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rsyslog是一个用来管理系统日志的开源程序，是早前syslog的升级版，对原有的日志系统进行了功能的扩展。 rsyslog守护进程可以被配置成两种环境，一种是配置成日志收集服务器，rsyslog进程可以从网络中收集其它主机上的日志数据，这些主机会将日志配置为发送到另外的远程服务器。另外就是可以配置为客户端，用来过滤和发送内部日志数据到本地文件夹（如/var/log）或一台远程rsyslog服务器上。
一、rsyslog特性
多线程
支持通过TCP,SSL,TLS,RELP协议实现日志数据的可靠传输
支持输出日志到MySQL, PGSQL, Oracle等多种关系型数据中
强大的过滤器，可实现过滤系统信息中的任意部分
自定义输出格式
适用于企业级别日志记录需求
二、rsyslog配置
rsyslog的主配置文件：/etc/rsyslog.conf
1、定义过滤和输出规则的格式为：
facility.priority Target
⑴facility：设施，产生日志消息的子系统，从功能或程序上分类
可选值：auth，authpriv，cron，daemon，ftp，kern，lpr，mail，mark，news，security，syslog，user，uucp，local0~local7
指定设施时可以使用通配符：
*：所有
f1,f2,f3,...：列表
!：取反
⑵priority：日志级别
从低到高依次为：debug(7)，info(6)，notice(5)，warning(4)，err(3)，crit(2)，alert(1)，emerg(0)
通配符：
*：所有级别
none：没有任何级别
示例：
mail.info：info级别及比info级别更高级别的日志消息都会被记录
mail.=info：仅记录info级别
mail.!info：除了info级别的都会被记录
*.info：所有facility的info（及以上）级别
mail.*：mail的所有级别
mail.notice;news.info：
mail,news.info：mail和news的info（及以上）级别
⑶Target：
文件路径：例如/var/log/messages
系统日志是比较重要的信息，一般是同步写入磁盘，但这样也会影响性能，路径前若带有“-”则表示异步写入
用户：*，当前系统上所有已登录的用户
日志服务器：@SERVER_IP
管道：| COMMAND
2、启用日志服务器功能
# Provides UDP syslog reception $ModLoad imudp $UDPServerRun 514
# Provides TCP syslog reception $ModLoad imtcp $InputTCPServerRun 514 3、日志消息的格式 时间 主机 进程（PID）： 事件
配置日志服务器示例： 1
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| [iyunv@node2 ~]# rpm -q rsyslog #linux系统上默认已安装rsyslog
rsyslog-5.8.10-10.el6_6.x86_64
[iyunv@node2 ~]# rpm -ql rsyslog
/etc/logrotate.d/syslog
/etc/pki/rsyslog
/etc/rc.d/init.d/rsyslog #服务脚本
/etc/rsyslog.conf #主配置文件
/etc/rsyslog.d
/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
/lib64/rsyslog
...
[iyunv@node2 ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
...
#### MODULES ####
$ModLoad imuxsock # provides support for local system logging (e.g. via logger command)
$ModLoad imklog # provides kernel logging support (previously done by rklogd)
#$ModLoad immark # provides --MARK-- message capability
# Provides UDP syslog reception
$ModLoad imudp #启用imudp和imtcp模块，并监听514端口
$UDPServerRun 514
# Provides TCP syslog reception
$ModLoad imtcp
$InputTCPServerRun 514
...
...
#### RULES ####
# Log all kernel messages to the console.
# Logging much else clutters up the screen.
#kern.* /dev/console
# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none /var/log/messages
# The authpriv file has restricted access.
authpriv.* /var/log/secure
# Log all the mail messages in one place.
mail.* -/var/log/maillog #前面的“-”表示异步写入磁盘
# Log cron stuff
cron.* /var/log/cron
# Everybody gets emergency messages
*.emerg *
# Save news errors of level crit and higher in a special file.
uucp,news.crit /var/log/spooler
# Save boot messages also to boot.log
local7.* /var/log/boot.lo
...
[iyunv@node2 ~]# service rsyslog restart #重启rsyslog服务
Shutting down system logger: [ OK ]
Starting system logger: [ OK ]
[iyunv@node2 ~]# netstat -tuanp | grep 'rsyslogd'
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:514 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5063/rsyslogd
tcp 0 0 :::514 :::* LISTEN 5063/rsyslogd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:514 0.0.0.0:* 5063/rsyslogd
udp 0 0 :::514 :::* 5063/rsyslogd
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| [iyunv@node3 ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf #在另一台客户机上将target指向日志服务器地址
...
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none @192.168.30.20
...
[iyunv@node3 ~]# service rsyslog restart
Shutting down system logger: [ OK ]
Starting system logger: [ OK ]
[iyunv@node3 ~]# yum -y install tree #测试：执行一个安装操作
...
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| [iyunv@node2 ~]# tail /var/log/messages #在日志服务器上已能看到对应的日志信息
...
Feb 20 23:56:06 node3 kernel: imklog 5.8.10, log source = /proc/kmsg started.
