Linux VPS新硬盘分区与挂载教程

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Linux VPS新硬盘分区与挂载教程
通过此教程对未启用的硬盘进行分区并挂载，可以确保通过DiyVM面板重装系统是不丢失挂载分区的数据！
 
先通过fdisk -l查看目前磁盘分区状况
 [iyunv@MyVPS ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/xvda: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/xvda2 14 1044 8281507+ 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/xvdb: 23.6 GB, 23622320128 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2871 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
 我们可以看到/dev/xvdb容量有23.6G，而且没有分区，接下来我们对它进行分区和挂载
 
# fdisk /dev/xvdb
 [iyunv@MyVPS ~]# fdisk /dev/xvdb
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2871.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

输入n新建分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
 
--------------------------------------------------
  选择分区类型 
 
    这里有两个选项： 
   p: 主分区 linux上主分区最多能有4个 
   e: 扩展分区 linux上扩展分区只能有1个，扩展分区创建后不能直接使用，还要在扩展分区上创建逻辑分区。 
这里我选择的p。
--------------------------------------------------
/dev/xvdb中第1个分区
--------------------------------------------------
选择分区个数 

可以选择4个分区，这里我只分成1个分区 
--------------------------------------------------
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2871, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2871, default 2871):
Using default value 2871

输入W保存退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
通过上述步骤我们已将/dev/xvdb分区完成，下面我们对分区格式化并进行挂载
将新分区xvdb1(此名称因系统而异)格式化为ext3格式
 
# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/xvdb1
[iyunv@MyVPS ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/xvdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
2883584 inodes, 5765319 blocks
288265 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
176 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
将新分区xvdb1挂载，我们示例挂载到/www目录。新建目录/www，然后挂载：
# mkdir /www   /*建立www目录*/
# mount /dev/xvdb1 /www    /*挂载到www目录*/
完成后我们通过df -hal可以看到，新分区已经挂载到目录/www上了
 
[iyunv@MyVPS ~]# df -hal
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
5.7G 1.4G 4.1G 25% /
proc 0 0 0 - /proc
sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys
devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts
/dev/xvda1 99M 28M 67M 30% /boot
tmpfs 256M 0 256M 0% /dev/shm
none 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
sunrpc 0 0 0 - /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs
/dev/xvdb1 22G 173M 21G 1% /www

然后编辑/etc/fstab使分区在开机时自动挂载到www
# echo "/dev/xvdb1 /www ext3 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab