mongodb backup and restore

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一、mongodb的冷备

mongodb的冷备就是：复制库的相关文件。因此在冷备前，要关闭服务器，本全中使用平滑关闭server的命令。

>use admin  

>db.shutdownServer()

或者可以通过fsync方式使MongoDB将数据写入缓存中，然后再复制备份

>use admin  

>db.runCommand({"fsync":1,"lock":1})

锁库后执行插入数据命令，发现无任何反应。备份完后，要解锁（防止这个时候停电或其它原因，导致未缓存中的数据丢失）。

>use admin  

>db.$cmd.sys.unlock.findOne()  

>db.currentOp()

如果currentOp 只返回{"inprog":[]}结果，说明解锁成功。 解锁后，数据才会成功写入数据库。

解锁也可以使用以下命令：

>use admin

>db.fsyncUnlock()

二、mongodb的热备

    可以在不停止服务的情况下，使用MongoDB提供的两个工具来实现备份和恢复。这个两个工具在MongoDB的bin目录下可以看到：mongodump/mongorestor

1、常用命令格

    mongodump -h IP --port PORT -u UserName -p Password -d DB_name -c Collection_Name  -o BackupPath

    如果不指定用户，可以去掉-u和-p；省略-h，默认导出本机的数据库；省略- -port默认端口27017；省略-d默认导出所有数据库。

2、导出所有数据库

    [iyunv@localhost mongodb]# mongodump -h 127.0.0.1 -o /home/user01/backup/

3、导出指定数据库

    [iyunv@localhost mongodb]# mongodump -h 192.168.1.108 -d tank -o /home/user01/backup

三、mongorestore还原数据库

1、常用命令格式

    mongorestore -h IP --port PORT -u UserName -p Password -d DB_Name -c Collection_Name  --drop BackupPath_Or_FileName

    --drop的意思是，先删除所有的记录，然后恢复。

2、恢复所有数据库到mongodb中

    [iyunv@localhost mongodb]# mongorestore /home/user01/backup/  #这里的路径是所有库的备份路径

3、还原指定的数据库

    [iyunv@localhost mongodb]# mongorestore -d tank /home/user01/backup/tank/  #tank这个数据库的备份路径

    [iyunv@localhost mongodb]# mongorestore -d tank_new /home/user01/backup/tank/  #将tank还有tank_new数据库中

    这二个命令，可以实现数据库的备份与还原，文件格式是json和bson的。无法指写到表备份或者还原。

四、mongoexport导出表，或者表中部分字段

1、常用命令格式

    mongoexport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 -f 字段 -q 条件导出 --csv -o 文件名

    上面的参数好理解，重点说一下：

        -f    导出指字段，以字号分割，-f name,email,age导出name,email,age这三个字段

        -q    可以根查询条件导出，-q '{ "uid" : "100" }' 导出uid为100的数据

        --csv 表示导出的文件格式为csv的，这个比较有用，因为大部分的关系型数据库都是支持csv，在这里有共同点

2、导出整张表

    [iyunv@localhost mongodb]# mongoexport -d tank -c users -o /home/user01/backup/tank/users.dat

3、导出表中部分字段

    [iyunv@localhost mongodb]# mongoexport -d tank -c users --csv -f uid,name,sex -o tank/users.csv

4、根据条件敢出数据

    [iyunv@localhost mongodb]# mongoexport -d tank -c users -q '{uid:{$gt:1}}' -o tank/users.json

五、mongoimport导入表，或者表中部分字段

1、常用命令格式

    1),还原整表导出的非csv文件

    mongoimport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 --upsert --drop 文件名  

    重点说一下--upsert，其他参数上面的命令已有提到，--upsert 插入或者更新现有数据

    2),还原部分字段的导出文件

    mongoimport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 --upsertFields 字段 --drop 文件名  

    --upsertFields根--upsert一样

    3),还原导出的csv文件

    mongoimport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 --type 类型 --headerline --upsert --drop 文件名  

    上面三种情况，还可以有其他排列组合的。

2、还原导出的表数据

    [iyunv@localhost mongodb]# mongoimport -d tank -c users --upsert tank/users.dat

3、部分字段的表数据导入

    [iyunv@localhost mongodb]# mongoimport -d tank -c users  --upsertFields uid,name,sex  tank/users.dat  

4、还原csv文件

    [iyunv@localhost mongodb]# mongoimport -d tank -c users --type csv --headerline --file tank/users.csv

