MySQL主主互备结合keepalived实现高可用

9780j

试验环境：
master：192.168.1.210（CentOS6.5）
slave：192.168.1.211（CentOS6.5）
VIP：192.168.1.208

MySQL主主互备模式配置

step1：Master服务的/etc/my.cnf配置

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

[mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /var/lib/mysql port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock server_id = 1 log-bin = mysql-bin relay-log = mysql-relay-bin replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%   #指定不需要复制的库，mysql.%表示mysql库下的所有对象 replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%

step2：Slave服务的/etc/my.cnf配置

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

[mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /var/lib/mysql port = 3306 socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock server_id = 2 log-bin = mysql-bin relay-log = mysql-relay-bin replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.% replicate-wild-ignore-table=information_schema.%

step3：重启两台主从mysql服务

1 2 3 4 5 6

[iyunv@master ~]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  OK  ] Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ] [iyunv@slave ~]# service mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  OK  ] Starting MySQL.                                            [  OK  ]

step4：查看主从的log-bin日志状态
记录File和Position的值

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

[iyunv@master ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show master status' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 |      414 |              |                  |                   | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

[iyunv@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show master status' Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 |      414 |              |                  |                   | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

step5：创建主从同步replication用户

1、master

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'replication'; mysql> flush privileges; mysql> change master to     -> master_host='192.168.1.211',     -> master_user='replication',     -> master_password='replication',     -> master_port=3306,     -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',     -> master_log_pos=414; mysql> start slave;

2、slave

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.1.%' identified by 'replication'; mysql> flush privileges; mysql> change master to     -> master_host='192.168.1.210',     -> master_user='replication',     -> master_password='replication',     -> master_port=3306,     -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',     -> master_log_pos=414; mysql> start slave;

同步失败可能需要停止或重设slave

mysql> stop slave;

mysql> reset slave;


step6：分别在master和slave上查看slave状态，验证是否成功配置主主复制模式

1、master


2、slave


slave状态同步过程可能需要重启MySQL服务

[iyunv@master ~]# service mysqld restart
[iyunv@slave ~]# service mysqld restart


step7：验证，在master上创建test1数据库，slave上查看是否同步
1、master上创建test1数据库

1	[iyunv@master ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'create database test1'

2、slave上查看是否同步创建test1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

[iyunv@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -ppasswd -e 'show databases' +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | test1              | +--------------------+

安装和配置keepalived实现MySQL双主高可用
step1：安装keepalived
方法一：使用yum安装keepalived，需要安装epel-release源

[iyunv@master ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.opencas.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
[iyunv@slave ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.opencas.cn/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

[iyunv@slave ~]# yum -y install keepalived

查看keepalived相关目录

1 2 3 4 5 6

[iyunv@slave ~]# ls /usr/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/keepalived [iyunv@slave ~]# ls /etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived [iyunv@slave ~]# ls /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

方法二：从keepalived官方网站http://www.keepalived.org下载源代码包编译安装

1、下载keepalived最新版

[iyunv@master ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz

[iyunv@slave ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz
2、安装keepalived依赖软件包

[iyunv@master ~]# yum install  pcre-devel openssl-devel popt-devel libnl-devel
3、解压并安装keepalived

1 2 3 4 5

[iyunv@master ~]# tar zxf keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz [iyunv@master ~]# cd keepalived-1.2.19 [iyunv@master keepalived-1.2.19]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --sysconf=/etc --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64

1 2	[iyunv@master keepalived-1.2.19]# make [iyunv@master keepalived-1.2.19]# make install

查看keepalived相关的文件

1 2 3 4

[iyunv@master keepalived-1.2.19]# ls /etc/keepalived/ keepalived.conf  samples [iyunv@master keepalived-1.2.19]# ls /etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived

链接/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived到/sbin/目录

1	[iyunv@master keepalived-1.2.19]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /sbin/

