升级Zabbix2.4到Zabbix3.0.2

1232121

一 应用场景描述
Zabbix在2016年2月份发布了Zabbix 3.0.0,又是一个LTS长期支持版本。Zabbix官方在4月份发布了Zabbix 3.0.2.线上使用的Zabbix版本是2.4，看了Zabbix官方关于3.0版本的描述决定升级线上版本到3.0.2.Zabbix3.0在以下几个方面作了改进：
重新设计了Zabbix的前端展示页面,如下



提供Zabbix server，proxy和agent之间的加密和认证功能，基于PSK加密算法。如果对安全性要求高的用户就不再需要第三方工具或者VPN来实现加密了

  增加趋势预估功能  
可以在特定时间执行一些监控项目
可以定义报警类别之间的依赖关系
强制执行housekeeper
性能得到改进
  减小了poller配置缓存，优化了history缓存和history同步
  通过引入in-memory缓存机制明显改善了action处理过程的性能
  使用哈希机制改善trigger处理性能
  限制数据库请求来提供nodata()函数的计算过程
  之前的版本中，zabbix proxy连接到server端时，proxy相关的信息是直接从数据库获取的，在3.0版本，proxy相关的信息从server端配置的缓存中获取。另一方面，proxy配置更改不会立即生效，它必须等到server端缓存同步到数据库。
Value缓存得到改善

其他详细的信息可以参见官方文档


二 升级步骤

Zabbix agent不强制升级到3.0.2，但是官方建议升级。Zabbix server和proxy必须升级到同一个版本。

为了在升级过程中尽量减少宕机时间和数据丢失，建议先停掉并升级Zabbix server，然后再一个接一个地停掉并升级proxy。当所有的proxy升级过后，再启动zabbix server。

Zabbix3.0以后需要PHP5.4以后，PHP5.7暂时不支持
其他相关的依赖软件查看官方文档
rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/ ... latest-6.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh http://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm
yum  -y install php54w  php54w-gd php54w-bcmath php54w-ctype php54w-libxml php54w-mbstring php54w-gettext php54w-ldap php54w-mysqli


PHP在配置的时候有几个参数需要改
post_max_size = 128M     最小值是16M
max_execution_time = 600   最小值是300秒
max_input_time = 600     最小值是300秒
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai   需要设置时区




数据库容量规划

Zabbix数据库大小主要取决于以下几个变量，这几个变量定义了存储的历史数据的总量
NVPS Number of processed values per second
这个值是每秒Zabbix server接收的新值的平均数。例如，如果每隔60秒有3000个监控项目需要监控，那么NVPS就是3000/60=50.意味着每秒有50个新值添加到zabbix数据库

Housekeeper settings for history
Zabbix会保留监控数据一段时间，通常是几周或者几个月。每个新的监控数据都需要一些磁盘空间来存储数据和索引。所以，如果我们保留30天的历史数据并且每秒中接收50个新值，监控数值总量就是
(30*24*3600)*50 = 129600000或者大约130M
依据使用的数据库引擎，接收值得类型(floats,integers,strings,log files等等)，单个值占用的磁盘空间可能是40字节到几百字节。通常一个字符类型监控项目大约是90字节。130M个监控值需要130M*90字节=10.9GB字节磁盘空间
text和log监控项目的值无法准确预测，可以假定为每个监控值大小为500字节



Housekeeper settings for trends
Zabbix在trends表中为每个监控项目保留一个小时的 max/min/avg/count监控值。这些数据用于趋势统计和长期的图表分析。一个小时的间隔时间没法自定义更改。
每个趋势数据大约为90字节。假设要保留5年的趋势数据，那么3000个监控项目每年需要24*365*3000*90=2.2GB，5年就是11GB。


Housekeeper settings for events
每个Zabbix event需要大约170字节磁盘空间。很难估计zabbix每天产生的events数量。最坏的情况下，假定zabbix每秒产生一个event
如果要保留3年的events，就需要3*365*24*3600*170=15GB

Parameter	Formula for required disk space (in bytes)
Zabbix configuration	Fixed size. Normally 10MB or less.
History	days*(items/refresh rate)*24*3600*bytes items : number of items days : number of days to keep history refresh rate : average refresh rate of items bytes : number of bytes required to keep single value, depends on database engine, normally ~90 bytes.
Trends	days*(items/3600)*24*3600*bytes items : number of items days : number of days to keep history bytes : number of bytes required to keep single trend, depends on database engine, normally ~90 bytes.
Events	days*events*24*3600*bytes events : number of event per second. One (1) event per second in worst case scenario. days : number of days to keep history bytes : number of bytes required to keep single trend, depends on database engine, normally ~170 bytes.

