配置MySQL数据库多实例

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一、什么是mysql多实例
    简单的说就是在一台机器上开启多个不同的服务端口（例如：3306、3307），运行多个mysql服务进程，这些服务进程通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务。
    这些mysql多实例共用一套mysql安装程序，使用不同（也可以相同）的my.cnf配置文件、启动程序、数据文件。在提供服务时，多实例mysql在逻辑上看来是各自独立的，多个实例是根据配置文件中配置的参数来获取服务器相关硬件资源。
二、mysql常见应用场景
    由于公司业务访问量不是很大，服务器的资源基本都是浪费的，这时候很适合使用多实例的应用，如果对SQL语句优化做的比较好，mysql多实例是一个很值得使用的技术，即使并发很大，合理分配系统资源，也不会有太大问题。
三、mysql多实例常见配置方案
3.1 安装mysql数据库
具体安装方法，请参见 编译方式安装MySQL数据库 。
3.2 配置多实例
3.2.1 创建多实例目录

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[iyunv@mysql-multi ~]# mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/data [iyunv@mysql-multi ~]# tree /data         /data   ├── 3306         │   └── data         └── 3307      └── data

3.2.2 将数据目录及临时目录授权mysql用户（在安装mysql之前已经创建mysql用户组和用户）

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[iyunv@mysql-multi ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data [iyunv@mysql-multi ~]# chmod -R 1777 /tmp [iyunv@mysql-multi ~]# ls -ld /data/{3306,3307}/data         drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 1月  18 22:40 /data/3306/data         drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 1月  18 22:40 /data/3307/data

3.2.3 创建配置文件my.cnf

3306端口

3307端口

[client] port            = 3306 socket          = /data/3306/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user    = mysql port    = 3306 socket  = /data/3306/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3306/data open_files_limit    = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3306/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.log pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 1 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3306/err_mysql_3306.err pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid

[client] port            = 3307 socket          = /data/3307/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user    = mysql port    = 3307 socket  = /data/3307/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3307/data open_files_limit    = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M #long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3307/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid #log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 3 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3307/err_mysql_3307.err pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid