nginx+tomcat 负载均衡

435421 · 发表于 2016-4-25 09:09:58

Tomcat+Nginx负载均衡服务器构建
======================================================================
Tomcat服务器是一个免费的开源代码的Web应用服务器，属于轻量级的
网站应用服务器，应用在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下。
它和Aapache或nginx这些web服务器是一样的。都能处理html页面。由于
tomcat处理html的能力远不及Aapache或nginx,所以通常是作为一个servlet
和JSP容器使用。
----------------------------------------------------------------------
案例环境
服务器名称：tomcat服务器
操作系统：  centos 6.5 x86_64
服务器IP：  192.168.200.111
所需软件：  1、apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz 2、jdk-7u65-linux-x64.tar.gz
=======================================================================
1、试验准备
1）关闭防火墙，selinux机制。
[iyunv@localhost xue]# iptables -F
[iyunv@localhost xue]# service iptables stop
iptables：将链设置为政策 ACCEPT：filter                   [确定]
iptables：清除防火墙规则：                               [确定]
iptables：正在卸载模块：                                  [确定]
[iyunv@localhost xue]# chkconfig iptables off
[iyunv@localhost xue]# setenforce 0
2）在安装tomcat之前，先安装JDK(Java Development Kit)
[iyunv@tomcat1 xue]# tar xf jdk-7u65-linux-x64.tar.gz
[iyunv@tomcat1 xue]# mv jdk1.7.0_65/ /usr/local/java
[iyunv@tomcat1 xue]# vi /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export  JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java  //设置Java根目录
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin //在PATH环境变量中添加JAVA根目录下的子目录
------------------------------------------
[iyunv@tomcat1 xue]# source  /etc/profile.d/java.sh
[iyunv@tomcat1 xue]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_45"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (rhel-2.4.3.3.el6-x86_64 u45-b15)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.45-b08, mixed mode)
3）安装配置tomcat
[iyunv@tomcat1 xue]# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz
[iyunv@tomcat1 xue]# mv apache-tomcat-7.0.54 /usr/local/tomcat7
[iyunv@tomcat1 xue]# /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat7
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat7/temp
Using JRE_HOME:       /usr/local/java
Using CLASSPATH:    /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat7/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
tomcat 默认运行在8080端口。
[iyunv@tomcat1 xue]# netstat -anpt |grep 8080
tcp       0    0 :::8080                   :::*                      LISTEN    3060/java
随后，我们可以打开浏览器测试: http://192.168.200.111:8080/
如果关闭tomcat的话.可以执行下面命令：
[iyunv@tomcat1 xue]# /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/shutdown.sh
=================================================================
4)、建立java的web站点
4.1 首先创建网站发布路径
[iyunv@tomcat1 ~]# mkdir -pv /web/webapp1
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web"
mkdir: 已创建目录 "/web/webapp1"
4.2 在/web/webapp1下建立测试页index.jsp
[iyunv@tomcat1 ~]# vi /web/webapp1/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test1 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("Welcom to test site,http://www.test1.com");%>
</body>
</html>
-------------------------------------------------------------
4.3修改tomcat的server.xml文件（定义一个虚拟主机）
[iyunv@tomcat1 ~]# vi /usr/local/tomcat7/conf/server.xml
         <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
      <Context docBase="/web/webapp1" path="" reloadable="false">
      </Context>
注释：
docBase： web应用的文档基准目录
reloadable：设置监视类是否变化。
4.4：重启tomcat.
[iyunv@tomcat1 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/shutdown.sh
[iyunv@tomcat1 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat7/bin/startup.sh
4.5: 测试http://192.168.200.111:8080/
出现"Welcom to test site,http://www.test1.com "表示成功。
=======================================================
案例： Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡集群
=================================
案例环境
服务器名称：tomcat服务器1
操作系统：  centos 6.5 x86_64
服务器IP：  192.168.200.111
所需软件：  1、apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz 2、jdk-7u65-linux-x64.tar.gz
服务器名称：tomcat服务器2
操作系统：  centos 6.5 x86_64
服务器IP：  192.168.200.112
所需软件：  1、apache-tomcat-7.0.54.tar.gz 2、jdk-7u65-linux-x64.tar.gz
服务器名称：Nginx服务器
操作系统：  centos 6.5 x86_64
服务器IP：  192.168.200.113
所需软件：  nginx-1.6.0.tar.gz
=======================================================================
参照tomcat1来搭建tomcat2
唯一不同之处：
[iyunv@tomcat2 ~]# vi /web/webapp1/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP test2 page</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("Welcom to test site,http://www.test2.com");%>
</body>
</html>
============================================================================
1）Nginx服务器配置
1.1 关闭Linux iptables防火墙及selinux
同上
1.2 安装nginx相关软件包
[iyunv@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
[iyunv@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make
1.3 解压并安装nginx
[iyunv@localhost nginx-1.6.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www ---group=www --with-file-aio --with-
http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_ssl_module && make && make
install
1.4 配置nginx.conf
[iyunv@localhost nginx-1.6.0]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[iyunv@localhost conf]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
[iyunv@localhost conf]# vi nginx.conf
[iyunv@localhost conf]# cat nginx.conf
user  www www;
worker_processes  1;
error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
pid       logs/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
include    mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;
log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log  logs/access.log  main;
sendfile       on;
#tcp_nopush    on;
#keepalive_timeout  0;
keepalive_timeout  65;
#gzip  on;
upstream tomcat_server {
server 192.168.200.111:8080 weight=1;
server 192.168.200.112:8080 weight=1;
}
server {
      listen    80;
      server_name  localhost;
      charset utf-8;
      #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
      location / {
         root html;
         index  index.html index.htm;
      proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
      }
      #error_page  404             /404.html;
      # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
      #
      error_page 500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
      location = /50x.html {
         root html;
      }
      # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
      #
      #location ~ \.php$ {
      # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
      #}
      # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
      #
      #location ~ \.php$ {
      # root          html;
      # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
      # fastcgi_index  index.php;
      # fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
      # include       fastcgi_params;
      #}
      # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
      # concurs with nginx's one
      #
      #location ~ /\.ht {
      # deny  all;
      #}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen    8000;
# listen    somename:8080;
# server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
# location / {
#       root html;
#       index  index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen    443 ssl;
# server_name  localhost;
# ssl_certificate    cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout  5m;
# ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
# location / {
#       root html;
#       index  index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
-------------------------------------------------------------
1.5 测试nginx配置文件是否正常：
[iyunv@localhost conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
1.6 启动nginx服务器
[iyunv@localhost conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[iyunv@localhost conf]# ps aux|grep nginx
root    5118  0.0  0.1  45000  1140 ?       Ss 22:38 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
www    5119  0.0  0.1  45452  1736 ?       S 22:38 0:00 nginx: worker process

