LinuxShell脚本之利用rsync+ssh实现Linux文件系统远程备份

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功能介绍：
该脚本用于定期（结合crontab一起使用）将本地目录通过rsync+ssh传输到远程服务器，每次执行都生成一个带有以时间命名的目录，并且当前最新版本的数据链接到一个名字叫current的符号链接上，便于查找和恢复。在数据传输完成前，会传输到临时目录下，这个临时目录被命名为“时间-incomplete”。超过10天的备份将被删除，超过10天的日志文件也将被删除。
运行原理：
脚本运行的核心就在于ssh的互信和rsync命令。利用rsync能实现压缩传输，节省传输时间。
感谢：
感谢gregrs-uk提供的初始脚本。
脚本内容：

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#!/usr/bin/env bash # Function description: # Backup filesystem using rsync # Usage: # bash backup.sh # Birth Time: # 2016-07-15 16:13:43.895515929 +0800 # Author: # Open Source Software written by 'Guodong Ding <dgdenterprise@gmail.com>' # Github: https://github.com/DingGuodong # Others: # crontabs -- configuration and scripts for running periodical jobs # SHELL=/bin/bash # PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin # MAILTO=root # HOME=/ # For details see man 4 crontabs # Example of job definition: # .---------------- minute (0 - 59) # |  .------------- hour (0 - 23) # |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31) # |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ... # |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat # |  |  |  |  | # *  *  *  *  * user-name command to be executed # m h  dom mon dow   command # execute on 11:59 per sunday # 59 11 * * */0 bash /path/to/backup.sh >/tmp/log_backup_fs_crontab_$(date +"\%Y\%m\%d\%H\%M\%S").log # or # execute on 23:59 per day # 59 23 * * * bash /path/to/backup.sh >/tmp/log_backup_fs_crontab_$(date +"\%Y\%m\%d\%H\%M\%S").log USER="`id -un`" LOGNAME="$USER" if [ $UID -ne 0 ]; then     echo "WARNING: Running as a non-root user, \"$LOGNAME\". Functionality may be unavailable. Only root can use some commands or options" fi old_PATH=$PATH declare -x PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games" # Snapshot backup script # Refer: https://github.com/gregrs-uk/snapshot-backup/ # directories to backup, separated by spaces datadir_to_backup="/data/docker" # backup location on remote server # This path should not contain spaces, even if they are escaped remote_destination="/data/backup/filesystem/10.6.28.135" # ssh login to remote server backup_server="root@10.6.28.28" # set ssh options for backup server ssh_option="-i /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -p 22 -oStrictHostKeyChecking=no" # log dir on local machine #log_directory="/tmp/backup-filesystem-10.6.28.135" log_directory="/tmp/" # exclude file on local machine exclude="" # ------ END OF CONFIGURATION VARIABLES ------ # the following two variables should not need modification datetime=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S` date=`date +%Y%m%d` # set log_directory for local backup logs test -d ${log_directory} || mkdir -p ${log_directory} # check directories exist and are accessible ssh ${ssh_option} ${backup_server} "test -e $remote_destination || mkdir -p $remote_destination" # make directory for this snapshot ssh ${ssh_option} ${backup_server} "mkdir $remote_destination/$datetime-incomplete" || { echo "Could not create snapshot directory"; exit 1; } # Refer: #rsync -u -r -v -e ssh --progress --delete --chmod=D775 /path/to/documents/* your_server_name@your_domain:~/public_html/documents/ --exclude=.htaccess --exclude=.htaccess~ #rsync -azurR -e "ssh -i /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key -p 22 -oStrictHostKeyChecking=no" --log-file=/tmp/rsync.log --delete --delete-excluded testdir 10.6.28.28:/data/backup/filesystem/10.6.28.135 # do the rsync # -a, --archive               archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X) # -r, --recursive             recurse into directories # -R, --relative              use relative path names # -u, --update                skip files that are newer on the receiver # -z, --compress              compress file data during the transfer rsync -azurR \     -e "ssh $ssh_option" \     --log-file=${log_directory}/backup_filesystem_rsync_${datetime}.log \     --delete --delete-excluded \     ${datadir_to_backup} \     ${backup_server}:${remote_destination}/${datetime}-incomplete/ # change name of directory once rsync is complete ssh ${ssh_option} ${backup_server} "mv $remote_destination/$datetime-incomplete $remote_destination/$datetime" || { echo "Could not rename directory after rsync"; exit 1; } # link current to this backup ssh ${ssh_option} ${backup_server} "test ! -d $remote_destination/current || rm -f $remote_destination/current" || { echo "Could not remove current backup link"; exit 1; } ssh ${ssh_option} ${backup_server} "ln -s $remote_destination/$datetime $remote_destination/current" || { echo "Could not create current backup link"; exit 1; } # remove backups older than 10 days ssh ${ssh_option} ${backup_server} "find $remote_destination/* -maxdepth 0 -type d -mtime +10 -exec rm -rf {} \;" || { echo "Could not remove old backups"; exit 1; } # remove local log files older than 10 days find ${log_directory}/* -maxdepth 0 -type f -name *.log -mtime +10 -exec rm -rf '{}' \; || { echo "Could not remove old log files"; exit 1; } declare -x PATH=${old_PATH}

tag:Linux备份,远程备份,rsync备份
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