六、实例：

[iyunv@meteor ~]# service mongod start
Starting mongod:                                           [确定]
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongo localhost:27027
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8
connecting to: localhost:27027/test
Server has startup warnings:
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.createUser(
... {user:"admin",pwd:"123456",
... roles:[{role:"root",db:"admin"}]
... })
Successfully added user: {
        "user" : "admin",
        "roles" : [
                {
                        "role" : "root",
                        "db" : "admin"
                }
        ]
}
> use person
switched to db person
> db.p1.insert({name:"thompson",gender:"male",age:"24"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.p1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57a2a28aa6d4803a1c952529"), "name" : "thompson", "gender" : "male", "age" : "24" }
> exit
bye
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongo localhost:27027
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8
connecting to: localhost:27027/test
> show dbs;
admin   0.000GB
local   0.000GB
person  0.000GB
> exit
bye
[iyunv@meteor ~]# vim /etc/mongod.conf
[iyunv@meteor ~]# sed -n '32,33p' /etc/mongod.conf    需要开启认证功能
security:
  authorization: enabled
[iyunv@meteor ~]# service mongod restart    设备完配置文件后必须重新启动才能生效
Stopping mongod:                                           [确定]
Starting mongod:                                           [确定]
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongo localhost:27027
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8
connecting to: localhost:27027/test
> show dbs        如果未认证，系统提示错误
2016-08-04T10:06:08.491+0800 E QUERY    [thread1] Error: listDatabases failed:{
        "ok" : 0,
        "errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listDatabases: 1.0 }",
        "code" : 13
} :
_getErrorWithCode@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:25:13
Mongo.prototype.getDBs@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:62:1
shellHelper.show@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:761:19
shellHelper@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:651:15
@(shellhelp2):1:1
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth("admin","123456")        认证
1
> use person
switched to db person
> db.createUser(                            创建新用户
... {user:"person",pwd:"123",
... roles:[{role:"readWrite",db:"person"}]
... })
Successfully added user: {
        "user" : "person",
        "roles" : [
                {
                        "role" : "readWrite",
                        "db" : "person"
                }
        ]
}
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.system.users.find()
{ "_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "KFiaKAkrDqCJ/H8uIIhwzA==", "storedKey" : "faWxuPj1hZ4jV3VhL9Z0zylBL0Y=", "serverKey" : "qYSi5BRZY/GPTuBeF60KCvB5dqg=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] }
{ "_id" : "person.person", "user" : "person", "db" : "person", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "0tRiioYKdcx+On3uXgR/Sw==", "storedKey" : "8M69xFSgqniSeU7uvLqpzaclECs=", "serverKey" : "Znu2x5fAzMgrMKlxpj2I//1lcWc=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "person" } ] }
> exit
bye
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mkdir backup
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongodump -h localhost --port 27027 -d person -o backup/ -u person -p 123
2016-08-04T10:09:36.701+0800        writing person.p1 to
2016-08-04T10:09:36.701+0800        done dumping person.p1 (1 document)
[iyunv@meteor ~]# ls backup/person/
p1.bson  p1.metadata.json
[iyunv@meteor ~]#
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongo localhost:27027/admin -u admin -p
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8
Enter password:
connecting to: localhost:27027/admin
> use person
switched to db person
> show collections
p1
> db.p1.drop()
true
> show collections
> exit
bye
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongorestore -h localhost --port 27027 -d person backup/person/ -u person -p 123
2016-08-04T10:11:42.234+0800        building a list of collections to restore from backup/person dir
2016-08-04T10:11:42.235+0800        reading metadata for person.p1 from backup/person/p1.metadata.json
2016-08-04T10:11:42.256+0800        restoring person.p1 from backup/person/p1.bson
2016-08-04T10:11:42.268+0800        restoring indexes for collection person.p1 from metadata
2016-08-04T10:11:42.268+0800        finished restoring person.p1 (1 document)
2016-08-04T10:11:42.268+0800        done
[iyunv@meteor ~]#
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongo localhost:27027/person -u person -p 123
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8
connecting to: localhost:27027/person
> show collections
p1
> db.p1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57a2a28aa6d4803a1c952529"), "name" : "thompson", "gender" : "male", "age" : "24" }
>
> use person
switched to db person
> db.grantRolesToUser("person",[{role:"dbAdmin",db:"person"}])        为用户附加其它角色
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.system.users.find()
{ "_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "KFiaKAkrDqCJ/H8uIIhwzA==", "storedKey" : "faWxuPj1hZ4jV3VhL9Z0zylBL0Y=", "serverKey" : "qYSi5BRZY/GPTuBeF60KCvB5dqg=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] }
{ "_id" : "person.person", "user" : "person", "db" : "person", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "0tRiioYKdcx+On3uXgR/Sw==", "storedKey" : "8M69xFSgqniSeU7uvLqpzaclECs=", "serverKey" : "Znu2x5fAzMgrMKlxpj2I//1lcWc=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "dbAdmin", "db" : "person" }, { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "person" } ] }
>
> use person
switched to db person
> db.revokeRolesFromUser("person",[{role:"dbAdmin",db:"person"}])        用户角色回收
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.system.users.find()
{ "_id" : "admin.admin", "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "KFiaKAkrDqCJ/H8uIIhwzA==", "storedKey" : "faWxuPj1hZ4jV3VhL9Z0zylBL0Y=", "serverKey" : "qYSi5BRZY/GPTuBeF60KCvB5dqg=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] }
{ "_id" : "person.person", "user" : "person", "db" : "person", "credentials" : { "SCRAM-SHA-1" : { "iterationCount" : 10000, "salt" : "0tRiioYKdcx+On3uXgR/Sw==", "storedKey" : "8M69xFSgqniSeU7uvLqpzaclECs=", "serverKey" : "Znu2x5fAzMgrMKlxpj2I//1lcWc=" } }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "person" } ] }
> exit
bye
[iyunv@meteor ~]# rm backup/* -rf
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongoexport -h localhost --port 27027 -u person -p 123 -d person -c p1 -o backup/person.p1.dat
2016-08-04T10:22:06.773+0800        connected to: localhost:27027
2016-08-04T10:22:06.773+0800        exported 1 record
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongoimport -h localhost --port 27027 -u person -p 123 -d person -c p2 --upsert backup/person.p1.dat
2016-08-04T10:25:16.414+0800        connected to: localhost:27027
2016-08-04T10:25:16.434+0800        imported 1 document
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongo localhost:27027/person -u person -p 123
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8
connecting to: localhost:27027/person
> show collections
p1
p2
> db.p2.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57a2a28aa6d4803a1c952529"), "name" : "thompson", "gender" : "male", "age" : "24" }
> db.p1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57a2a28aa6d4803a1c952529"), "name" : "thompson", "gender" : "male", "age" : "24" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57a2a9c43f2b617cfdd64c63"), "name" : "eric", "gender" : "female", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57a2bfe38381eac036252b7c"), "name" : "test1", "gender" : "male", "age" : 20 }
> exit

