sqlserver操作各种文件方法

ret43543

******* 导出到excel
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell ''bcp SettleDB.dbo.shanghu out c:\temp1.xls -c -q -S"GNETDATA/GNETDATA" -U"sa" -P""''
/*********** 导入Excel
SELECT *
FROM OpenDataSource( ''Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0'',
''Data Source="c:\test.xls";User ID=Adminassword=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0'')...xactions

/*动态文件名
declare @fn varchar(20),@s varchar(1000)
set @fn = ''c:\test.xls''
set @s =''''''Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0'''',
''''Data Source="''+@fn+''";User ID=Adminassword=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0''''''
set @s = ''SELECT * FROM OpenDataSource (''+@s+'')...sheet1$''
exec(@s)
*/

SELECT cast(cast(科目编号 as numeric(10,2)) as nvarchar(255))+''　'' 转换后的别名
FROM OpenDataSource( ''Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0'',
''Data Source="c:\test.xls";User ID=Adminassword=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0'')...xactions

/********************** EXCEL导到远程SQL
insert OPENDATASOURCE(
''SQLOLEDB'',
''Data Source=远程ip;User ID=saassword=密码''
).库名.dbo.表名 (列名1,列名2)
SELECT 列名1,列名2
FROM OpenDataSource( ''Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0'',
''Data Source="c:\test.xls";User ID=Adminassword=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0'')...xactions

/** 导入文本文件
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell ''bcp dbname..tablename in c:\DT.txt -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword''

/** 导出文本文件
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell ''bcp dbname..tablename out c:\DT.txt -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword''
或
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell ''bcp "Select * from dbname..tablename" queryout c:\DT.txt -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword''

导出到TXT文本，用逗号分开
exec master..xp_cmdshell ''bcp "库名..表名" out "d:\tt.txt" -c -t ,-U sa -P password''

BULK INSERT 库名..表名
FROM ''c:\test.txt''
WITH (
FIELDTERMINATOR = '';'',
ROWTERMINATOR = ''\n''
)

--/* dBase IV文件
select * from
OPENROWSET(''MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0''
,''dBase IV;HDR=NO;IMEX=2;DATABASE=C:\'',''select * from [客户资料4.dbf]'')
--*/

--/* dBase III文件
select * from
OPENROWSET(''MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0''
,''dBase III;HDR=NO;IMEX=2;DATABASE=C:\'',''select * from [客户资料3.dbf]'')
--*/

--/* FoxPro 数据库
select * from openrowset(''MSDASQL'',
''Driver=Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver;SourceType=DBF;SourceDB=c:\'',
''select * from [aa.DBF]'')
--*/

/**************导入DBF文件****************/
select * from openrowset(''MSDASQL'',
''Driver=Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver;
SourceDB=e:\VFP98\data;
SourceType=DBF'',
''select * from customer where country != "USA" order by country'')
go
/***************** 导出到DBF ***************/
如果要导出数据到已经生成结构(即现存的)FOXPRO表中,可以直接用下面的SQL语句

insert into openrowset(''MSDASQL'',
''Driver=Microsoft Visual FoxPro Driver;SourceType=DBF;SourceDB=c:\'',
''select * from [aa.DBF]'')
select * from 表

说明:
SourceDB=c:\ 指定foxpro表所在的文件夹
aa.DBF 指定foxpro表的文件名.

/*************导出到Access********************/
insert into openrowset(''Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0'',
''x:\A.mdb'';''admin'';'''',A表) select * from 数据库名..B表

/*************导入Access********************/
insert into B表 selet * from openrowset(''Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0'',
''x:\A.mdb'';''admin'';'''',A表)

文件名为参数
declare @fname varchar(20)
set @fname = ''d:\test.mdb''
exec(''SELECT a.* FROM opendatasource(''''Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0'''',
''''''+@fname+'''''';''''admin'''';'''''''', topics) as a '')

SELECT *
FROM OpenDataSource( ''Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0'',
''Data Source="f:\northwind.mdb";Jet OLEDBatabase Password=123;User ID=Admin;Password=;'')...产品

********************* 导入 xml　文件

DECLARE @idoc int
DECLARE @doc varchar(1000)
--sample XML document
SET @doc =''
<root>
<Customer cid= "C1" name="Janine" city="Issaquah">
<Order oid="O1" date="1/20/1996" amount="3.5" />
<Order oid="O2" date="4/30/1997" amount="13.4">Customer was very satisfied
</Order>
</Customer>
<Customer cid="C2" name="Ursula" city="Oelde" >
<Order oid="O3" date="7/14/1999" amount="100" note="Wrap it blue
white red">
<Urgency>Important</Urgency>
Happy Customer.
</Order>
<Order oid="O4" date="1/20/1996" amount="10000"/>
</Customer>
</root>
''
-- Create an internal representation of the XML document.
EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @idoc OUTPUT, @doc

-- Execute a SELECT statement using OPENXML rowset provider.
SELECT *
FROM OPENXML (@idoc, ''/root/Customer/Order'', 1)
WITH (oid char(5),
amount float,
comment ntext ''text()'')
EXEC sp_xml_removedocument @idoc