总共的磁盘空间大小就是：
Configuration + History + Trends + Events


1.停掉Zabbix server
停掉zabbix server不让新的数据插入到数据库

service zabbix-server  stop

2.备份zabbix数据库
mysqldump -uroot -p zabbix > zabbix_backup20160508.sql

3.备份配置文件，PHP文件和zabbix 二进制文件
4.安装新的zabbix server

5.检查zabbix server的配置文件
主要注意几个参数

CacheSize=200M        配置信息的缓存大小，用于存储host，item和trigger数据的共享内存大小。取值范围是128k~8G，默认是8M
CacheUpdateFrequency=60            zabbix执行配置缓存更新的时间间隔，默认是60秒
DebugLevel=3          指定日志级别，默认是3打印警告信息，4是调试信息，5是更加详细的调试信息      
HistoryCacheSize=50M    用于存储历史数据的共享存储大小，默认是16M，可以取值范围是128K~2G
HistoryIndexCacheSize=8M  用于索引历史数据缓存中的历史数据的共享存储大小，缓存一个监控项目大约需要100字节。这个参数从3.0.0开始支持

HousekeepingFrequency=1  设置zabbix执行housekeeping的频率，默认是1小时。housekeeping操作时删除数据库中过期的数据。可以设置HousekeepingFrequency为0关闭自动housekeeping，然后手动执行housekeeper_execute来清理过期数据

MaxHousekeeperDelete=5000 在一个housekeeping任务中删除的过期数据数量不超过这个值

TrendCacheSize=20M       存储trend数据的共享内存大小
ValueCacheSize=10M       缓存监控数据的历史数据的共享内存大小。


6.启动新的zabbix server并注意查看日志


zabbix server会自动升级数据库

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106

23164:20160508:105436.724 using configuration file: /opt/app/zabbix/conf/zabbix_server.conf 23164:20160508:105436.734 current database version (mandatory/optional): 02040000/02040000 23164:20160508:105436.734 required mandatory version: 03000000 23164:20160508:105436.734 starting automatic database upgrade 23164:20160508:105436.806 completed 0% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105436.910 completed 1% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105436.998 completed 2% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105437.022 completed 3% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105437.052 completed 4% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105437.072 completed 5% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105437.194 completed 6% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105437.273 completed 7% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105437.329 completed 8% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105437.372 completed 9% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105437.931 completed 10% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.032 completed 11% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.050 completed 12% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.052 completed 13% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.053 completed 14% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.097 completed 15% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.123 completed 16% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.158 completed 17% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.182 completed 18% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.212 completed 19% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.221 completed 20% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.237 completed 21% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.252 completed 22% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.269 completed 23% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.287 completed 24% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.296 completed 25% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.311 completed 26% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.325 completed 27% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.359 completed 28% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.367 completed 29% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.382 completed 30% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.396 completed 31% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.412 completed 32% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.430 completed 33% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.580 completed 34% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.608 completed 35% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.647 completed 36% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.670 completed 37% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.672 completed 38% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.677 completed 39% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.681 completed 40% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.686 completed 41% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.690 completed 42% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.695 completed 43% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.699 completed 44% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.725 completed 45% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.800 completed 46% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.891 completed 47% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105438.977 completed 48% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.042 completed 49% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.109 completed 50% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.178 completed 51% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.206 completed 52% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.224 completed 53% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.230 completed 54% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.254 completed 55% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.261 completed 56% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.262 completed 57% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.302 completed 58% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.304 completed 59% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.342 completed 60% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.366 completed 61% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.413 completed 62% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.423 completed 63% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.457 completed 64% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.475 completed 65% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.483 completed 66% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.497 completed 67% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.513 completed 68% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.530 completed 69% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.544 completed 70% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.556 completed 71% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.558 completed 72% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.606 completed 73% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.636 completed 74% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.672 completed 75% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.680 completed 76% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.695 completed 77% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.711 completed 78% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.731 completed 79% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.740 completed 80% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.756 completed 81% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.792 completed 82% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.797 completed 83% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.799 completed 84% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.839 completed 85% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.841 completed 86% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.878 completed 87% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.900 completed 88% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.933 completed 89% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.941 completed 90% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.969 completed 91% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.985 completed 92% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105439.995 completed 93% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105440.010 completed 94% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105440.026 completed 95% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105440.044 completed 96% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105440.045 completed 97% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105440.050 completed 98% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105440.051 completed 99% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105440.052 completed 100% of database upgrade 23164:20160508:105440.052 database upgrade fully completed

启动成功后就可以关闭zabbix server了等所有的proxy更新完成再启动，尽量减少数据丢失



7.安装zabbix web

8.停掉proxy
service zabbix-proxy stop

9.备份proxy的配置文件和zabbix proxy二进制文件
10.安装新版本proxy

所有的proxy升级完成以后就可以启动zabbix server了，升级过程中注意查看日志。

zabbix agent不必强制升级，推荐升级到新版本。


三 安装Graphtree插件
Graphtree是由OneOaas开源的zabbix插件，可以根据zabbix分组分主机分应用显示。这点比zatree做得好，同时Grahtree在性能方面比zatree有很大的提升，查看图表快很多，果断抛弃zatree使用Graphtree插件。Zatree在界面显示上很鸡肋，与本身的Zabbix界面没法结合，Graphtree在界面方面就做得很好，和Zabbix自身的界面结合得好。



cd zabbix-3.0.2/frontends/php
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.co ... raphtree3-0-1.patch
patch -Np0 < graphtree3-0-1.patch
rsync -avz * /opt/webapps/zabbix/
rsync -avz zabbix.conf.php /opt/webapps/zabbix/conf/
然后重新加载下Nginx或者Apache，登录页面看看。





参考文档：
http://www.zabbix.com/rn3.0.0.php
https://www.zabbix.com/documenta ... n/upgrade_notes_300
https://www.zabbix.com/documenta ... lation/requirements