MySql 安装

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一、二进制包安装
预编译二进制包是针对一些通用环境做的编译包，在大部分linux平台上都能直接安装。
相比yum和rpm安装，预编译二进制包安装的优势有：
1、 更灵活，可以自定义安装路径，不像yum/rpm那样，只能安装到固定路径下；
2、 一次安装，全部搞定，不像yum/rpm，要下载多个安装包
3、比源码安装要简单，安装速度较快

二进制安装文件存放:
把数据库程序文件安装在/usr/local/mysql下面  或是（/opt/mysql/mysql-xxx ）
下载地址：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/  或右建获取连接:
http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.22-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz   
或是通过sohu mirror去下载:
http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.22-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

1、解压缩安装包
# tar  xvf  /soft/mysql-5.6.22-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/

# cd /usr/local/
# ln -sv mysql-5.6.22-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/   mysql  --target在前


2、新建mysql用户、用户组，
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql mysql

3、创建配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf

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[client] port            = 3306 socket          = /tmp/mysql_3306.sock [mysql] prompt="\\u@\\h:\p  \\R:\\m:\\s [\\d]>" #tee=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/query.log no-auto-rehash [mysqld_multi] mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin log = /data/mysql/mysql_3306/mysqld_multi.log [mysqld] #misc user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3306 port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql_3306.sock event_scheduler = 0 #timeout interactive_timeout = 300 wait_timeout = 300 #character set character-set-server = utf8 open_files_limit = 65535 max_connections = 100 max_connect_errors = 100000 skip-name-resolve = 1 #logs log-output=file slow_query_log = 1 slow_query_log_file = slow.log log-error = error.log log_warnings = 2 pid-file = mysql.pid long_query_time = 1 #log-slow-admin-statements = 1 #log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1 log-slow-slave-statements = 1 #binlog binlog_format = row server-id = 883306 log-bin =mysql-bin binlog_cache_size = 4M max_binlog_size = 1G max_binlog_cache_size = 2G sync_binlog = 0 expire_logs_days = 10 #relay log skip_slave_start = 1 max_relay_log_size = 1G relay_log_purge = 1 relay_log_recovery = 1 log_slave_updates #slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true #buffers & cache table_open_cache = 2048 table_definition_cache = 2048 table_open_cache = 2048 max_heap_table_size = 96M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 256 query_cache_size = 0 query_cache_type = 0 query_cache_limit = 256K query_cache_min_res_unit = 512 thread_stack = 192K tmp_table_size = 96M key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M #myisam myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_max_sort_file_size = 100M myisam_repair_threads = 1 #innodb innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100M innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 64M innodb_log_file_size = 500M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_rollback_on_timeout innodb_status_file = 1 innodb_io_capacity = 2000 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT #端口号为3306的实例特殊配置 [mysqld3307] port =3307 server-id=883307 #指定本实例相应版本的basedir和datadir basedir= /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3307 socket          = /tmp/mysql_3307.sock #重新配置这几个选项，不与全局配置一样，会直接覆盖上面的全局设置 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m #transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ [mysqld3308] port=3308 server-id=883308 #binlog-do-db=database01 basedir= /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3308 socket          = /tmp/mysql_3308.sock #重新配置这几个选项，不与全局配置一样，会直接覆盖上面的全局设置 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 sync_binlog = 0 [mysqld3309] port=3309 server-id=883309 #binlog-do-db=database02 basedir= /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql/mysql_3309 socket = /tmp/mysql_3309.sock #重新配置这几个选项，不与全局配置一样，会直接覆盖上面的全局设置 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100m innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 sync_binlog = 0

4、创建数据目录并修改属主和属组
# mkdir /data/mysql/{mysql_3306,mysql_3307,mysql_3308,mysql_3309} -p
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data

5、初始化系统数据文件
# cd  /usr/local/mysql
# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/

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Installing MySQL system tables...OK Filling help tables...OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:   /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'   /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h pxc1.cninfo.com password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run:   /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with:   cd . ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe & You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl   cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems at http://bugs.mysql.com/ The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at   http://www.mysql.com Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com New default config file was created as ./my.cnf and will be used by default by the server when you start it. You may edit this file to change server settings WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system This file will be read by default by the MySQL server If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the --defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server

6.  添加环境变量
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin">>/etc/profile.d/mysql
source /etc/profile.d/mysql

7.  启动
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start  

或者

# mysqld_safe &

# ps -ef | grep mysqld

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root      13961      1  0 20:39 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306 --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/mysql.pid mysql     14899  13961  6 20:39 pts/1    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306 --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock --port=3306

mysqld 在进程属于mysql用户


8、上面的任何一种启动方式都可以用下面的任何一种方式关闭
# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
# mysqladmin shutdown