macos 安装mysql

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　　2.4.10 Installing MySQL on Mac OS X
-----------------------------------
　　You can install MySQL on Mac OS X 10.3.x (`Panther') or newer using a
Mac OS X binary package in PKG format instead of the binary tarball
distribution. Please note that older versions of Mac OS X (for example,
10.1.x or 10.2.x) are *not* supported by this package.
　　The package is located inside a disk image (`.dmg') file that you first
need to mount by double-clicking its icon in the Finder. It should then
mount the image and display its contents.
　　To obtain MySQL, see *Note getting-mysql::.
　　*Note*: Before proceeding with the installation, be sure to shut down
all running MySQL server instances by either using the MySQL Manager
Application (on Mac OS X Server) or via `mysqladmin shutdown' on the
command line.
　　To actually install the MySQL PKG file, double-click on the package
icon. This launches the Mac OS X Package Installer, which guides you
through the installation of MySQL.
　　Due to a bug in the Mac OS X package installer, you may see this error
message in the destination disk selection dialog:
　　You cannot install this software on this disk. (null)
　　If this error occurs, simply click the `Go Back' button once to return
to the previous screen. Then click `Continue' to advance to the
destination disk selection again, and you should be able to choose the
destination disk correctly. We have reported this bug to Apple and it is
investigating this problem.
　　The Mac OS X PKG of MySQL installs itself into
`/usr/local/mysql-VERSION' and also installs a symbolic link,
`/usr/local/mysql', that points to the new location. If a directory
named `/usr/local/mysql' exists, it is renamed to
`/usr/local/mysql.bak' first. Additionally, the installer creates the
grant tables in the `mysql' database by executing `mysql_install_db'.
　　The installation layout is similar to that of a `tar' file binary
distribution; all MySQL binaries are located in the directory
`/usr/local/mysql/bin'. The MySQL socket file is created as
`/tmp/mysql.sock' by default. See *Note installation-layouts::.
　　MySQL installation requires a Mac OS X user account named `mysql'. A
user account with this name should exist by default on Mac OS X 10.2
and up.
　　If you are running Mac OS X Server, a version of MySQL should already
be installed. The following table shows the versions of MySQL that ship
with Mac OS X Server versions.
　　*Mac OS X Server       *MySQL Version*
Version*               
10.2-10.2.2            3.23.51
10.2.3-10.2.6          3.23.53
10.3                   4.0.14
10.3.2                 4.0.16
10.4.0                 4.1.10a
　　This manual section covers the installation of the official MySQL Mac
OS X PKG only. Make sure to read Apple's help information about
installing MySQL: Run the `Help View' application, select `Mac OS X
Server' help, do a search for `MySQL,' and read the item entitled
`Installing MySQL.'
　　For preinstalled versions of MySQL on Mac OS X Server, note especially
that you should start `mysqld' with `safe_mysqld' instead of
`mysqld_safe' if MySQL is older than version 4.0.
　　If you previously used Marc Liyanage's MySQL packages for Mac OS X from
`http://www.entropy.ch', you can simply follow the update instructions
for packages using the binary installation layout as given on his pages.
　　If you are upgrading from Marc's 3.23.x versions or from the Mac OS X
Server version of MySQL to the official MySQL PKG, you also need to
convert the existing MySQL privilege tables to the current format,
because some new security privileges have been added. See *Note
mysql-upgrade::.
　　If you want MySQL to start automatically during system startup, you
also need to install the MySQL Startup Item. It is part of the Mac OS X
installation disk images as a separate installation package. Simply
double-click the `MySQLStartupItem.pkg' icon and follow the
instructions to install it. The Startup Item need be installed only
once. There is no need to install it each time you upgrade the MySQL
package later.
　　The Startup Item for MySQL is installed into
`/Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM'. (Before MySQL 4.1.2, the location was
`/Library/StartupItems/MySQL', but that collided with the MySQL Startup
Item installed by Mac OS X Server.) Startup Item installation adds a
variable `MYSQLCOM=-YES-' to the system configuration file
`/etc/hostconfig'. If you want to disable the automatic startup of
MySQL, simply change this variable to `MYSQLCOM=-NO-'.
　　On Mac OS X Server, the default MySQL installation bundled with the
operating system uses the variable `MYSQL' in the `/etc/hostconfig'
file. The Sun Microsystems, Inc. "Startup Item" installer disables
this variable by setting it to `MYSQL=-NO-'. This avoids boot time
conflicts with the `MYSQLCOM' variable used by the Sun Microsystems,
Inc. "Startup Item". However, it does not shut down a running MySQL
server. You should do that yourself.
　　After the installation, you can start up MySQL by running the following
commands in a terminal window. You must have administrator privileges
to perform this task.
　　If you have installed the Startup Item, use this command:
　　shell> sudo /Library/StartupItems/MySQLCOM/MySQLCOM start
     (ENTER YOUR PASSWORD, IF NECESSARY)
     (PRESS CONTROL-D OR ENTER "EXIT" TO EXIT THE SHELL)
　　If you don't use the Startup Item, enter the following command sequence:
　　shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
     shell> sudo ./bin/mysqld_safe
     (ENTER YOUR PASSWORD, IF NECESSARY)
     (PRESS CONTROL-Z)
     shell> bg
     (PRESS CONTROL-D OR ENTER "EXIT" TO EXIT THE SHELL)
　　You should be able to connect to the MySQL server, for example, by
running `/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql'.
　　*Note*: The accounts that are listed in the MySQL grant tables
initially have no passwords.  After starting the server, you should set
up passwords for them using the instructions in *Note
post-installation::.
　　You might want to add aliases to your shell's resource file to make it
easier to access commonly used programs such as `mysql' and
`mysqladmin' from the command line. The syntax for `bash' is:
　　alias mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
     alias mysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
　　For `tcsh', use:
　　alias mysql /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
     alias mysqladmin /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
　　Even better, add `/usr/local/mysql/bin' to your `PATH' environment
variable. You can do this by modifying the appropriate startup file for
your shell. For more information, see *Note invoking-programs::.
　　If you are upgrading an existing installation, note that installing a
new MySQL PKG does not remove the directory of an older installation.
Unfortunately, the Mac OS X Installer does not yet offer the
functionality required to properly upgrade previously installed
packages.
　　To use your existing databases with the new installation, you'll need
to copy the contents of the old data directory to the new data
directory. Make sure that neither the old server nor the new one is
running when you do this. After you have copied over the MySQL database
files from the previous installation and have successfully started the
new server, you should consider removing the old installation files to
save disk space. Additionally, you should also remove older versions of
the Package Receipt directories located in
`/Library/Receipts/mysql-VERSION.pkg'.