搭建 CentOS 6 服务器(6)

13i318exn2

(一)MySQL
（1）安装
# yum -y install http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
# yum info mysql-community-server
# yum -y install mysql-community-server
# vi /etc/my.cnf
character-set-server=utf8
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
# mysqld --version
mysqld  Ver 5.6.23 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server (GPL))

（2）基本设置
# mysql_secure_installation
Enter current password for root (enter for none):　←　回车
Set root password? [Y/n]　←　回车
New password:　←　123456
Re-enter new password:　←　123456
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]　←　回车(删除匿名用户)
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]　←　回车(禁止远程root登录)
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]　←　回车(删除test库)
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]　←　回车
Thanks for using MySQL!
# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:123456
mysql> create database mydb;
mysql> grant all privileges on mydb.* to testuser@localhost identified by '123456';
mysql> select user, host from mysql.user;
mysql> quit

（3）主从设置
①设置Master
# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=10
log-bin=mysqld-bin
binlog-ignore-db=test,performance_schema,information_schema
# service mysqld restart
# mysql -u root -p
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'slave_host' identified by 'repl_pwd';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
mysql> quit
# mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases --lock-all-tables > /root/dump.sql
# gzip dump.sql
# mysql -u root -p
mysql> unlock tables;
mysql> show master status\G ←确认File和Position，后边Slave会用到
mysql> quit

②设置Slave
# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=11
relay-log=mysqld-relay-bin
read_only=1
# service mysqld restart
# scp root@slave_host:/root/dump.sql.gz /root
# cd /root
# gzip -d dump.sql.gz
# mysql -uroot -p < /root/dump.sql
# mysql -u root -p
mysql> reset slave;
mysql> change master to master_host='master_host', master_user='repl_user', master_password='repl_pwd', master_log_file='mysqld-bin.xxxxxx', master_log_pos=xxxx; ←这里的值和上边'show master status'的结果相同
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G
mysql> quit

③确认主从
主
# mysql -u root -p
mysql> show databases;
mysql> create database test_db;
mysql> quit

从
# mysql -u root -p
mysql> show databases; ←test_db同时被做成
mysql> quit

(二)PostgreSQL
（1）下载安装
# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/postgresql.mirror/files/PostgreSQL%209.3.4/postgresql-9.3.4-1-linux-x64.run/download
# chmod 755 postgresql-9.3.4-1-linux-x64.run
# ./postgresql-9.3.4-1-linux-x64.run
Installation Directory [/opt/PostgreSQL/9.2]:/usr/local/pgsql
Data Directory [/usr/local/pgsql/data]:
Password :postgres
Retype password :postgres
Port [5432]:
Please choose an option [1] : 430 ←选择对应的语言（430代表日语）
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]: y
Setup has finished installing PostgreSQL on your computer.

只安装Client：
# yum install readline-devel zlib-devel
# cd /usr/local/src/
# wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.3.4/postgresql-9.3.4.tar.gz
# tar xzvf postgresql-9.3.4.tar.gz
# cd postgresql-9.3.4
# ./configure --prefix /usr/local/pgsql
# make
# gmake -C src/bin install
# gmake -C src/include install
# gmake -C src/interfaces install
# gmake -C doc install

（2）确认版本
# id postgres
# su - postgres
# cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin
# ./psql --version

（3）设置
# cd /usr/local/pgsql/data
# cp postgresql.conf postgresql.conf.default
# vi postgresql.conf
max_connections=100
shared_buffers=128MB
work_mem=16MB
# cp pg_hba.conf pg_hba.conf.default
# vi pg_hba.conf
host    all         all         192.168.21.0/24        trust
# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3 restart

数据库操作的历史记录文件
#  touch /usr/local/pgsql/.psql_history
#  chown postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql/.psql_history

通过pgAdmin测试是否连接成功。
（4）启动设置
# chkconfig postgresql-9.3 on
# chkconfig --list postgresql-9.3

（5）创建登录用户
# su - postgres
# cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin
# ./createuser -s -d -r -l -P pguser
Enter password for new role: 123456
Enter it again: 123456
Password :postgres
./psql
Password :postgres
postgres=# \du
List of roles
Role name |                   Attributes                   | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------+-----------
pguser    | Superuser, Create role, Create DB              | {}
postgres  | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication | {}
postgres=# \q

（6）创建数据库
# ./createdb -E UTF8 -O pguser -U pguser pgdb
Password :postgres
# ./psql -l
Password :postgres
# ./psql -U pguser -d pgdb
postgres=# \l
List of databases
Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |  Collate   |   Ctype    |   Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+------------+------------+----
pgdb    | pguser       | UTF8     | ja_JP.utf8 | ja_JP.utf8 |
postgres=# CREATE TABLE test_users(id integer NOT NULL, name character varying(10) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT test_users_pkc PRIMARY KEY (id));
postgres=# INSERT INTO test_users(id,name) VALUES (1, 'rensanning');
postgres=# SELECT * FROM test_users;
id | name
----+------
1 | rensanning
(1 row)
postgres=# \q

（7）主从设置
①设置Master
# vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf
wal_level = hot_standby
synchronous_commit = on
max_wal_senders = 2
synchronous_standby_names = 'slave1'
wal_keep_segments = 100
# vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf
local   replication     postgres                                trust
host    replication     postgres        127.0.0.1/32            trust
# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3 restart

②设置Slave
# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3 stop
# /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_basebackup -U postgres -h master_host -p 5432 -D /usr/local/pg_slave --xlog --progress --verbose
# cp /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.opts /usr/local/pg_slave/
# mv /usr/local/pgsql/data/ /usr/local/pgsql/data_bak/
# cp /usr/local/pg_slave/ /usr/local/pgsql/data/
# chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data/
# vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf
hot_standby = on
# cp /usr/local/pgsql/share/postgresql/recovery.conf.sample /usr/local/pgsql/data/recovery.conf
# vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/recovery.conf
standby_mode = on
primary_conninfo = 'host=master_host port=5432 application_name=slave1'
# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3 restart

③确认主从
主
# su - postgres
# cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin
# ./psql -U pguser -d pgdb -c "INSERT INTO test_users VALUES (2,'slave')"
OK
# ./psql -U pguser -d pgdb -c "select * from test_users"
id | name  
----+-------
1 | rensanning
2 | slave
(2 rows)
# ./psql -U pguser -d pgdb -c "SELECT application_name,state,sync_priority,sync_state FROM pg_stat_replication;"
application_name |   state   | sync_priority | sync_state
------------------+-----------+---------------+------------
slave1           | streaming |             1 | sync
slave1           | streaming |             1 | potential

从
# su - postgres
# cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin
# ./psql -U pguser -d pgdb -c "INSERT INTO test_users VALUES (3,'slave')"
ERROR:  cannot execute INSERT in a read-only transaction
# ./psql -U pguser -d pgdb -c "select * from test_users"
id | name  
----+-------
1 | rensanning
2 | slave
(2 rows)