linux下tomcat作为daemon运行

yanis0522

　　在linux下如果想让tomcat在开机时自启动，可以将启动代码写到/etc/rc.local里面。但是，这样的话，tomcat将以root权限运行，这是不安全的。因此，要想办法让tomcat以非特权身份作为daemon运行。
　　要将tomcat作为linux的daemon运行，需要commons-daemon工程的jsvc工具，tomcat的bin目录里已经自带了这个工具的源码。
　　解压commons-daemon-native.tar.gz，进入unix子目录，然后configure。configure的时候需要指定jdk路径或者当前环境中有JAVA_HOME变量。
　　接下来在make的时候可能会出现如下错误：
　　ar: libservice.a: Malformed archivemake[1]: *** [libservice.a] Error 1
　　这是一个已知的bug：
　　The file bin/commons-daemon-native.tar.gz contains dirty (already compiled)code. On some systems this causes "make" to return the following error:ar: libservice.a: Malformed archiveThe solution is to run "make clean" before running "make".I believe that "make clean" should be run before creating the tgz file, so thatthere are no compiled/generated files laying around.
　　make以后得到jsvc文件，复制到tomcat的bin目录中。另外在native目录下有一个Tomcat5.sh，是用于tomcat自启动的一个模板，我们可以修改它快速得到一个符合要求的启动文件。在这里，我将它修改为如下内容：
　　#!/bin/sh################################################################################ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0# (the &quot;License&quot;); you may not use this file except in compliance with# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at##     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0## Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software# distributed under the License is distributed on an &quot;AS IS&quot; BASIS,# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and# limitations under the License.################################################################################ Small shell script to show how to start/stop Tomcat using jsvc# If you want to have Tomcat running on port 80 please modify the server.xml# file:##    <!-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 80 -->#    <Connector className=&quot;org.apache.catalina.connector.http.HttpConnector&quot;#               port=&quot;80&quot; minProcessors=&quot;5&quot; maxProcessors=&quot;75&quot;#               enableLookups=&quot;true&quot; redirectPort=&quot;8443&quot;#               acceptCount=&quot;10&quot; debug=&quot;0&quot; connectionTimeout=&quot;60000&quot;/>## That is for Tomcat-5.0.x (Apache Tomcat/5.0)## Adapt the following lines to your configurationJAVA_HOME=/usr/local/sun-java6-jdkCATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/apache-tomcat-6DAEMON_HOME=$CATALINA_HOMETOMCAT_USER=tomcat6# for multi instances adapt those lines.TMP_DIR=/var/tmpPID_FILE=/var/run/jsvc.pidCATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_HOME#CATALINA_OPTS=&quot;-Djava.library.path=/home/jfclere/jakarta-tomcat-connectors/jni/native/.libs&quot;CLASSPATH=/$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:/$CATALINA_HOME/bin/commons-daemon.jar:/$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jarcase &quot;$1&quot; instart)## Start Tomcat#echo &quot;Starting tomcat6...&quot;$DAEMON_HOME/bin/jsvc /-user $TOMCAT_USER /-home $JAVA_HOME /-Dcatalina.home=$CATALINA_HOME /-Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE /-Djava.io.tmpdir=$TMP_DIR /-wait 10 /-pidfile $PID_FILE /-outfile $CATALINA_HOME/logs/catalina.out /-errfile $CATALINA_HOME/logs/catalina.err /$CATALINA_OPTS /-cp $CLASSPATH /org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap## To get a verbose JVM#-verbose /# To get a debug of jsvc.#-debug /if test $? -eq 0thenexit 0elseecho &quot;Failed to start tomcat6&quot;exit 1fi;;stop)## Stop Tomcat#$DAEMON_HOME/bin/jsvc /-stop /-pidfile $PID_FILE /org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrapif test $? -eq 0thenecho &quot;tomcat6 stopped&quot;exit 0elseecho &quot;Failed to stop tomcat6&quot;exit 1fi;;restart)## Restart Tomcat#if $0 stopthen$0 startelseecho &quot;Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start.&quot;fiexit 0;;*)echo &quot;Usage: tomcat6 start|stop|restart&quot;exit 1;;esac
　　在以的脚本里面指定了TOMCAT_USER，jsvc将先以特权身份启动tomcat，随后切换到指定的用户，这样可以使tomcat以非特权身份监听需要特权的端口。
　　将脚本复制到/etc/init.d，改名为tomcat6，然后执行
　　update-rc.d tomcat6 defaults
　　配置完成以后，tomcat就可以以非特权用户作为daemon运行了。
　　
　　
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