
doc['title'] = request.POST['title'].replace(' ','')
doc['text'] = request.POST['text']
docs[id] = doc
c = {'row':doc}
c.update(csrf(request))
return render_to_response('couch_docs/detail.html',c)

6. 在应用couch_docs目录下新建templates\couch_docs，里面放置两个模板文件。　　
　　index.html
　　

<html>
<head>
<title>Comfy Django</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>CouchDB in Django</h1>
<form method=&quot;post&quot; action=&quot;.&quot;>
{% csrf_token %}
<table>
<tr>
<td> Title for new document </td>
<td>
<input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;title&quot;>
</td>
<td>
<input type=&quot;submit&quot;>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
<hr>
<ol>
{% for row in rows %}
<li>
<a id=&quot;title&quot; href=&quot;/doc/{{ row }}/&quot;>{{ row }}</a>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ol>
</body>
</html>detail.html

<html>
<head>
<title>CouchDB in Django: {{ row.title }}</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>CouchDB in Django: {{ row.title }}</h1>
<a href=&quot;/&quot;>Return to index</a>
<table>
<tr>
<td> Title </td>
<td id=&quot;title&quot;>{{ row.title }}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Text </td>
<td id=&quot;text&quot;>{{ row.text }}</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr>
<form method=&quot;post&quot; action=&quot;.&quot;>
{% csrf_token %}
<table>
<tr>
<td> Title for new document </td>
<td>
<input type=&quot;text&quot; name=&quot;title&quot; value=&quot;{{ row.title }}&quot;>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Text </td>
<td><textarea name=&quot;text&quot;>{{ row.text }}</textarea></td>
<tr>
<td>
<input type=&quot;submit&quot;>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
　　
　　接下来只要启动并运行即可。
　　这里还有对该couchdb组件的封装类。
　　http://wiki.apache.org/couchdb/Getting_started_with_Python


　　


　　另付：Cross Site Request Forgery protection
　　https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.4/ref/contrib/csrf/


　　从Django1.2起加入了防止CSRF攻击的模块, 在上面的代码中已经包含了这部分的内容。
　　



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