1、下载到Linux中
mariadb 二进制分发版(类似于windows上的下载解压后可直接运行的绿色软件)的文件名格式为 mariadb-VERSION-OS.tar.gz,其中 VERSION 是版本号,OS表示分发版安装的操作系统类型
可到官网下载:
https://downloads.mariadb.org
2、解压到指定目录,并为解压后的目录创建一个名为mysql的链接 tar xf mysql-5.5.42-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ cd /usr/local ln -s mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64 mysql 1
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| [iyunv@node1 ~]# tar -xf mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
[iyunv@node1 ~]# cd /usr/local
[iyunv@node1 local]# ls
apache apr apr-util bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64 sbin share src
[iyunv@node1 local]# ln -s mariadb-5.5.36-linux-x86_64/ mysql
[iyunv@node1 local]# cd mysql
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# ls
bin COPYING COPYING.LESSER data docs include INSTALL-BINARY lib man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# less INSTALL-BINARY #查看安装说明
...
The basic commands that you must execute to install and use a
MariaDB binary distribution are:
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -g mysql mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz | tar xvf -
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
Note
...
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3、添加mysql用户和mysql组
mariadb(mysql)是以系统用户mysql的身份运行的,因此这里首先创建一个系统用户mysql
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
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| [iyunv@node1 ~]# useradd -r mysql
[iyunv@node1 ~]# id mysql
uid=496(mysql) gid=493(mysql) groups=493(mysql)
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4、更改目录属主属组
chown -R root:mysql /usr/local/mysql (mysql目录的属主、属组分别设为root和mysql,注意,mysql目录下有个data目录,如果欲将其作为数据目录,其属主应修改为mysql)
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| [iyunv@node1 mysql]# ll
total 212
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 3 11:08 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 wittgenstein wittgenstein 17987 Feb 24 2014 COPYING
-rw-r--r-- 1 wittgenstein wittgenstein 26545 Feb 24 2014 COPYING.LESSER
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 3 11:08 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 3 11:08 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 3 11:08 include
-rw-r--r-- 1 wittgenstein wittgenstein 8694 Feb 24 2014 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 3 11:08 lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan 3 11:08 man
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 Jan 3 11:08 mysql-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 wittgenstein wittgenstein 108813 Feb 24 2014 README
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 3 11:08 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 27 root root 4096 Jan 3 11:08 share
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan 3 11:08 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan 3 11:08 support-files
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# chown -R root.mysql .
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# ll
total 212
drwxr-xr-x 2 root mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:08 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql 17987 Feb 24 2014 COPYING
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql 26545 Feb 24 2014 COPYING.LESSER
drwxr-xr-x 3 root mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:08 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:08 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 root mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:08 include
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql 8694 Feb 24 2014 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x 3 root mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:08 lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 root mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:08 man
drwxr-xr-x 11 root mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:08 mysql-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql 108813 Feb 24 2014 README
drwxr-xr-x 2 root mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:08 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 27 root mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:08 share
drwxr-xr-x 4 root mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:08 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x 4 root mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:08 support-files
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5、通常应将mariadb(mysql)数据存储于逻辑卷上,易于扩展
先创建两个分区/dev/sda3,4 创建pv: pvcreate /dev/sda{3,4} 创建vg: vgcreate myvg /dev/sda{3,4} 创建lv: lvcreate -L 20G -n mydata myvg 格式化: mke2fs -t ext4 -L MYDATA -b 4096 -m 3 /dev/myvg/mydata 修改/etc/fstab文件,使其能够自动挂载 LABEL=MYDATA(或UUID或/dev/mapper/myvg-lvdata) /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0 创建挂载点 mkdir /mydata mount -a 在/mydata下创建data目录,并修改其属主属组 mkdir /mydata/data chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data 这样,mariadb的数据目录就创建好了 1
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| [iyunv@node1 mysql]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000f3804
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1332 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1332 1593 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (1593-3916, default 1593):
Using default value 1593
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1593-3916, default 3916):
Using default value 3916
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (1593-3916, default 1593):
Using default value 1593
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1593-3916, default 3916): +10G
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-5): 5
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 5 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3916 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000f3804
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1332 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1332 1593 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 1593 3916 18666534 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1593 2898 10489417+ 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# partx -a /dev/sda
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 3
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 4
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 5
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# pvcreate /dev/sda5
Physical volume "/dev/sda5" successfully created
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# vgcreate myvg /dev/sda5
Volume group "myvg" successfully created
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# lvcreate -L 5G -n lvdata myvg
Logical volume "lvdata" created
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# lvremove /dev/myvg/lvdata
Do you really want to remove active logical volume lvdata? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "lvdata" successfully removed
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# lvcreate -L 5G -n mydata myvg
Logical volume "mydata" created
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# mke2fs -t ext4 -L MYDATA -b 4096 -m 3 /dev/myvg/mydata
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=MYDATA
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
39321 blocks (3.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 34 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/fstab
...