设置keepalived启动级别

1 2	[iyunv@master keepalived-1.2.19]# chkconfig --add keepalived [iyunv@master keepalived-1.2.19]# chkconfig --level 35 keepalived on

step2：配置keepalived
1、Master的keepalived.conf配置文件

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49

! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs {    notification_email {      root@huangmingming.cn      741616710@qq.com    }    notification_email_from keepalived@localhost      smtp_server 127.0.0.1    smtp_connect_timeout 30    router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance HA_1 {     state BACKUP                #master和slave都配置为BACKUP     interface eth0              #指定HA检测的网络接口     virtual_router_id 80        #虚拟路由标识，主备相同     priority 100                #定义优先级，slave设置90     advert_int 2                #设定master和slave之间同步检查的时间间隔     nopreempt                   #不抢占模式。只在优先级高的机器上设置即可     authentication {         auth_type PASS         auth_pass 1111     }     virtual_ipaddress {                 #设置虚拟IP，可以设置多个，每行一个         192.168.1.208/24 dev eth0       #MySQL对外服务的IP，即VIP     } } virtual_server 192.168.1.208 3306 {     delay_loop 2     lb_algo rr     lb_kinf DR     persistence_timeout 50     protocol TCP     real_server 192.168.1.210 3306 {    #监听本机的IP         weight 3         notify_down /usr/local/keepalived/bin/mysql.sh         TCP_CHECK {         connect_timeout 8         nb_get_retry 3         delay_before_retry 3         connect_port 3306         }     } }

keepalived检测脚本，当其中一台MySQL服务出现故障down掉时，实现自动切换到正常的MySQL服务器继续提供服务

1 2 3

[iyunv@master ~]# vim /usr/local/keepalived/bin/mysql.sh #!/bin/bash pkill keepalived

2、Slave的keepalived.conf配置文件

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs {    notification_email {      root@huangmingming.cn      741616710@qq.com    }    notification_email_from keepalived@localhost    smtp_server 127.0.0.1    smtp_connect_timeout 30    router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance HA_1 {     state BACKUP                #master和slave都配置为BACKUP     interface eth0              #指定HA检测的网络接口     virtual_router_id 80        #虚拟路由标识，主备相同     priority 90                #定义优先级，slave设置90     advert_int 2                #设定master和slave之间同步检查的时间间隔     authentication {         auth_type PASS         auth_pass 1111     }     virtual_ipaddress {                 #设置虚拟IP，可以设置多个，每行一个         192.168.1.208/24 dev eth0       #MySQL对外服务的IP，即VIP     } } virtual_server 192.168.1.208 3306 {     delay_loop 2     lb_algo rr     lb_kinf DR     persistence_timeout 50     protocol TCP     real_server 192.168.1.211 3306 {    #监听本机的IP         weight 3         notify_down /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql.sh         TCP_CHECK {         connect_timeout 8         nb_get_retry 3         delay_before_retry 3         connect_port 3306         }     } }

step3：授权VIP的root用户权限

授权远程主机可以通过VIP登录MySQL，并测试数据复制功能

1 2	mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.1.208' identified by '741616710'; mysql> flush privileges;

step4：测试keepalived高可用功能
1、远程主机登录通过VIP192.168.1.208登录MySQL，查看MySQL连接状态

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

mysql> show variables like 'hostname%'; +---------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value  | +---------------+--------+ | hostname      | master | +---------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

从上面查看的结果看样看出在正常情况下连接的是master


2、故障测试，停止master的MySQL服务，再次查看是否转移至slave服务器上

1 2	[iyunv@master ~]# service mysqld stop Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS!

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

mysql> show variables like 'hostname%'; ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query mysql> show variables like 'hostname%'; ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away No connection. Trying to reconnect... Connection id:    1268 Current database: *** NONE *** +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | hostname      | slave | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec)

由测试结果可以看出，keepalived成功转移MySQL服务