Feb 20 23:56:06 node3 rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.10" x-pid="5442" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start
Feb 20 23:56:19 node3 yum[5447]: Installed: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64
|
4、rsyslog支持将日志存储于MySQL服务器中：
①安装rsyslog-mysql包；
②创建rsyslog依赖的数据库：
# mysql < /usr/share/doc/rsyslog-5.8.10/createDB.sql
③启用相关模块
在#### Modules #####段启用模块：
$ModLoad ommysql
在####rules####段中定义记录日志信息于数据库中
facility.priority :ommysql:SERVER_IP,DATABASE,USERNAME,PASSWORD
④重启rsyslog服务
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| [iyunv@node2 ~]# yum -y install rsyslog-mysql
...
[iyunv@node2 ~]# rpm -ql rsyslog-mysql
/lib64/rsyslog/ommysql.so
/usr/share/doc/rsyslog-mysql-5.8.10
/usr/share/doc/rsyslog-mysql-5.8.10/createDB.sql
[iyunv@node2 ~]# mysql < /usr/share/doc/rsyslog-mysql-5.8.10/createDB.sql
[iyunv@node2 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.36-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| Syslog |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| vsftpd |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.26 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use Syslog
Database changed
MariaDB [Syslog]> show tables;
+------------------------+
| Tables_in_Syslog |
+------------------------+
| SystemEvents |
| SystemEventsProperties |
+------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [Syslog]> grant all on Syslog.* to loguser@127.0.0.1 identified by 'logpass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)
MariaDB [Syslog]> grant all on Syslog.* to loguser@localhost identified by 'logpass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [Syslog]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
MariaDB [Syslog]> exit
[iyunv@node2 ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
...
#### MODULES ####
...
$ModLoad ommysql
...
#### RULES ####
...
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none :ommysql:127.0.0.1,Syslog,loguser,logpass
...
[iyunv@node2 ~]# service rsyslog restart
Shutting down system logger: [ OK ]
Starting system logger: [ OK ]
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| [iyunv@node3 ~]# yum -y remove tree #测试：执行一个卸载操作
...
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| [iyunv@node2 ~]# mysql
...
MariaDB [(none)]> use Syslog
Database changed
MariaDB [Syslog]> select * from SystemEvents\G #日志信息已记录至mysql中
...
*************************** 3. row ***************************
ID: 3
CustomerID: NULL
ReceivedAt: 2016-02-19 01:29:14
DeviceReportedTime: 2016-02-21 00:59:50
Facility: 1
Priority: 6
FromHost: node3
Message: Erased: tree
NTSeverity: NULL
...
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5、loganalyzer：一款通过webGUI展示日志信息的工具
# yum -y install httpd php php-mysql php-gd
# tar xf loganalyzer-3.6.5.tar.gz
# mkdir /var/www/html/loganalyzer
# cp -r loganalyzer-3.6.5/src/* /var/www/html/loganalyzer/
# cp -r loganalyzer-3.6.5/contrib/* /var/www/html/loganalyzer/
# cd /var/www/html/loganalyzer/
# chmod +x configure.sh secure.sh
# ./configure.sh
# ./secure.sh
# chmod 666 config.php
# chown -R apache.apache ./* #编译安装的httpd其服务进程是以daemon用户的身份运行的
访问：http://SERVER_IP/loganalyzer/
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| [iyunv@node2 ~]# tar xf loganalyzer-3.6.5.tar.gz
[iyunv@node2 ~]# ls loganalyzer-3.6.5
ChangeLog contrib COPYING doc INSTALL src
[iyunv@node2 ~]# less loganalyzer-3.6.5/INSTALL
...
Installation in Detail
----------------------
1. Upload all files from the loganalyzer/src/ folder to you webserver.
The other files are not needed on the webserver.
2. If your webserver has write access to the LogAnalyzer folder,
you can skip the following step:
Upload the scripts configure.sh and secure.sh from the
contrib folder to your webserver, into the same folder
where you uploaded the other LogAnalyzer files into. Then set
the execution flag to them (chmod +x configure.sh secure.sh).
Now run ./configure.sh, this will create a blank config.php,
and will also set write access to everyone to it.
You can of course do this manually if you want.
...
[iyunv@node2 ~]# mkdir /web/htdocs/loganalyzer #本例中web服务器的站点根目录为/web/htdocs
[iyunv@node2 ~]# cp -r loganalyzer-3.6.5/src/* /web/htdocs/loganalyzer/
[iyunv@node2 ~]# cp -r loganalyzer-3.6.5/contrib/* /web/htdocs/loganalyzer/
[iyunv@node2 ~]# cd /web/htdocs/loganalyzer/
[iyunv@node2 htdocs]# ls
admin chartgenerator.php convert.php details.php favicon.ico index.php lang reports.php statistics.php userchange.php
asktheoracle.php classes cron doc images install.php login.php search.php templates
BitstreamVeraFonts configure.sh css export.php include js reportgenerator.php secure.sh themes
[iyunv@node2 htdocs]# chmod +x configure.sh secure.sh
[iyunv@node2 htdocs]# ./configure.sh
[iyunv@node2 htdocs]# ./secure.sh
[iyunv@node2 htdocs]## ls #执行以上两个脚本后会生成文件config.php
admin chartgenerator.php configure.sh css export.php include js reportgenerator.php secure.sh themes
asktheoracle.php classes convert.php details.php favicon.ico index.php lang reports.php statistics.php userchange.php
BitstreamVeraFonts config.php cron doc images install.php login.php search.php templates
[iyunv@node2 htdocs]# chmod 666 config.php
[iyunv@node2 htdocs]# chown -R daemon.daemon ./* #本例中的httpd是编译安装的，其服务进程以daemon用户身份运行
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