bye
[iyunv@meteor ~]# rm -rf backup/* ; ls backup/
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongodump -h localhost --port 27027 -d person -o backup/ -u person -p 123    备份时备份整个库中的所有表
2016-08-04T12:36:36.321+0800        writing person.p1 to
2016-08-04T12:36:36.321+0800        writing person.p2 to
2016-08-04T12:36:36.322+0800        done dumping person.p1 (3 documents)
2016-08-04T12:36:36.322+0800        done dumping person.p2 (1 document)
[iyunv@meteor ~]# ls backup/
person
[iyunv@meteor ~]# ls backup/person/
p1.bson  p1.metadata.json  p2.bson  p2.metadata.json
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongo localhost:27027/person -u person -p 123
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8
connecting to: localhost:27027/person
> db.p1.drop()
true
> db.p2.drop()
true
> show collections
> exit
bye
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongorestore -h localhost --port 27027 -d person -c p1 backup/person/p1.bson -u person -p 123
        注：可以单独恢复指定的表

2016-08-04T12:38:55.541+0800        checking for collection data in backup/person/p1.bson
2016-08-04T12:38:55.541+0800        reading metadata for person.p1 from backup/person/p1.metadata.json
2016-08-04T12:38:55.560+0800        restoring person.p1 from backup/person/p1.bson
2016-08-04T12:38:55.639+0800        restoring indexes for collection person.p1 from metadata
2016-08-04T12:38:55.640+0800        finished restoring person.p1 (3 documents)
2016-08-04T12:38:55.641+0800        done
[iyunv@meteor ~]# mongo localhost:27027/person -u person -p 123
MongoDB shell version: 3.2.8
connecting to: localhost:27027/person
> show tables
p1
> db.p1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57a2a9c43f2b617cfdd64c63"), "name" : "eric", "gender" : "female", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57a2bfe38381eac036252b7c"), "name" : "test1", "gender" : "male", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57a2a28aa6d4803a1c952529"), "name" : "thompson", "gender" : "male", "age" : "24" }
> exit
bye
[iyunv@meteor ~]