/**********************Excel导到Txt****************************************/
想用
select * into opendatasource(...) from opendatasource(...)
实现将一个Excel文件内容导入到一个文本文件

假设Excel中有两列，第一列为姓名，第二列为很行帐号(16位)
且银行帐号导出到文本文件后分两部分，前8位和后8位分开。

邹健：
如果要用你上面的语句插入的话,文本文件必须存在,而且有一行:姓名,银行账号1,银行账号2
然后就可以用下面的语句进行插入
注意文件名和目录根据你的实际情况进行修改.

insert into
opendatasource(''MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0''
,''Text;HDR=Yes;DATABASE=C:\''
)...[aa#txt]
--,aa#txt)
--*/
select 姓名,银行账号1=left(银行账号,8),银行账号2=right(银行账号,8)
from
opendatasource(''MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0''
,''Excel 5.0;HDR=YES;IMEX=2;DATABASE=c:\a.xls''
--,Sheet1$)
)...[Sheet1$]


如果你想直接插入并生成文本文件,就要用bcp

declare @sql varchar(8000),@tbname varchar(50)

--首先将excel表内容导入到一个全局临时表
select @tbname=''[##temp''+cast(newid() as varchar(40))+'']''
,@sql=''select 姓名,银行账号1=left(银行账号,8),银行账号2=right(银行账号,8)
into ''+@tbname+'' from
opendatasource(''''MICROSOFT.JET.OLEDB.4.0''''
,''''Excel 5.0;HDR=YES;IMEX=2;DATABASE=c:\a.xls''''
)...[Sheet1$]''
exec(@sql)

--然后用bcp从全局临时表导出到文本文件
set @sql=''bcp "''+@tbname+''" out "c:\aa.txt" /S"(local)" /P"" /c''
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql

--删除临时表
exec(''drop table ''+@tbname)

/********************导整个数据库*********************************************/

用bcp实现的存储过程

/*
实现数据导入/导出的存储过程
根据不同的参数,可以实现导入/导出整个数据库/单个表
调用示例:
--导出调用示例
----导出单个表
exec file2table ''zj'','''','''',''xzkh_sa..地区资料'',''c:\zj.txt'',1
----导出整个数据库
exec file2table ''zj'','''','''',''xzkh_sa'',''C:\docman'',1

--导入调用示例
----导入单个表
exec file2table ''zj'','''','''',''xzkh_sa..地区资料'',''c:\zj.txt'',0
----导入整个数据库
exec file2table ''zj'','''','''',''xzkh_sa'',''C:\docman'',0

*/
if exists(select 1 from sysobjects where name=''File2Table'' and objectproperty(id,''IsProcedure'')=1)
drop procedure File2Table
go
create procedure File2Table
@servername varchar(200) --服务器名
,@username varchar(200) --用户名,如果用NT验证方式,则为空''''
,@password varchar(200) --密码
,@tbname varchar(500) --数据库.dbo.表名,如果不指定:.dbo.表名,则导出数据库的所有用户表
,@filename varchar(1000) --导入/导出路径/文件名,如果@tbname参数指明是导出整个数据库,则这个参数是文件存放路径,文件名自动用表名.txt
,@isout bit --1为导出,0为导入
as
declare @sql varchar(8000)

if @tbname like ''%.%.%'' --如果指定了表名,则直接导出单个表
begin
set @sql=''bcp ''+@tbname
+case when @isout=1 then '' out '' else '' in '' end
+'' "''+@filename+''" /w''
+'' /S ''+@servername
+case when isnull(@username,'''')='''' then '''' else '' /U ''+@username end
+'' /P ''+isnull(@password,'''')
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql
end
else
begin --导出整个数据库,定义游标,取出所有的用户表
declare @m_tbname varchar(250)
if right(@filename,1)<>''\'' set @filename=@filename+''\''

set @m_tbname=''declare #tb cursor for select name from ''+@tbname+''..sysobjects where xtype=''''U''''''
exec(@m_tbname)
open #tb
fetch next from #tb into @m_tbname
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
set @sql=''bcp ''+@tbname+''..''+@m_tbname
+case when @isout=1 then '' out '' else '' in '' end
+'' "''+@filename+@m_tbname+''.txt " /w''
+'' /S ''+@servername
+case when isnull(@username,'''')='''' then '''' else '' /U ''+@username end
+'' /P ''+isnull(@password,'''')
exec master..xp_cmdshell @sql
fetch next from #tb into @m_tbname
end
close #tb
deallocate #tb
end
go

/****** Oracle ********/
EXEC sp_addlinkedserver ''OracleSvr'',
''Oracle 7.3'',
''MSDAORA'',
''ORCLDB''
GO

delete from openquery(mailser,''select * from yulin'')

select * from openquery(mailser,''select * from yulin'')

update openquery(mailser,''select * from yulin where id=15'')set disorder=555,catago=888

insert into openquery(mailser,''select disorder,catago from yulin'')values(333,777)
对于用bcp导出,是没有字段名的.

用openrowset导入,除ACCESS及EXCEL外,均不支持非本机数据导入