用ORACHK自动化检查数据库系统的健壮性

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1、orachk工具主要用途（1）主动检查您的整个软件在操作系统、CRS、数据库、高可用等层面中的严重问题，以便于IT部门整改，提升系统的稳定性
（2）对于您系统中存在的风险提供简单化和合理化的诊断和分析建议。
（3）对系统中存在的健康风险提供汇总信息，并且能够向下钻取到特定的问题和对应的解决方案
（4）对检查结果进行量化评分（100分制），内容非常的全面，通过得分直观判断健康程度
2、运行注意要点（1）orachk不支持在root用户下运行，需要在oracle或grid用户下运行
（2）如果检查RAC环境的健康，需要输入其它节点的root密码，如果各节点root密码相同，则只需输入一次即可
3、检查输出信息分级

序号	分级	意义
1	FAIL	严重的不合格的问题
2	WARNING	警告问题
3	ERROR	错误问题
4	INFO	参考信息

4、orachk下载        metalink文章 1268927.2 中提供下载，当前最新版本为ORA CHK2.2.5，不分平台，在linux、AIX等平台通用
5、orachk安装5.1 创建一个orachk专用目录      创建一个orachk解压出来的众多文件，以及运行orachk产生的分析报告材料

[iyunv@INFA oracle]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/orachk

5.2、安装orachk    安装orachk很简单，只需要将orachk-2.2.5.zip解压缩出来即可

[iyunv@INFA oracle]# cp orachk-2.2.5.zip /home/oracle/orachk/ [iyunv@INFA oracle]# cd /home/oracle/orachk [iyunv@INFA orachk]# unzip orachk-2.2.5.zip

5.3、配置orachk目录权限

[iyunv@INFA orachk]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/orachk [iyunv@INFA orachk]# chmod -R 777 /home/oracle/orachk

6、单实例环境运行orachk开展健康检查实例

（1）启动orachk检查： [oracle@INFA orachk]$ ./orachk List of running databases 1. infadb 2. None of above Select databases from list for checking best practices. For multiple databases, select 1 for All or comma separated number like 1,2 etc [1-2][1].

（2）输出过程记录（部分内容）： Checking Status of Oracle Software Stack - Clusterware, ASM, RDBMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                  Oracle Stack Status                            ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Host Name  CRS Installed  ASM HOME       RDBMS Installed  CRS UP    ASM UP    RDBMS UP  DB Instance Name ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- infa        No              No              Yes             No         No       Yes      infadb    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Copying plug-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *** Checking Best Practice Recommendations (PASS/WARNING/FAIL) *** Collections and audit checks log file is /home/oracle/orachk/orachk_infa_infadb_080214_023723/log/orachk.log Checking for prompts in /home/oracle/.bash_profile on infa for oracle user... =============================================================                     Node name - infa                                 ============================================================= Collecting - Active sessions load balance for infadb database Collecting - Archived Destination Status for infadb database ...... Collecting - Memory Information Collecting - OS Packages Collecting - Operating system release information and kernel version Collecting - Patches for RDBMS Home Collecting - number of semaphore operations per semop system call Data collections completed. Checking best practices on infa. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INFO =>    user_dump_dest has trace files older than 30 days for infadb INFO =>    At some times checkpoints are not being completed for infadb WARNING => One or more redo log groups are NOT multiplexed for infadb WARNING => Shell limit soft nproc for DB is NOT configured according to recommendation ...... INFO =>    Consider investigating changes to the schema objects such as DDLs or new object creation for infadb INFO =>    Information about 11.2.0.3 support Best Practice checking completed.Checking recommended patches on infa. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Collecting patch inventory on ORACLE_HOME /dba/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Recommended RDBMS patches for 112030 from /dba/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 on infa --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Patch#   RDBMS    ASM     type                Patch-Description                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18031683  no             merge               DATABASE PATCH SET UPDATE 11.2.0.3.10 (INCLUDES CPUAPR2014) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RDBMS homes patches summary report --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total patches  Applied on RDBMS Applied on ASM ORACLE_HOME    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1              0              0                /dba/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Detailed report (html) - /home/oracle/orachk/orachk_infa_infadb_080214_023723/orachk_infa_infadb_080214_023723.html UPLOAD(if required) - /home/oracle/orachk/orachk_infa_infadb_080214_023723.zip

详细输出结果已经打包成zip文件
7、RAC环境运行orachk开展健康检查    方法与单实例完全一样，不同的一点在于，需要在运行节点，输入远端节点的root密
8、输出结果示例（摘取部分内容）（1）头部概述信息

Oracle RAC Assessment Report System Health Score is 85 out of 100 [url=](detail)[/url] Cluster Summary Cluster Name XXdb-cluster OS/Kernel Version AIX6 (64-BIT) 61 1 CRS Home - Version /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid - 11.2.0.3.0 DB Home - Version - Names /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.3/db - 11.2.0.3.0 - [url=]2[/url] Number of nodes 2    Database Servers [url=]2[/url] orachk Version 2.2.5_20140530 Collection orachk_XXdb1_ebizsj_072514_164205.zip Duration 33 mins, 54 seconds Collection Date 25-Jul-2014 16:49:00 Note! This version of orachk is considered valid for 64 days from today or until a new version is available

（2）database server检查输出部分Database Server

Status	Type	Message	Status On	Details
FAIL	Database Check	There should be no duplicate parameter entries in the database init.ora(spfile) file	XXdb1:ebiz	[url=]View[/url]
FAIL	SQL Check	Table AUD$[FGA_LOG$] should use Automatic Segment Space Management for ebizsj	All Databases	[url=]View[/url]
FAIL	SQL Check	Some bigfile tablespaces do not have non-default maxbytes values set	ebiz	[url=]View[/url]
......	......	.......	......	......
WARNING	SQL Check	Consider increasing the value of the session_cached_cursors database parameter	ebiz	[url=]View[/url]
WARNING	OS Check	maximum number of processes user limit (ulimit -u) for current user is NOT set to recommended value 16384 or greater	All Database Servers	[url=]View[/url]
......	......	......	......	......

（3）GRIDAND RDBMS Patch部分GRID and RDBMS patch recommendation Detailed reportDetailed report for "XXdb1"

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1 Recommended CRS patches for112030 from /u01/app/11.2.0.3/grid

Patch#	CRS	ASM	RDBMS	RDBMS_HOME	Patch-Description
18139678	not-applied	n/a	not-applied	merge	GRID INFRASTRUCTURE PATCH SET UPDATE 11.2.0.3.10 (INCLUDES DB PSU 11.2.0.3.10)

[url=]Top[/url]

1 Recommended RDBMS patchesfor 112030 from /u01/app/oracle/11.2.0.3/db

Patch#	RDBMS	ASM	Type	Patch-Description
18139678	not-applied	n/a	merge	GRID INFRASTRUCTURE PATCH SET UPDATE 11.2.0.3.10 (INCLUDES DB PSU 11.2.0.3.10)

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本文作者：黎俊杰（网名：踩点），从事”系统架构、操作系统、存储设备、数据库、中间件、应用程序“六个层面系统性的性能优化工作

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