root    5122  0.0  0.0 103248 880 pts/0 S+ 22:38 0:00 grep nginx
[iyunv@localhost conf]# netstat -anpt |grep nginx
tcp       0    0 0.0.0.0:80                0.0.0.0:*                LISTEN    5118/nginx
2）测试负载均衡器的效果
http://192.168.200.113/
======================================================
nginx日志分割脚本：
===================
[iyunv@localhost nginx]# cat logs/nginx.pid
5118
[iyunv@localhost nginx]# kill -QUIT 5118
-QUIT ：关闭进程
-HUP : 重载服务，平滑重启
-USR1：日志切换，（通过结合crontab，每天生成一个新的日志）
-USR2: 平滑升级可执行程序
=[iyunv@localhost ~]# cat /opt/fenge-nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
#fenge nginx logs
savepath_log='/home/nginx/logs'
nglogs='/usr/local/nginx/logs'
[ -d $savepath_log ] || mkdir -p $savepath_log
[ -d $savepath_log/$(date +%Y)/$(date +%m) ] || mkdir -p  $savepath_log/$(date +%Y)/$(date +%m)
mv $nglogs/access.log $savepath_log/$(date +%Y)/$(date +%m)/access.$(date +%Y%m%d).log
mv $nglogs/error.log $savepath_log/$(date +%Y)/$(date +%m)/error.$(date +%Y%m%d).log
kill -USR1 $(cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[iyunv@localhost ~]# chmod +x /opt/fenge-nginx.sh
[iyunv@localhost ~]# /opt/fenge-nginx.sh
[iyunv@localhost ~]# tree /home/nginx/
/home/nginx/
└── logs
└── 2014
      └── 12
         ├── access.20141220.log
         └── error.20141220.log
3 directories, 2 files
-----------------------------------------------------
[iyunv@localhost ~]# crontab  -l
0 0 * * * /opt/fenge-nginx.sh

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