LABEL=MYDATA /mydata ext4 defaults 0 0
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# mkdir -p /mydata/data
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# mount -a
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# mount
/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
/dev/mapper/myvg-mydata on /mydata type ext4 (rw)
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /mydata/data
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# ls -ld /mydata/data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan 3 11:36 /mydata/data
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6、配置文件
mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak(若存在其它版本的配置文件,则将其屏蔽) cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf 1
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| [iyunv@node1 mysql]# ls support-files/ #support-files目录下存放着适用于各种内存大小的配置文件及服务脚本等
binary-configure config.medium.ini magic my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf my-medium.cnf mysqld_multi.server mysql.server SELinux
config.huge.ini config.small.ini my-huge.cnf my-large.cnf my-small.cnf mysql-log-rotate ndb-config-2-node.ini solaris
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
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7、修改数据目录 vim /etc/my.cnf 其中datadir = /mydata/data(你所指定的数据目录) 1
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| [iyunv@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
...
# The MariaDB server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 16M
datadir = /mydata/data #添加这一项
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8、初始化数据库 cd/usr/local/mysql
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql--datadir=/mydata/data/
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| [iyunv@node1 mysql]# ls scripts/
mysql_install_db
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data
Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in '/mydata/data' ...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MariaDB root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
'./bin/mysqladmin' -u root password 'new-password'
'./bin/mysqladmin' -u root -h node1 password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run:
'./bin/mysql_secure_installation'
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the MariaDB Knowledgebase at http://mariadb.com/kb or the
MySQL manual for more instructions.
You can start the MariaDB daemon with:
cd '.' ; ./bin/mysqld_safe --datadir='/mydata/data'
You can test the MariaDB daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd './mysql-test' ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems at http://mariadb.org/jira
The latest information about MariaDB is available at http://mariadb.org/.
You can find additional information about the MySQL part at:
http://dev.mysql.com
Support MariaDB development by buying support/new features from
SkySQL Ab. You can contact us about this at sales@skysql.com.
Alternatively consider joining our community based development effort:
http://mariadb.com/kb/en/contributing-to-the-mariadb-project/
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# ls /mydata/data/
aria_log.00000001 aria_log_control mysql mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.index performance_schema test
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9、服务脚本
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql (服务脚本)
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
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| [iyunv@node1 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# chkconfig mysql on
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# chkconfig --list mysql
mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
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10、启动mysqld服务,并查看3306端口是否已处于监听状态
service mysqld start
ss -tnl
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| [iyunv@node1 mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!
[iyunv@node1 mysql]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 :::58351 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:50903 *:*
LISTEN 0 10 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6011 :::*
LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:*
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11、设置PATH环境变量
vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
source/etc/profile
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| [iyunv@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
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12、导出帮助文件
vim /etc/man.config
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
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| [iyunv@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/man.config
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
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13、导出头文件
ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/usr/include/mysql
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| [iyunv@node1 mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql
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14、导出lib库
vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
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| [iyunv@node1 mysql]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib
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